In this study, biofunctionalized globular or oval shaped silvernanoparticles were obtained by using aqueous extract of lemon peel(Citrus limon) via microwave-accelerated heating system. WhileUV−visible spectroscopy, FTIR and XRD analyses were applied torecognize the formation of nano-silver, TEM and Zeta analysis wereemployed to reveal their morphological features. UV–vis spectrum offabricated AgNPs indicated its characteristic maximum absorbance at445 nm. Phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles were poly-dispersedwith Z-average value of 41.86 nm, and showed excellent stability forseveral months with no aggregation and agglomeration. The non-toxicnature of the developed Ag nanoparticles was further confirmed byapplying on healthy mouse fibroblast L929 cell line, which mayexpand their potentials for further studies related to medical scienceand other biological applications.
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This study was carried out to determine tea (Camellia sinensis L. O.Kuntze) genotypes with high antioxidant activity and also high totalphenolic content (TPC) in Rize/Turkey conditions in 2017. In theresearch, the seeds collected from tea plantations located at differentfive locations of Rize were used. Plants were grown under controlledconditions in pots in greenhouse at first and then transferred to fieldconditions. Harvest of fresh leaves was realized for 3.5 leaves (threeleaves and bud) in August. Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power(FRAP) and total phenol content of young leaves of selected 103genotypes were determined. As a result, FRAP values variedbetween 638.4 and 1093.0 mg FeSO4 g-1 dw while total phenolcontent varied from 210.9 to 450.6 mg GAE g-1 dw depending on thegenotypes. FRAP values belonging each genotype group representinglocations were very close to each other. On the other hand, 87 of atotal of 103 genotypes had high antioxidant values. The fact that thegenotypes showed a high level of antioxidant activity and totalphenol content reveals the presence of evaluable tea genotypes to beused in tea breeding in Rize
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Embriyo kültürü ıslah çalışmalarına entegre edilerek çalışmalarınetkinliğini arttıran ve kombinasyonlar üzerinde oluşanolumsuzlukları aşmaya yarayan bir doku kültürü tekniğidir. Buteknik, asma ıslahı çalışmalarında çekirdeksizlik, erkencilik, türlerarası melezlemeler ile farklı ploidi seviyesinde bitkiler elde etmeyeyönelik olarak kullanılmaktadır. Üzümde erkencilik özellikle sofralıküretim amaçlandığında aranan karakterlerden biridir. Ancak ıslahçalışmalarında çekirdeklerindeki düşük çimlenme oranlarıdolayısıyla erkenci çeşitler etkin bir şekilde kullanılamamaktadırlar.Bu kısıtı aşmak adına kullanılan embriyo kültürü çalışmaları ileembriyoların dejenere olması engellenerek yeni çeşit adaylarınınortaya çıkması sağlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada erkenci çeşitler anaebeveyn olarak kullanılmış, oluşturulan melezlemekombinasyonlarından elde edilen çekirdeklerin bir kısmı in vivodaçimlendirilmiştir. Kalan çekirdekler ise son tozlamadan sonrakihaftalara dikkat edilerek in vitroda E20A besi ortamına alınmıştır.Üzerinde çalışılan Yalova İncisi, Trakya İlkeren, Tekirdağ Sultanı,Cardinal, Velika ve Bozcaada Çavuşu çeşitlerinin son tozlamadansonra optimum kültüre alınma süreleri tespit edilmiştir. ÖzellikleTrakya İlkeren, Cardinal ve Velika çeşitlerinde in vivoda çok düşükolan çimlenme oranlarına karşın embriyo kültürü çalışmalarındayüksek embriyo canlılıklarına ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma sonucundaTrakya İlkeren ve Velika için 6., Cardinal için 7. haftaizolasyonlarının optimum kültüre alma süreleri olduğu tespitedilmiştir.
