Aim: The aim of this study was to demonstrate the anatomical structure
of pulp chamber, measure the volume of the total pulp chambers in mm3
and evaluate the pulp chamber volume changes by age and gender
statistically in mandibular and maxillary first molars by means of CBCT.
Methodology: In our study, CBCT examinations of patients between the
ages of 7-18 years, which were carried out due to different reasons were
evaluated retrospectively. The CBCT images of healthy total of 160 lower
and upper right permanent first molar teeth were selected randomly and
the volumes of the total pulp chamber were measured in mm3 with the 3D
Slicer software program. We analyzed the collected data with statistical
analysis methods and we evaluated whether there was any difference
between the patients grouped according to the age in respect of volume
changes in the total pulp chamber and whether there was any difference
between the mean volume values and gender of the patients within the
same group.
Results: Comparison of the volume measurements of the lower and upper
first permanent molar teeth between the groups showed that the volume
values of the total pulp chamber decreased depending on the age (p<0.05).
Regarding gender, volume decrease related to age was statistically more
significant among females. We determined in all age groups except age 7-
9 group that the volume value of the total pulp chamber of the upper
permanent first molar teeth was statistically higher than the volume value
of the total pulp chamber of the lower permanent first molar teeth
(p<0,05).
Conclusions: We believe that CBCT is an easy and conservative method
for the 3D-imaging of the pulp chamber, volume measurement and
examination of the dimensional changes of the total pulp chamber
depending on deposition of secondary dentin.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze dental
procedures performed under general anesthesia (GA) or deep sedation at
Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and
Maxillofacial Surgery from May 2013 to May 2018.
Methodology: This study included 182 patients treated under GA and
sedation from May 2013 to May 2018. The records of these cases were
reviewed retrospectively in terms of patient demographic characteristics,
medical history, dental procedures, and treatment duration. Children and
adults were compared in terms of general anesthesia (GA) and deep
sedation (SD).
Results: Of 182 patients (age range: 1–61 years), 63 were had an
American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) status of I (completely healthy)
and 119 were of ASA II status (mild systemic disease). A total of 143
patients (60 children and 83 adults) underwent GA, while 39 patients (18
children and 21 adults) underwent deep sedation. The mean duration of
the procedures performed under GA and deep sedation was 75 and 40
min, respectively. Following the procedure, 103 patients were discharged
on the same day, whereas 78 patients required postoperative care and
were discharged on the following day. The number of patients exposed
to GA and SD were 143 and 39, respectively. The number of child patients
exposed to GA was 60, while that of adults was 83.
Conclusions: The frequency of dental rehabilitation under GA or
sedation is increasing. Patients who cannot undergo dental procedures
under local anesthesia can be treated under preferably GA, as long as the
indications, patient characteristics, and anesthesia plan are carefully
considered. Data suggest that adults are more suitable for GA than
children. However, due to the risks associated with GA, anesthetic
procedures should only be performed by experienced anesthetists under
operating room conditions.
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Emine TATAR, İsmet Rezani TOPTANCI
Emine TATAR, İsmet Rezani TOPTANCI
Aim: The goal of this particular research was to scrutinize the
remineralization effects of fluoride varnish, casein phosphopeptide
amorphous calcium phosphates (CPP-ACP) and casein phosphopeptide
amorphous calcium fluoride phosphates (CPP-ACFP) cream, and
tricalcium phosphate (TCP) varnish.
Methodology: The study was designed as an experimental research
whereby samples with early artificial caries lesions were randomly
divided into the following 5 groups with 20 samples in each group: (I)
control, (II) fluoride varnish, (III) CPP-ACP cream, (IV) CPP-ACFP cream
and (V) TCP varnish. The effectiveness of these remineralization agents
was evaluated using a laser fluorescence device (DIAGNOdent), a scanning
electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX).
Results: In the pre- and post-treatment evaluations, the DIAGNOdent
remineralization measurements were statistically significant in all the
groups, except the control group (p < 0.05). In comparison with the
DIAGNOdent measurements, the CPP-ACFP group was found to have
significantly higher remineralization than the fluoride group (p < 0.05),
while no significant differences were found between the other groups (p
> 0.05). The EDX analysis evaluated the Ca/P ratio between the groups.
