Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between dental
caries and hormonal, biochemical parameters in pediatric patients with
early childhood caries (ECC).
Methodology: This study was conducted on fifty pediatric patients who
presented with complaints of pain and caries and underwent dental
treatment under general anaesthesia. In this study, the hormonal,
biochemical parameters (glucose, urea, uric acid, creatinine, AST, ALT,
GGT, CRP, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Glucose, Iron, TSH, FT3 and FT4)
which were routinely taken from patients before general anaesthesia and
the number of decayed, extracted and filled teeth (dmft) obtained as a
result of clinical and radiographic examination were evaluated
statistically in patients aged 2-6 years. Statistical analysis was performed
using Mann Whitney U Test and Spearman correlation coefficient at a
0.05% significance level.
Results: According to the data obtained, the mean dmft of fifty children
(male: 35; female: 15) included in the study was found to be 8.66±3.17.
The mean dmft was 7.93±3.06 in females and 8.97±3.21 in males. No
statistical difference was found between dmft and gender in statistical
analysis. (p>0.05). Uric acid and GGT values, which are among the
hormonal and biochemical parameters, were found to be outside the
normal range in 61.22% of the patients. However, statistical analysis
revealed that there was no significant relationship between dmft and
hormonal, biochemical parameters (p>0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, it was concluded that dental caries did not
cause a significant change in hormonal and biochemical blood parameters
in pediatric patients with ECC.
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Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects on microleakage
of LED and halogen light devices used in the polymerization of monomer
structure composite resins of different viscosities and inorganic filling
particle size applied to standard class V cavities in primary teeth.
Methodology: 80 non caries primary molar teeth with standard class v
cavity on the buccal surfaces were used. The teeth were randomly
divided into 4 main groups and restored with composite resins (Herculite®
XRV, Ultra™, Filtek™ Silorane, Vertise™ Flow, Æliteflo™). Each group was
divided into 2 sub-groups for polymerization with LED or halogen light
devices. Following the thermal cycle and subsequent procedures, the dye
penetration method was used to evaluate microleakage. The
microleakage scores were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis and MannWhitney U-tests.
Results: According to the results of the statistical analysis, in
polymerization made with halogen and LED light devices at the occlusal
edge, the microleakage scores from lowest to highest were as follows:
Filtek™ Silorane < Herculite® XRV Ultra™ < Æliteflo™ < Vertise™ Flow. In
polymerization made with halogen and LED light devices at the gingival
edge, the microleakage scores from lowest to highest were as follows:
Filtek™ Silorane < Herculite® XRV Ultr™ < Vertise™ Flow < Æliteflo™.
Conclusion: In the polymerizations made by using LED and halogen light
devices, Herculite® XRV Ultra™, was found to be successful as it showed
similar values to Filtek™ Silorane, which gave the best results in terms of
microleakage. Moreover, as we have reached similar findings in our thesis
study in respect of microleakage, in cases indicating the use of flow
composite resin materials such as Æliteflo™, Vertise™ Flow can be used
as it has the advantage of ease application and thus provide an ideal
alternative in pediatric dentistry.
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Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of in-office and home-based products in
the prevention of dentinal hypersensitivity on dentin discs.
Methodology: Ninety-six dentin disc samples of 1 mm were divided
equally into six groups as follows: TeethmateTM, Smartprotect®,
novamin®, Arginine calcium carbonate, potassium oxalate with rinse and
saline (control). After acid etching, test agents were applied, and eight
samples in each group were subjected to citric acid. SEM examination
(3000x) and statistical analysis were carried out.
Results: Before citric acid challenge, novamin® and teethmate had
superiority when compared to others (p<0.001), but there was no a
statistical difference between novamin® and teethmate. After citric acid
challenge, teethmate and smartprotect showed resistance on occluded
tubules. The decreasing in the level of occluded tubules in novamin®
group was statistically significant (p<0.05). In-office products including
teethmate and smartprotect were found more successful compared to
home-based products. Smartprotect resisted against to citric acid
(0.506).
Conclusion: Novamin® showed a successful occlusion in all tubules
before acid challenge whereas; it was the most unsuccessful group after
acid challenge when compared to other agents. In-office agents were
found to be more successful in reducing dentine permeability than homecare products. In-office agents showed more resistance to acid attacks.
