One of the most important tools of learning at school, play and physical activities aim to contribute to the development of students’ bodily and physical skills as well as to enhance their self-confidence, happiness, mental health and academic achievement. In our country and in the world, courses of play and physical activities can be found in different levels of schooling from pre-school to higher education. When the primary and secondary education was reconstructed as 4+4+4 in Turkey in 2012-2013, the course of “Play and Physical Activities” was incorporated into the curricula of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th grades at elementary education. The purpose of the current study is to conduct an analysis of the Play and Physical Activities Course through comparison with similar courses from Germany, France, England and Italy. To this end, the study employed literature review, one of the qualitative research methods. The findings of the study revealed that the Play and Physical Course in Turkey shows some similarities to Physical Education and Sports Courses in Germany, France, England and Italy.