These results indicated that the CPP-ACFP group was significantly higher
than the control group, the CPP-ACP group and the TCP group (p < 0.05);
no significant differences were found between the CPP-ACFP group and
the fluoride group (p > 0.05). In SEM imaging, the most extensive mineral
accumulation was observed in the CPP-ACFP group.
Conclusions: Three analytical methods demonstrated that CPP-ACFP
was the most effective remineralization material tested in this study.
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Aim: This study measured the microhardness of a newly developed glass
carbomer dental filling material within the first 24 hours after setting and
compared it against that of two different glass ionomers, with and without
heating during setting, and a resin-modified glass ionomer.
Methodology: Six cavities were prepared on acrylic resin discs. PMMA
blocks were randomly divided into six groups of six cylinders and each
cavity was filled with one of the tested materials according to their group.
The groups were: Group1, Fuji Triage™ with heat; Group 2, GCP Glass Fill™;
Group 3, Equia™ with heat; Group 4, Riva LC™; Group 5, Fuji Triage™; and
Group 6, Equia™. Microhardness was measured by the Vickers hardness
scale using a microindentation hardness tester at 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours
after initial setting of the materials.
Results: Fuji Triage™ with heat applied during setting (Group 1) proved
to be the hardest material, while Riva LC™ (Group 4) and GCP Glass Fill™
(Group 2) were the softest. Heating the Fuji Triage™ during the initial
setting period significantly increased its physical strength after 24 hours.
Conclusions: It was seen that microhardness of materials which used in
our study was effected both time and heat.
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Aim: The mandibular canal, mandibular foramen, mental foramen, and
incisive canal are important anatomical structures for dental surgery. The
aim of this study was to evaluate the visibility of these important
landmarks in different age groups and to compare the visibility in the
dentulous group with the edentulous group on panoramic radiographs.
Methodology: Panoramic radiographs of 500 patients (237 males and 263
females; mean age:39.2) were evaluated for this study; the visibility of
their anatomical landmarks was analyzed, and scores were noted.The data
obtained were analyzed using the SPSS 21 package program.The value of
p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The mandibular canal, mandibular foramen, mental foramen,
and incisive canal were visible in 89.8%, 88%, 80.6%, and 12.8%of all
radiographs, respectively.Twenty-three(4.6%) patients had total tooth
loss.The visibility of the anatomical landmarks were most clearly observed
in groups below 25 years old.
Conclusions: Panoramic radiographs provide useful information on the
visibility of anatomical landmarks. However, using 3D imaging methods
before surgical procedures will provide more accurate results.
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Aim: Repairing amalgam restorations with composite resins is a clinical
practice with many advantages. An effective adhesion is achieved
between amalgam and composite by applied different surface treatment
on amalgam surface. In this study, the effect of adhesive systems applied
on amalgam surface on composite-amalgam connection was investigated.
Methodology: Standard cavities were opened in 70 acrylic molds that
had completed their polymerization and amalgams were placed in these
cavities. Seven groups were randomly assigned to different surface
treatments on amalgam. In group 1 only roughening with diamond bur, in
group 2 acid etch, in group 3 acid application after roughening with
diamond bur, in group 4 roughening with diamond bur and silane, in group
5 acid etch and silane, in group 6 roughening with diamond bur and Alloy
Primer and finally 7. acid etch and Alloy Primer was applied in the
samples. After the application of clearfil universal bond to all groups,
composite resins were placed and polymerized. Shear bond strengths
were tested with a Universal testing machine. Obtained data were
evaluated by one way ANOVA and Tukey B tests.
Results: In the statistical evaluation of the groups, the highest shear
bond strength between amalgam-composite was seen in the 3rd group
where both roughening with diamond bur and acid were applied together,
and the lowest shear bond strength was seen in the first group with only
roughening with diamond bur. The differences between the groups were
statistically significant (p<0.05).
Conclusions: The roughening of the amalgam surface affects the shear
bond strength between amalgam and composite resin. These results
obtained in vitro conditions should be supported with clinical studies.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the
radiographs of the region of the third molar teeth in adults who presented
with various complaints. The impaction status of these teeth was
examined according to the positions shown, gender and the jaw.
