Aim: The physicochemical properties of dental graft materials are very important because they strongly influence the bone regeneration capabilities of biomaterials. The purpose of this study is to investigate the chemical composition and surface energies of white (WPTG) and black porous titanium granules (PTG), bovine bone graft, and equine-derived bone graft through energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) analysis of the comparison. Methodology: The surface chemical compositions of PTG, WPTG, bovine bone graft and equine-derived bone graft were measured by EDX analysis. All graft materials’ morphologic characteristics, such as particle and granule dimension were evaluated with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The EDX measurement of samples was evaluated at between x85 to x50000 magnification. Results: PTG grafts showed elements of sodium (%8.88±9.98), chlor (2.44±1.96) and aluminum (0.99±0.37) as well as titanium (90.06±11.34) molecule at x5000 magnification. In WPTG, titanium (%34.55±6.41) and oxygen (%65.44±6.42) molecules were detected. EDX analyses have detected the presence of sodium, calcium, and phosphorus in the equinederived and bovine bone graft. Conclusion: It has been found that the PTG surface was not made of pure titanium, it has different chemical molecules at larger magnifications and xenografts exhibited different organic material content. Cell culture and experimental studies are needed to establish a relationship between the different commercial dental grafts and their regenerative properties.
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Aim: Endodontic surgery is a treatment for persistent peri-radicular pathological conditions that do not improve after endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of endodontic treatment, technical error types seen in root canals, and the periapical condition of the teeth in patients undergoing periapical surgery, and thus to analyze the reasoning behind the decision to perform periapical surgery. Methodology: Clinical and radiographic data of 301 periapical surgery cases were retrospectively evaluated in this study. The reasons for performing periapical surgery were classified as either technical or biological. Results: In this study, 51.8% of periapical surgery cases were related to biological factors, and 48.2% were related to technical factors. Maxillary anterior teeth were the most common teeth to undergo apical surgery, with a rate of 66.8%. The most common technical reasons for surgery were non-homogeneous filling (15.6%), underfilling (12%), and overfilling (9.6%). The most common biological reasons were cysts (30.2%), traumas (16.6%), and apical abscesses (5%). In 37.5% of cases, the diameter of the cystic lesion was 10 mm or larger. Conclusion: The number of cases of apical periodontitis is increasing in the Turkish community due to insufficiently filled root canals. Increasing the quality of the root canal treatments applied by dentists will reduce the need for periapical surgery by reducing the incidence of apical periodontitis.
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Aim: The success of a root canal treatment is influenced by the status of the root canals. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of second root canals in mandibular incisors and the prevalence of root canal separation in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds in cases with two root canals. Methodology: Retrospective cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) data from 500 patients seen between 2016 and 2018 was evaluated. A total of 300 patients—134 male and 166 female—aged 13–71 years (mean age 39.34 ± 13.44) were included in this study. A total of 587 central mandibular incisors and 582 lateral mandibular incisors were examined. The number of roots and the root canal morphology, based on Vertucci’s classification, were analyzed. The effect of gender on the prevalence of root canal anatomy was also evaluated. Results: The occurrences of more than one root canal in the mandibular lateral and mandibular central were 41.2% and 40.4%, respectively, and all teeth had a single root. Type I (59.2%) was the most common type, followed by Type III (31.4%), Type II (5.8%), Type VII (2.1 %), Type VI (0.8%), and Type V (0.7%). Type IV and Type VIII were not observed. Root canal separation in the two root canals of the central and lateral mandibular incisors was found in the middle third of the root in 65.4% and 74.6% of cases, respectively. The incidence of Type III in males (39%) was higher than in females (25.4%), while the incidence of Type I in females (67.7%) was significantly higher than in males (48.3%). Second canals in the mandibular incisors were detected more frequently in men than in women. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of second canals in the mandibular incisors was 40.8%; Type III was observed most frequently. CBCT is an appropriate method for identifying the canal morphologies of mandibular incisors.