Further studies are needed to assess the efficacy of desensitizer agents.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of antral pseudocysts (AP), maxillary sinus septas (MSS) and the relationship between AP and MSS by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).
Methodology: The CBCT scans of 466 patients (237 male, 229 female ranging in age between 13 and 83) were included in our study. The presence or absence of AP and MSS were confirmed at axial, sagittal, and coronal sections of CBCT images by considering gender and localization. For statistical analysis, Pearson chi-square and Spearman correlation tests were used.
Results: One hundred-ninety eight out of 466 (42.49%) patients had AP in the right and left maxillary sinus. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of AP between men and women (p≤0.001). The prevalence of AP was higher in men than in women. Twenty-eight out of 237 patients in men (11.81%) and 35 out of 229 patients in women (15.28%) had MSS in the right and left maxillary sinus.
Conclusion: The prevalence of AP and MSS was 42.49% and 13.52%, respectively and the prevalence of MSS was lower in our study than other studies. We did not determine the relationship between AP and MSS in the maxillary sinuses.
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Aim: The repair of restorations is an eligible method to extend the survival rates of intraoral restorations. There is a consensus that the old surface has to be removed before repair by the use of a sandblaster or rotating instruments. This study aimed to investigate whether a glycine powder can be used successfully in composite repair by measurement of shear and tensile bond strength according to dental standards.
Methodology: The influence of mechanical preparation by no powder, 25 µm glycine powder or 50 µm aluminium-oxide powder and chemical conditioning by the use of bonding, phosphoric acid and bonding or bonding, phosphoric acid and a silane on the repair bond strength of an artificially aged nano-hybrid composite was tested according to the guidelines of DIN 13990 (2017), ISO 29022 (2013) and ISO/TS 11405 (2015). The fracture modes were evaluated by adhesive, cohesive or mixed failures.
Results: There was no significant difference in the performance of the different mechanical and chemical treatments. The shear bond test according to DIN 13990 (2017) produces higher repair bond strengths (26.0±8.9 MPa) than the test described in ISO 29022 (17.9±6.3 MPa). The tensile bond strength according to ISO/TS 11405 (6.9±1.8 MPa) was the lowest. Most adhesive failures occurred with the shear test according to ISO 29022 (41%), followed by DIN 13990 (18%) and the tensile test (4%).
Conclusion: For evaluating the bond strength of composites the test described in ISO 29022 is recommended, because it produces the highest percentage of adhesive failures. Nano-hybrid-composites are robust to different repair protocols.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of partial CPITN (PCPITN) and full-mouth CPITN (FCPITN) indexes from CPITN index versions used in the diagnosis of periodontal disease.
Methodology: The study included 1,000 patients over the age of 20. The clinical attachment loss examination and clinically assisted full-mouth periodontal examination (gold standard) including the depth of the periodontal pocket on probing and dental stones were performed. PCPITN and FCPITN index versions were compared with the gold standard oral examination. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic estimation tables were statistically created from the obtained data.
Results: For Gingivitis, the sensitivity of the PCPITN index was found to be 68.88%, specificity was 85.94% and the field value under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.6893. For periodontitis, FCPITN index sensitivity was 89.28%, specificity was 96.56% and field value under the ROC curve was 0.931.
Conclusion: Although FCPITN and PCPITN indexes have a near moderate value in the diagnosis of gingivitis, they were found to be more effective in the diagnosis of periodontitis. We think that the FCPITN index is particularly effective in the diagnosis of periodontitis. Keywords: Periodontal disease, periodontal index, CPITN index, validity studies.
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Operative dental procedures may promote pulpal infections, such as
tooth cavity, trauma and teeth abrasion, anaerobic microorganism
colonization causing total pulp necrosis, and periapical lesions that
result in bone destruction in the periapical region. Periapical
radiographs are important tools for identifying periapical pathologies.
However, given that the imaging system shows three-dimensional
formations in two dimensions, the knowledge about the actual size of
the lesion and the real relationship with the anatomic structures is
limited. These limitations force clinicians to choose the high
resolution and current imaging methods that show all the details of
the oral structures, such as conic beam computed tomography (CBCT).
CBCT is a highly effective diagnostic device for early period bone
lesion detection in which the gray value for bone density is measured
in Hounsfield unit (HU). Other than using CBCT, bone mineral density
measurement can be done to assess the healing of existing lesions.
