Pioneering underwater researches in the world began in inland waters and such studies mainly comprised of diving at various lakes in Europe. With antiquarian or treasure hunting motives in the background rather than archaeological purposes, these researches continued for years. The first ever dive by an archaeologist was carried out in 1904 at a cenote near the “Chichén Itzá” temple in Mexico. It is in Turkey (Cape Gelidonya wreck, 1960) that the first shipwreck to be excavated in its entirety from the seabed by an archeologist. Although underwater archaeology studies, which have been actively conducted for about 50 years in Turkey, are considered to be significant at a global scale; they are much smaller in terms of quantity in comparison with traditional archaeological research carried out in Turkey. The relative scarcity of underwater studies compared to terrestrial ones results in reduced recognition levels. Studies conducted globally have gradually divided into subbranches and a unique terminology emerged. Meanwhile, terminological studies have not been given priority in Turkey. Although the term “Sualtı Arkeolojisi [Underwater Archaeology]” a direct translation from English to Turkish, has been adopted for being the most common and comprehensive one, a number of similar other subbranches also exist in science world. This study deals with the contents of the said sub-branches, terminology as a research question and Turkish equivalents we suggest for terms.