This study was designed to investigate the phenolic acid contents andantioxidant activities of 14 clones of mint species (M. spicata, M.piperita, M. villoso nervata and M. dumetorum) that cultivated inTurkey. The phenolic acid contents were analysed using HPLC. Theantioxidant activities of these Mentha species were evaluated by freeradical scavenging activity (DDPH•), cation radical scavengingactivity (ABTS•+) and reducing power activity tests. Additionally, totalphenolic content of mint species was determined spectrophotometrically using Folin-Ciacelteau’s reagent. Phenolic acid contents ofMentha were evaluated in two subclasses: benzoic acid and cinnamicacid derivatives. The rosmarinic acid (which is cinnamic acidderivative) was the main phenolic acid for all tested plant materialchanging from 5482.6 to 31982.7 mg/kg dry weight concentrations. phydroxy benzoic acid (ranging from 30.5 to 236.4 mg/kg dry weight)and syringic acid (ranging from 95.4 to 375.2 mg/kg dry weight) weremost abundant benzoic acids derivatives found in tested mint clones.According to DDPH● and ABTS●+ test results, while M. villoso nervataclone (originated from Osmaniye) has higher activity, M. spicata clone(originated from Manisa) has lower activity among the other clones.Reducing power activity of M. villoso nervata clone (originated fromOsmaniye) was highest and M. spicata clone (originated from Konya)was lowest. It has been observed that the correlation between phenolicacid derivatives and antioxidant activity varied depending on usedantioxidant activity methods. These results show that best Mentha forhuman health in terms of both phenolic acid content and antioxidantactivity are the 3rd clone (M. spicata) and the 10th clone (M. villosonervata) genotypes.
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This study was conducted to determine the response of Salviatomentosa Mill. and Salvia officinalis L. to different salinity levels.The salvia plants were grown in 8 L pots filled with the continuouslyaerated nutrient solution under different salt levels 1 (control), 2, 3, 4,5 and 6 dS m-1 in fully automated climate chambers. The fresh anddry weight of shoot and root, stem length, leaf area, SPAD, CO2fixation, root length, root diameter, root volume, leaf Na+, K+, Ca++ Clcontent, and amount of essential oil were determined. The increasingsalt level decreased significantly plant growth of both Salvia species.However, highly significant differences were found between twoSalvia species in terms of shoot and root biomass. Generally, S.tomentosa showed better plant growth performance in plant growthcompared to S. officinalis. The Na+ and Cl- content of the leavessignificantly increased with increasing salt concentration and theincrease was higher in S. tomentosa. The amount of K+ in the leavesdecreased due to the increasing salt concentration, while the amountof Ca++ varied depending on the dose. The study showed that theessential oil contents of the sage leaves could be increased with themoderate salt application. The increase in essential oil due to saltstress was higher in S. officinalis. The results showed that Salviaspecies can be cultivated in low and medium saline soils, second classwaters can be used for irrigation of sages and essential oil yield ofsages can be increased by using salt stress.
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This study was carried out with 63 farmers using good agriculturalpractices (GAP) in olive production in five districts of Balıkesir,Bursa and Tekirdag provinces located in the Marmara Region ofTurkey by conducting a questionnaire survey. The farmers with GAPcertificate produce either Gemlik (71.4%) or (28.6%) Ayvalıkvarieties. Survey forms were handed out to contract-based producersin November 2017 during olive harvest period. The data wereevaluated using SPSS statistical program. The results showed thataverage size of farms producing olive oil with GAP are generally 60-65 decares (da) in size. The average age of olive producers is 58.7,who have been producing olives for an average of 39 years with anaverage GAP experience of 2.4 years. A positive relationship wasevident between lower level of education and late adoption of GAP.The most important problem faced by growers was Verticilliumwilting, followed by olive fly in recent years. The study revealed thatthe absence of a significant difference in the prices of olives and oliveoils grown with or without GAP reduced the attractiveness of GAPproduction. Moreover, because of the lack of price policy in olivesgrown with GAP, olives are marketed along with conventionallyproduced ones in an equal conditions in the domestic market.