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Bu çalışmanın amacı, buğdayın ZD 3.0 (sapa kalkma başlangıcı)döneminde klorofil metre (SPAD) ve GreenSeeker (NDVI) optiksensörler ile buğdayın N alımı ile tane verimi arasındaki ilişkileriölçmek, doğrulamak ve gübre tavsiyeleri için denklem oluşturmaktır.Bu çalışmada, kuru koşullarda 4 farklı çeşit (Altay2000, Gerek79,Sönmez2001 ve Bezostaja1), 6 farklı azot dozuna (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 ve 15kg N da-1) karşılık olarak verdikleri mevsim içi spektral yansımaokumalarından hesaplanan vejetasyon indeksleri ve mevsim içi verimtahmini yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Zadoks (ZD) 2.4 (kardeşlenme), ZD3.0 (sapa kalkma başlangıcı), ZD 3.1 (sapa kalkma 1 boğum dönemi)ve ZD 3.2 (sapa kalkma 2 boğumlu dönem) olmak üzere 4 ayrıdönemde vejetasyon indeksi (NDVI) okumaları yapılmıştır. Budönemlerden en uygun Zadoks 3.0 (sapa kalkma başlangıcı)döneminde yapılan okumalar en gerçekçi yaklaşım olarakdeğerlendirilmiştir. Yaprak klorofil değerleri hakkında da bilgi verenspadmetre (SPAD) kullanımına göre mevsimiçi verim tahminiyapmaya olanak sağlayan NDVI yöntemi daha uygun bulunmuştur. 8çiftçi tarlasından alınan değerlerin karşılaştırılmasında, optik sensör(NDVI) yönteminin önerdiği azot dozlarının çiftçi uygulamasıylabenzer verim düzeylerinde 0.9 kg N da-1 daha az azot kullanımsağladığı görülmüş, yani sistemin ekonomik etkinlik yönü öneçıkmıştır. Spadmetre kullanılarak erken ilkbahar döneminde azotlugübre tavsiyesinde, normalize edilmiş spad (NSPAD) değerlerindekiartışın verimde neden olduğu artışı gösteren 4 dönemde de aynıKlorofil Yeterlilik İndeksi (Chlorophyll Sufficiency Index) 0.95 kritikeşik değeri nin altında olduğu zaman azotlu gübre tavsiyeönerilmiştir.
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Bu çalışma ozon gazının (O3) ve sıcaklığın Macar fiği tohumununçimlenmesi ve fide gelişimi üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıylagerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada Macar fiği tohumları, dört farklı ozondozu kontrol (0.40 g/m3), 1.60 g/m3, 2.80 g/m3, 4.00 g/m3 ile 3 farklısıcaklıkta (10 ℃, 15 ℃ ve 20 ℃) ışıklı ortamda 14 gün süre ileçimlendirilmiştir. Ozon dozları sulama sularına 30 dakika süre ileuygulanmıştır. Çalışmada, çimlenme oranı, kök, gövde ve fideuzunluğu, yaş ve kuru ağırlık ve vigor indeks değerleri incelenmiştir.Çalışma sonuçlarına göre; farklı çimlenme sıcaklıklarının kontrolekıyas ile Macar fiği tohumlarının çimlenme, kök ve fide gelişimini,ozon dozu uygulamalarının ise fide yaş ve kuru ağırlığını olumluyönde etkilediği belirlenmiştir.
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In this study, the insecticidal activity of native diatomaceous earth(DE) Turco004 was tested against pupae of the Potato tuber moth,[Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)] inlaboratory conditions. In the bioassays were used dust formulationand applied four concentrations (2.5, 5, 10 and 202 m g) of DE. Pupaweights and the number of adults emerging from the pupae wererecorded after 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 hours of diatomaceousearth exposure. It was concluded that the weights of the pupae aresignificantly affected depending on exposure time. In addition, pupaleclosion was prevented, and no adult emergency was observed at allconcentration applied. The data obtained revealed that the nativediatom soil Turco004 may have a potential in the control of P.operculella at all applied doses.
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The Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)(Diptera: Tephritidae), is one of the important pests of pomegranatein Turkey. The studies were conducted in 2012-2013 to determineseasonal population fluctuations and damage rates of medfly atpomegranate orchards in Osmaniye province. The study was carriedout using the Econex yellow traps and pheromones (%95 trimedlure)and DDVP at four different pomegranate orchards in 2012 (11 Augustto 21 December), and at four different pomegranate orchards in 2013(11 August to 30 November) all of which were ‘Hicaz’ variety. Thepheromone traps were weekly checked and captured medfly adultswere counted and then cleaned. During the harvest time, except frompheromone trap hanging tree, 300 pomegranate fruits were randomlyselected to evaluate the number of the damaged fruits in the eachorchard. In 2012, the medfly adults caught by traps at two orchardsand the highest number of them was recorded on 26 October, followedon 09-23 November and 15 September. The largest percentages ofmedfly was observed in November (45.8), followed September (23.8),October (20.8), August (8.3) and December (1.19). In 2013, the medflyadults caught by traps at all orchards and the highest number of themwas recorded on 10 November, followed on 3 November and 13October. The largest percentages of medfly was observed in November(35.4), followed September (32.85), October (28.83) and August (2.92).In 2012, the highest percentages of damage rates was observed atorchard II (7.33), followed orchard I (5.66). In 2013, the highestpercentages of damage rates was observed at orchard I (10.33) ,followed at orchard IV (10), orchard III (6.66), and orchard II (5.66).