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Aim: In this in vitro study, the effect of two adhesive systems applied to surfaces of different polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) composites on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a composite resin was compared. Methodology: Eighty PEEK specimens were divided into four groups (n=20): Unfilled PEEK (UF), carbon-fiber-reinforced PEEK (CFR), glassfiber-reinforced PEEK (GFR), and ceramic-reinforced PEEK (CR). Each group was further divided into two subgroups (n=10): Visio.link (VL) and Single Bond Universal (SB). The specimens with 8-mm diameter and 5-mm thickness were prepared. SBS was examined using a universal testing machine. Results were statistically analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and Tukey’s post-hoc test. Failure modes were analyzed using a stereomicroscope at 20× magnification. Surface properties were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The surface properties of the specimens were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: Effect of different PEEK and adhesive systems on SBS was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). SBS values for CFR-VL and UF-VL groups were statistically more significant than those for CFR-SB and UF-SB groups. SBS values for the GFR-VL group were statistically more significant than that for the UF-VL group. SBS values for the CF-SB group were statistically more significant than those for CFR-SB and CFR-SB groups. Failure modes were examined using a stereomicroscope at 20× magnification, and adhesive and mixed failure modes were observed. Conclusion: PEEK composites with different contents and properties can be used in fixed prosthetic restorations. However, additional experimental and clinical studies are required to investigate different PEEK frameworks and composite veneers.
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Aim: The present study aims to evaluate the pain experienced by individuals during the first days of fixed orthodontic treatment. Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients (65 female; mean age: 18 ± 21 years) were given fixed orthodontic treatment, including the placement of a 0.014 Ni-Ti conventional arch wire (American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, Wisconsin, USA) after the bonding procedure with maxillary and mandibular rear 0.022” slot Roth brackets (Mini Master Series, American Orthodontics, Sheboygan, Wisconsin, USA). A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess the level of pain the patients experienced on the first, second, and seventh days of the treatment. The mean VAS scores of the male and female patients were compared using the student’s t-test, ANOVA, and the chi-square test. Results: Males were found to have higher mean VAS scores on the first and second days of the treatment compared to the females (p = 0.001 and p = 0.038, respectively). A greater proportion of the patients (33.33%) experienced pain on the first day of the treatment compared to the second and seventh days (p <0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that the patients experienced the highest level of pain on the first day of fixed orthodontic treatment. The male patients experienced a higher level of pain than the females on the first and second days of the treatment.
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Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different adhesive systems in amalgam restorations and their effects on microleakage. Methodology: In this study, 105 caries-free extracted human permanent molar teeth were used. Teeth were randomly assigned to five groups (n=21), and class I cavities were created on the surface of each tooth. The first was a control group to which no adhesive system was applied. Amalgam Liner (VOCO GmbH, Cuxhaven Germany) was applied to Group II, Clearfil SE-Bond (Kuraray Europe GmbH, Frankfurt Germany) was applied to Group III, Panavia F 2.0 (Kuraray Europe GmbH, Frankfurt Germany) was applied to Group IV, Amalgambond Plus (Parkell Inc.Edgewood, NY USA) was applied to Group V, and then amalgam (Tytin, Kerr, California USA) restorations were placed. After the polishing process, samples were subjected to thermocycling 1,000 times. Teeth were sectioned buccopalatinally/lingually, and microleakage scores of the occlusal walls were evaluated under a stereomicroscope at 15X magnification by a standardized scale ranging from 0 to 4. One tooth was selected randomly from each group for SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), and SEM LEO EVO 40 (LEO Ltd., Cambridge UK) photographs of amalgam-tooth hard tissue interfaces were also taken at different magnifications. The results of the microleakage tests were statistically analyzed by both the Kruskal-Wallis Test and the Mann Whitney U Test. Results: In terms of microleakage among groups, the differences that were determined were significant (p<0.05). Microleakage within the control group was determined to be the highest, and statistically important differences were observed between the other groups. Group V (Amalgambond Plus) was determined to have the lowest microleakage scores. Conclusion: In prepared class I cavities, amalgam adhesive systems are effective in preventing occlusal microleakage but do not completely blocked it.
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Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on children's caries indices, plaque scores, and brushing habits in children aged 5-17 years. Methodology: A total of 100 children (39 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and 61 healthy children) were included in the study. The plaque index, decay-missed-filled primary tooth (dmf-t) index, and decay-missed-filled permanent tooth (DMF-T) index values were evaluated by clinical examination. The plaque was evaluated using the Silness and Loe Plaque Index. Patient forms were examined to evaluate brushing habits. Results: When the survey data was examined, the number of healthy children who brushed their teeth was higher than that of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (p<0.05). The dental visit and dental treatment rates were similar in both groups (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of plaque index and dmf-t and DMF-T scores (p>0.05). Conclusion: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were observed to neglect oral care routines more than their healthy counterparts; however, this did not affect plaque and caries index values.