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Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are the leading source of damage tocrops in agricultural production and they can cause very serious yieldreductions. The Tylenchida (Nematoda) constitutes the mostimportant group of PPNs due to containing a large number ofeconomically important plant parasitic species. This study wasconducted in apple (Pyrus malus L.) and walnut (Juglans regia L.)orchards in Bingöl (Turkey) between 2016 and 2017. For this purpose,total of 52 soil/root samples were taken from 20-40 cm depth of relatedareas during summer months. In laboratory, active PPNs wereextracted from soil and roots parts by modified Baermann Funnelmethod. Obtained nematodes were killed at 60°C, fixed in TAF inmounted slides. PPNs belonging to Tylenchida were identifiedmorphometrically and morphologically under the light microscope. Asresult of the study; eighteen PPN species were determined andclassified under the Tylenchida order as three suborders, threesuperfamilies, four families and seven genera in the apple and walnutgrowing areas. The most encountered PPN species in this study wereFilenchus filiformis, Helicotylenchus canadiensis, H. digonicus, H.vulgaris, Pratylenchoides alkani and Psilenchus hilarulus. All specieswere determined for the first time in the nematoda fauna of Bingölprovince in apple and walnut orchards.
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Bu çalışma Konya - Karapınar lokasyonunda yağışa bağlı sulamasızşartlarda çok yıllık bir bitki olan altı adet dallı darı çeşidininplantasyondan sonraki 4. ve 5. yılına ait biyokütle verimi ve diğerözelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla iki yıl süreyle (2018 ve 2019)yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlüolarak yürütülen çalışmada altı çeşit (Alamo, Shawnee, Kanlow,Shelter, Cave in rock ve Trailblazer) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada ikiyıllık verilere göre yeşil biyokütle verimi 734 kg da-1 (Cave in rock)-1499 kg da-1 (Alamo), kuru biyokütle verimi 343 kg da-1 (Cave in rock)-774 kg da-1 (Trailblazer), bitki boyu 47.8 cm (Cave in rock)- 70 cm(Alamo), metrede sap sayısı 229.8 adet (Cave in rock)- 448.5 adet(Trailblazer), sap ağırlığı 0.78 g (Trailblazer)- 1.24 g (Kanlow), klorofiliçeriği % 29.6 (Shawnee)- % 44.3 (Kanlow), stomal iletkenlik 22.4mmol H2O m -2 s -1 (Shawnee)- 34.3 mmol H2O m-2 s-1 (Alamo) mmolH2O m-2 s-1 ve bitki örtüsü sıcaklığı 37.7 oC (Kanlow) – 43.9 oC(Shawnee) aralığında belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada biyokütleverimlerinin beşinci yılda azaldığı ve Kanlow, Alamo, Trailblazer ileShelter çeşitlerinin en yüksek verime sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.
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Buğday üretiminde yaygın olarak görülen sarı pas hastalığı önemliverim kayıplarına yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, sarı pasa dayanıklıB35 yerel ekmeklik buğday genotipi ile hassas olan Seri 82 çeşidininmelezlenmesi sonucunda elde edilen F4 bitkileri ve ebeveynlerkullanılmıştır. Genotipler gluten mukavemeti (Glu-B1),vernalizasyon (Vrn-A1), bodurluk (Rht8, uzun Rht-B1a & Rht-D1a vekısa RhtB1b &Rht-D1b), yüksek protein oranı (Gpc-B1), dane sertliği,sarı pas (Yr51), kara pas (Sr49), çavdar translokasyonu ve mumsuluk(Wx-A1) özelliklerine ait allel spesifik markörler ile karakterizeedilmiştir. Buğday genotiplerinde 16 DNA marköründen 39 adetpolimorfik bant elde edilmiş, ortalama allel sayısı 2.4, ortalamapolimorfizm bilgi içeriği (PIC) değeri 0.52 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Enyüksek bant sayısı (6) VRN1AF marköründe, en düşük bant sayısı (1)Sun104 ve UHW89 markörlerinde elde edilmiştir. Sarı pasadayanıklılık geni Yr51 (Sun104 markörü) Seri 82×B35-1 ve 5, karapasa dayanıklılık geni Sr49 (Sun479 markörü) Seri 82×B35-1, 2, 3, 4,5 ve 6, (Sun209 markörü) Seri 82 ve B35, bodurluk genleri RhtB1b(BF-MR1 markörü) Seri 82×B35-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ve 6, Rht-D1a (DF2-WR2markörü) Seri 82×B35-2, 3, 4 ve 6, Rht8 (WMS261 markörü) Seri82×B35-2, 3, 4 ve 6, çavdar translokasyon genleri (NOR markörü) Seri82×B35-2, 3 ve 4, (RIS markörü) Seri 82, B35, Seri 82×B35-1, 2, 3, 4,5 ve 6 genotiplerinde tespit edilmiştir. DNA markörlerine göreyapılmış olan dendrogram, ebevynlerin F4 bireylerine benzerliğinin %54 oranında olduğunu, Seri 82×B35-3 ve 4 genotiplerinin % 95oranıyla birbirine en benzer genotipler olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
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Üretici ve tüketici süt fiyatlarının oluşumunda arz zincirindekirekabet koşulları büyük ölçüde etkili olmaktadır. Söz konusu fiyatlararasındaki asimetrik ilişkinin belirlenmesi sektördeki aksaklıkları vepazar gücünün varlığını belirlemede oldukça önemlidir. Buçalışmada, 2005 Ocak – 2019 Aralık dönemine ait çiğ süt ve perakendesüt fiyatları kullanılarak asimetrik ilişkinin ortaya konulmasıamaçlanmıştır. Asimetrik fiyat ilişkisini belirlemede Von CramonTaubadel ve Loy tarafından geliştirilen asimetrik hata düzeltmemodelinden (AECM) yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda uzundönemde perakende süt fiyatlarının çiğ süt fiyatlarındaki azalışlara,artışlara göre daha hızlı tepki verdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuç, sütsanayisinin daha rekabetçi bir yapı kazandığına önemli bir işaretolarak kabul edilebilir. Diğer yandan fiyat oluşumlarında ve fiyatistikrarında iyileşmeler gözlenirken kalite standardı ile haksızrekabet koşullarının varlığı göz ardı edilemez. Bu bağlamda, sütsanayiinde gıda kodeksine uygun şartlarda kaliteli üretimi de teşvikeden politikalar geliştirilmeli ve buna yönelik denetim sistemigüçlendirilmelidir.