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In this study, antioxidant and oxidant levels of wild mushroomTricholoma imbricatum (F.) P. Kumm. were determined. In addition,the levels of Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn that they accumulated in their bodywere determined. In this context, antioxidant and oxidant status weredetermined using TAS and TOS kits. Element contents weremeasured using atomic absorption spectrometry. As a result of thestudies, it was determined that TAS value of T. imbricatum was 3.474± 0.049, TOS value was 15.257 ± 0.117 and OSI value was 0.439 ±0.003. Also, it has been determined that the mushroom could be anatural antioxidant source. In addition, it has been observed that thelevels of elements accumulated within the fruiting body were atnormal levels for wild mushrooms. As a result, it was thought that T.imbricatum could be used as a natural agent in pharmacologicalresearch because of its antioxidant potential.
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The present study related the nutritional contents, fatty acidcompositions, in vitro antioxidant, anticancer and antimicrobialactivities of different solvents extracts of Pleurotus eryngii. Thenutritional contents of the P. eryngii were investigated in detail.Crude protein (g 100 kg-1), carbohydrate (g 100 kg-1), lipid (g 100 kg1), ash (g 100 kg-1), dietary fiber (g 100 kg-1) and energy value (cal100 g-1) of fruiting bodies were analysed. Fatty acid compositions oftotal lipid, phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions of Pleurotuseryngii were investigated by Gas chromatography. Totally 13 differentfatty acids constituents were identified. Antioxidant propertiesincluding total antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity,reducing power activity, metal chelating activity, and superoxideanion radical scavenging activity were evaluated using different tests.The highest total antioxidant, DPPH scavenging, metal chelating, andsuperoxide anion radical scavenging activities were determined inethyl acetate extracts. The potential of cytotoxic activity on PC-3(prostate cancer) cell lines was found to depend on the concentrationand the type of the tested extracts fractions. It was determined thathexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of Pleurotus eryngii haveinhibition effect on the growth of tested microorganisms. The presentresults suggested that used as a daily nutrient, the Pleurotus eryngiicould be a novel source for new drug developments and promising insome cancer treatment.
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The aim of the study was to investigate some major parameters onproduction lactic acid using wheat wastewater by Rhizopus oryzaeNRRL-395. The parameters, which may play an effective role inproduction, were determined. For developing and producing pure L(+)-Lactic acid of the filamentous fungus Rhizopus oryzae NRRL-395, richmedium with wheat wastewater and glucose as carbon source wereused in the study. The effects of carbon sources concentration, pH,agitation (shaking speed) and spores concentration on lactic acidproduction were examined. After fermentation process, the highestvalues of lactic acid obtained from wheat wastewater and glucose wereanalyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography withultraviolet detectors (HPLC-UV). The maximum L (+) Lactic acidproduction in shake flasks was investigated at pH 6, 1.0x106spores/mL, 150 rpm, 30 ̊C at 8 days. The maximum lactic acid contentfor wheat wastewater and glucose were obtained at a concentration of100% (5.638 g/L) and 150 g/L (5.042 g/L). The maximum lactic acidamount of 5.568 g/L was obtained at pH value of 6 for wheatwastewater. However, the maximum lactic acid amount of 2.463 g/Lwas obtained at pH value of 6 for glucose. The maximum lactic acidvalues for wheat wastewater and glucose were obtained 5.603 g/L and2.483 g/L at 150 rpm speed, respectively. The maximum lactic acidvalues for wheat wastewater and glucose were obtained 5.804 g/L and5.646 g/L at the 1.0x106 spores/mL respectively.
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