Methodology: A retrospective evaluation was made of the panoramic
radiographs of a total of 664 patients, comprising 341 males and 323
females with a mean age of 23.96 years (range, 17-35 years). The
impaction status and position were examined in a total of 1331 third
molar teeth; 456 maxillary and 875 mandibular.
Results: Of the 875 mandibular third molar teeth, 545 were seen to be
in a vertical position, 234 were mesioangular, 54 distoangular, 32
horizontal and 10 buccoangular. Of the 456 maxillary third molar teeth,
322 were seen to be in a vertical position, 71 were mesioangular, 47
distoangular, 5 horizontal and 11 buccoangular.
In the examination of the impaction status of the third molar teeth, there
was seen to be more impaction of teeth in the mandible than in the
maxilla. The most frequent impaction position of maxillary third molar
teeth was vertical (70.61%) followed by mesioangular (15.57%), and in
mandibular teeth, the most frequent impaction postion was vertical
(62.28%) followed by mesioangular (26.74%).
Conclusions: In conclusion, it can be said that when third molar teeth
are impacted which may cause pathologies, the negative effects of these
must be taken into consideration.
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Aim: In current studies, it is reported that exposure to electromagnetic
field (EMF) is related to numerous illnesses. Important parts of our bodies,
oral and dental tissues can also be influenced by the EMF. In this study,
it was aimed to determine possible negative impacts of EMFs on dental
enamel hardness and to test the efficiency of the antioxidant agents
against possible adverse effects.
Methodology: In this study, 4-month-old 32 Winster strain Albino rats
were used, each weighing 250-300 gr in average. In total, 40 teeth were
used from these 32 rats. These teeth were classified into four groups.
Group 1 was determined as the control group, and Group 2,3, and 4 were
exposed to EMF measured as 2.48 μT magnetic field intensity and 80.3 V
/ m electric field intensity for 52 days. Ganodermalucidum (20 mg/kg/
day) was applied to the Group 3 together with the EMF. Melatonin (10
mg/kg/ day) was applied to the Group 4 together with the EMF. The teeth
pulled out after the euthanasia were embedded into acrylic blocks and
micro-hardness test was applied. The normality of the variables was
analyzed through the Shapiro-Wilk test. After the homogeneity test, oneway
analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare surface microhardness
(p<0.05).
Results: As a result of the conducted statistical analyses, there was
statistically no significant difference among the groups concerning microhardness
(p>0.05).
Conclusions: It was determined in our study that 52-day exposure to
2.48 μT EMF did not cause any micro-hardness change in the tooth
enamels of the rats. It was also observed that the used antioxidant agents
did not cause any significant difference.
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Transversal constriction of the maxilla is a common problem and may
occur due to many reasons. The maxillary expansion procedures can be
classified as rapid maxillary expansion (RME), semi-rapid maxillary
expansion (SRME), and slow maxillary expansion (SME). In orthodontic
treatment procedure, it has been evaluated that it causes root resorption
especially in the support teeth in many apparatus used for orthodontic
treatment and in the expansion apparatus used in the treatment of
transverse direction of maxilla. In this review, we aimed to evaluate
maxiller expansion protocols, and the methods of examining resorption
in support teeth.
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Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the prevalence of maxillary
sinus septa (MSS) in a Turkish population, using cone-beam computed
tomography (CBCT).
Methodology: The CBCT images of 350 untreated patients (178 male,
172 female ranging in age between 18 and 65) were included in this study.
The presence or absence of MSS was determined in axial, sagittal, and
coronal planes by considering gender and side. For statistical evaluation,
a chi‐square test was used to determine any differences in the prevalence
of MSS with significance set at 5%.
Results: MSSs were observed in 201 out of 700 sides (28.71%) and 141 out
of 350 patients (40.28%), of which, 70 were in males and 71 in females.
MSS were also observed in a higher prevalence on the bilateral side.
(17.14%). Female patients showed higher prevalence (41.27%) than the
male patients (39.32%).
Conclusions: MSS was observed in 40.28% of examined Turkish subjects
and detected more frequently in females and on the bilateral side.
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