Science educationhas an important place in the development and economic growth of countries. Therefore, many researches have been realized to increase the quality of science education, and curricula have been renewed continuously in the light of contemporary approachesin our country as well. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the historical development of elementary fourth and fifth grade science curricula from the foundation of Turkish Republic to the present day according to the main components of curricula. The evaluations were carried out by document analysis technique in terms of curriculum dimensions such as aim, content, teaching-learning process and assessment. The obtained data were classified under the curricula components considering the historical process. According to the outputs of the study, the most important progress within the components has been occurred especially in the learning-teaching and assessment processes. It can be said that failing and deficiency features of the curricula generally arise in the implementation processes.