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Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of
Enterococcus faecalis in samples of oral rinse and tongue dorsum of
endodontic patients with secondary/persistent infections (EPSI) using the
PCR method.
Methodology: Oral rinse samples (ORS) and tongue swab samples (TSS)
of 22 patients (EPSI group) and 32 healthy individuals (control group) were
collected. DNA isolation from the TSS and ORS samples was performed
using the modified classical phenol-chloroform and chloroform method. To
detect E. faecalis strains directly from the TSS and ORS samples, the 310
base pair (bp) segment of the 16S rDNA of the E. faecalis genome was
amplified by PCR using specific primers. The prevalence of E. faecalis was
compared between healthy and sick individuals using the Chi-square test,
significance was set at p<0.05.
Results: In the ORS samples, there was a significant difference between
the healthy individuals (n = 11, 34%) and the EPSI group (n = 15, 68%) in
terms of the presence of E. faecalis (p = 0.026). In the TSS, the presence
of E. faecalis was also investigated, and a significant difference was found
between healthy individuals (n = 3, 9%) and the EPSI group (n = 11, 50%) (p
= 0.001). In the EPSI group, no statistically significant difference was
present in the prevalence rate of E. faecalis between the samples of ORS
(68%) and TSS (50%) (p = 0.358).
Conclusion: The prevalence of E. faecalis was found to be statistically
significantly higher in multi-site oral samples of a population with
secondary endodontic infection than healthy individuals.
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Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the effects of working days and
hours on panoramic and periapical radiographic errors and investigate the
association between patient-induced cephalometric radiographic errors
and skeletal malocclusions.
Methodology: Obtained from archives of Manisa Dental Health Center,
1402 periapical, 1329 panoramic, and 309 cephalometric radiographs were
investigated retrospectively between January-June 2018, and the
radiographic errors were determined. Periapical, panoramic, and total
errors were grouped according to the number of radiographs, day intensity,
and acquisition date and time for each day. Cephalometric radiographs
were not included to determine the effects of working hours and days on
radiographic errors since the radiographs were taken over the weekend.
Patient-induced cephalometric radiographic errors were investigated
under the classification of skeletal malocclusions. The independent sample
t-test was used to investigate the average range difference between two
independent groups for normally distributed variables. However, in
situations where the assumption of normality was not met, the MannWhitney U test was performed.
Results: Total errors were mostly detected on Tuesday (p=0.035). Errors
of panoramic and periapical radiographs acquired in the afternoon were
higher than those of the radiographs acquired before noon only on Monday
(p=0.024, p=0.035). The most common errors observed in periapical
radiographs were the positioning errors (23.9%) and cone cut (17.3%),
respectively. The most common errors observed in panoramic radiographs
were chin tipped high (17.00%), and head turned to one side (9.9%),
respectively. Among Class I, II, and III malocclusions, open lips were
observed as the most frequent cephalometric radiographic errors (28.6,
15.4, and 16.1%, respectively).
Conclusion: The percentage of radiographic errors increases with the
intense workload. An anatomical structure may lead to patient-induced
cephalometric radiographic errors.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of Alveogyl, 0.8% hyaluronic acid (HA), and 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) gel in reducing pain and improving clinical signs and symptoms of alveolar osteitis. Methodology: The clinical data of patients treated for alveolar osteitis between 01/01/2015 and 01/01/2019 were retrieved for this study. All patients were initially treated by curettage and physiological saline irrigation. Patients were then divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was considered the control group; no other biomaterials were administered after curettage and physiological saline irrigation. All other groups were administered an additional treatment in the socket after curettage and physiological saline irrigation (Group 1 – Alveogyl; Group 2 - 0.8% HA; Group 3 - 0.2% CHX). Patients were evaluated before surgery as well as days 3 and 7 after surgery. The postoperative evaluations included: Visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, the presence of clinical signs and symptoms of exposed alveolar bone, disorganized blood clots, inflammation around the socket, and bad odor and taste. Results: Sixty-seven patients were included in the study. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in all control evaluations (p>0.05). There was significantly reduced inflammation around the extraction socket on postoperative day 7 in the CHX group compared to that in the control group (p<0.05). No other significant changes in clinical signs and symptoms were observed among groups. Conclusion: There was no significant difference between curettage with physiological saline irrigation alone and the addition of Alveogyl, 0.8% HA, or 0.2% CHX in the reduction of pain in alveolar osteitis. Nonetheless, CHX may reduce inflammation around the extraction sockets.
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