When the periapical lesion is healing, a series of formation and
destruction processes follow each other. On the one hand, mediators
and tissues that must be removed from the region are destroyed by
host defense cells; on the other hand, cells included in the repair
process provide new tissue generation and remodelling to provide the
pre-disease anatomic properties in the lesion region. This review
discusses recent studies using current three-dimensional imaging
methods, compared with traditional methods for bone damage due to
periapical lesion formation and healing after suitable treatment. This
study aims to investigate the advantages and shortcomings of existing
treatment and diagnosis approaches in endodontic periradicular lesion
diagnosis and treatment. The findings highlight promising diagnosis
and treatment tools and suggest the expansion of minimally invasive
approaches to eliminate the problems in periapical lesions.
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Aim: The aim of this in-vitro experimental study is to compare the
biomechanical behaviors of three single-miniplate osteosynthesis
configurations used in the treatment of mandibular angle fractures.
Methodology: Fifteen synthetic polyurethane hemimandible replicas
including the medullar and cortical portions were used in this study. The
replicas were divided randomly into three groups (n = 5/group). Data from
the three groups were compared using analysis of variance and the
Tamhane T2 test. p<0.05 were considered to indicate significance. The
replicas in all groups were fixed with 7-mm-long self-tapping screws and
2.0-mm four-hole miniplates in three different configurations external
oblique, lateral angulus superior and lateral angulus inferior
configuration.
Results: The replicas were tested on a servo-electric test machine, and
the data were transmitted to a computer for analysis of peak
displacement and peak force. Peak load and peak displacement did no
differ significantly among the three groups.
Conclusion: This experimental study showed that the torsional forces
resulting from the fixation of miniplates for the treatment of mandibular
angle fracture did not differ among the three configurations tested.
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Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the level of mercury
transmitted into the blood and hair of rabbits based on the number of
amalgam-filled teeth present in the mouth.
Methodology: A total of 18 male rabbits from New Zealand were used
in the study. The rabbits were separated into 3 groups: a control group,
a dichotomous amalgam-filled group, and a quadruple amalgam-filled
group. Blood samples were collected from the animals before fillings and
after 24 hours, one week and one month after the fillings were applied.
Hair samples were taken before the fillings were applied and at one
month after. Blood and hair samples were taken from the rabbits, and
the transfer of mercury was measured with the hydride system in the
absorption spectrophometer.
Results: The data obtained from the study were evaluated using the
SPSS 21 package program. As compared with the control group at the 24th
hour, no statistical difference was seen between the dichotomous and
quadruple amalgam filling groups in terms of blood mercury level
(P>0.05). However, the levels of blood mercury observed one week and
one month later were significantly higher than in the control group
observed at the same times (p<0.05). Over each time period measured,
the level of blood mercury was found to be similar between dichotomous
and quadruple amalgam filling groups (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Mercury could not be detected in hair samples. As a result,
it was revealed that amalgam fillings affect the blood mercury level.
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Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the in vitro
antibacterial effect of sodium hypochlorite gel on enterococcus faecalis
during root canal treatment.
Methodology: An electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google
Scholar, CENTRAL, Health Advance) was performed (last updated was 1st
April 2019). The reference lists of the included studies were hand
searched. Randomized in vitro studies that compared sodium
hypochlorite gel to solution as a root canal irrigant were included. No
limitation on publications date.
Results: Out of 20741 articles, only two studies with 116 human teeth
were included in this review. The studies showed 50% high risk of bias,
and 50% medium risk of bias for the included studies. Both sodium
hypochlorite gel and solution had some bacterial growth inhibition over
E-faecalis. The heterogeneity in methodology of the included studies and
the lack of high evidence led to contradictory results. However, sodium
hypochlorite solution was better in enhancing the antibacterial effect
according to the robust study.
Conclusions: There is insufficient reliable evidence about the
antibacterial effect of sodium hypochlorite gel on enterococcus faecalis.
Although the robust study included in this review revealed that sodium
hypochlorite gel is less efficient than the solution as a root canal irrigant,
further studies are needed to consider the most effective type,
concentration, duration and treatment protocols in enhancing the
antibacterial effect of sodium hypochlorite.
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