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Agriculture sector faces natural, social and economic risks resultingfrom its production structure. One of the strategies to be used totransfer such risks is agricultural insurance. It was aimed in thepresent study to estimate the demand of farmers for cattle insurance(CI) and determine the effective factors which can increase the shareof premium production of CI in total premium production ofagricultural insurance in TRA1 Region. Data were obtained from 122farms determined using proportional sampling method in theprovinces of Erzurum, Erzincan and Bayburt (TRA1 Region) througha questionnaire survey. Count Data Model was used in conveniencewith the aim of the study. According to the results obtained, whenpremium cost of CI increased 3 folds, then the number of animalsdesired to be insured decreased by nearly 1-fold. In addition, when thebudget allocated for agricultural production and the probability ofanimal disease both increased by 1%, the number of animals desiredto be insured increased by 1.56% and 0.61%, respectively.
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Bu çalışmanın amacı Siyah Alaca süt sığırlarında mevcut süt verimikayıtlarından yararlanarak ileriki dönem süt veriminin daha azhataya sahip uygun modellerle tahmin edilmesi ve ‘‘Laktasyon eğrisitahmininde kullanılacak olan Zaman serileri metodu, klasikmetotlardan daha güvenilir sonuçlar vermekte midir?’’ sorusuna yanıtaramak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla laktasyon eğrisi tahminindeBrody, Wood, Cobby & Le Du ve zaman serisi modelleri kullanılmıştır.Araştırma materyali 2009-2011 yıllarında Burdur ilinde yürütülmüşprojeden derlenen 80 adet siyah alaca ineğe ait 305 günlük 4laktasyon kaydından elde edilen verilerden sağlanmıştır. Laktasyoneğrisi modellerinde zaman serisi metodu Wood modeline göre sütverimini gerçek verim değerlerine daha yakın tahmin etmiştir. Bütünlaktasyonlarda zaman serisi model artıkları arasında birincidereceden ardışık bir ilişki olmadığı, artıklarının rasgele dağıldığı,modelin artıklarının birbirinden bağımsız ve homojen olduğu vemodelin süt verimi tahminine uygun olduğu görülmüştür. Zamanserisi metodunun laktasyon eğrisi modellemede kullanılan gelenekselyöntemlere iyi bir alternatif olduğu söylenebilir.
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Jurinea brevicaulis is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to theAsteraceae family. J. brevicaulis is an endemic genus and growsErzincan and Gümüşhane provinces in Turkey. Jurinea species areknown to have anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidanteffects. In this article, it is aimed to evaluate the antioxidant capacityand cytotoxic effects of J. brevicaulis. Results indicate that, TPCvalues were between 41.7 - 537.5 GAE µg g-1, FRAP values werebetween 109.52 - 1076.2 µM Trolox equivalent g-1, CUPRAC valueswere between 231.4 - 3083.3 µM Trolox equivalent g-1, IC50 values inDPPH determination were between 0.0102 - 3.4174 mg mL-1. Theextracts caused cell death in a concentration-dependent manner in,IC50 values were calculated to be between 3.67-10.2 µg mL-1. Inconclusion, the cytotoxic effects in cancerous cells and the highantioxidant capacity indicates that J. brevicaulis could be animportant herb in developing new drugs.
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