This study aimed to evaluate the Village Institutes in terms of the effect of the application to modernization in Turkey. This assessment was addressed under the themes of process, goals and philosophy, economic development, community values development, arts education, social cultural life, programs and further education. In this study descriptive method was used and it was carried out by using document analysis method. It is tried to be revealed that what kind of a role Village Institutes had in modernization of Turkey by document analysis based on review of literature in this study. Data were analyzed using deductive content analysis. The data is read and edited by creating a frame. For this research, firstly, related literature was examined and coding categories and themes were formed. Then the themes were created and the findings were supported by direct quotations. As the result of researches conducted, it is seen that Village Institutes featured in Turkey’s modernization and enlightenment. The Village Institutes also contributed to the modernization of society through art. Especially in the Village Institutes, students’ being engaged in a branch of art and creating products and sharing these products with both friends and people living in the village enabled the enrichment and sharing of art products. With this aspect it can be said that Village Institutes brings light to Turkey’s modernization process. The implementation of the Village Institutes lasted very short period of time with lots of interruptions. Due to the failure to implement democratization, the lack of land reform and the elimination of scientific and democratic principles in the education process the Village Instutues was left unfinished and unfortunately the desired results could not be reached.