Kibble Balance developed in National Metrology Institute of Turkey allows the new definition of kilogram to be realized in single phase where the Faraday’s Law of Induction and Lorentz Law of Force are tested simultaneously thanks to its design with moving magnet. Although there are numerous advantages of this design, like being less sensitive to environmental and experimental conditions, there appear the problem of distinguishing the voltage induced across the ends of the coil as a result of Faraday’s Law of Induction and the voltage due to the current delivered to coil to generate the Lorentz Force, with a relative uncertainty of some parts of a billion. In order to get the best possible performance of the digital multimeter measuring the voltage of the coil, a waveform generator is connected in series to the multimeter as a compensating voltage source so that the voltage due to the supplied current is almost eliminated in the input of the multimeter. However, temporal voltage fluctuations in the waveform generator may induce additional voltage at the coil. In this paper, we show that these random effects are eliminated with an uncertaınty of 15 ppb in case the experiment lasts for at least 48 hours.
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The multi-objective Solid Transportation Problem (MSTP) is type of vector minimization (or maximization) problem with three parameters: source, destination, and mode of transport. It may have fractional objective functions in real-life applications to maximize the profitability ratio like profit/cost or profit/time. We refer to such transportation problems as the Multi-objective Fractional Solid Transportation Problem (MFSTP). In this article is presented a fuzzy approach that combines the usage of linear programming and the golden section algorithm with linear and exponential membership functions and a strongly efficient solution is obtained. Finally, a numerical example from the literature is solved to show the solution algorithm and a comparison is presented with the solution found by using a linear membership function.
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In this study, it is aimed to develop a suitable photovoltaic system design for the needs of Giresun University Faculty of Engineering. After the determination of the number of panels required for the photovoltaic system by mathematical equations, a 3-dimensional layout planning was made on the roofs of the Engineering building using the PVSol program thus the required equipment was determined for the system. After simulation of the photovoltaic system and determination of the equipment compatible with the system was done, some parameters such as cost calculations, financial analysis and self-paying of the system were determined by the PVSol simulation program and the results were analyzed.
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With the developing technology, number of people who use computers are increasing nowadays. This increase in computer usage causes an increase in the variety of attacks and the number of attacks against computer systems. This situation reveals the importance of the protection of data processed on the computers and the concept of information security. Thanks to the intrusion detection systems, which have an important place in the protection of computer systems, attacks against computers and computer networks can be detected before they affect systems. Considering the increasing variety of attacks, the development of machine learning-based attack detection systems has been the subject of many studies recently. Although supervised and unsupervised machine learning have separate features, they make different contributions to the areas in which they are used. Within the scope of this study, NSL KDD data set, one of the most frequently used data sets in previous studies to simulate network traffic, was applied to a number of supervised and unsupervised learning algorithms in the WEKA application. When the results are evaluated under certain criteria, it has been determined that supervised learning algorithms give more accurate results, where unsupervised learning algorithms give faster results in the detection of attacks.
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Recently proposed Type-3/2 seesaw mechanism is an alternative model to the Type-I seesaw. In this novel mechanism the light neutrino masses are induced via a vector-spinor, which keeps the Higgs mass stabilized at one loop. Here, in this letter, radiative corrections to the light neutrino masses via this vector spinor is studied. It is shown that the active neutrinos get trivial correction from the vector spinor loop as long as the mass of vector spinor is at the order of 2.8×10^12 GeV or higher. This is in agreement with the minimum mass value required for inducing active neutrino masses (M_ψ≈10^14 GeV) and naturalness criteria of Higgs field (M_ψ≈10^16 GeV) in Type-3/2 seesaw mechanism.
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Defence expenditure has an important role for a country’s economy and has a greater impact on the economies of underdeveloped and developing countries. This article was prepared as a conceptual study for the purpose of answering the long-standing discussion about the share of Turkey’s financial sources of defence expenditure in Turkey. In this context; basic concepts, factors affecting defence expenditures, process of determining defence budget, financial sources for defence expenditures were searched and Turkey’s defence budget was compared with that of some selected other countries. The data used for comparison, were compiled from Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). It has been found that Turkey’s defence expenditure out of its GDP plummeted after 2000, but this trend reversed and the ratio started to increase after 2015 which reached to 2.7% of in 2019. Turkey ranked the 15th with a defence budget of 20.4 billion dollars among the list of countries with the most defence budgets in 2019. Also, when Turkey's defense budget is compared with its neighbors as of 2019, it is viewed to be at an average value. Moreover, although there are areas to be improved, it is seen that there is a systematic application related to the determining, planning, implementing and checking of defence expenditure and reasonable defence expenditure is defined according to this systematic in Turkey in today’s conditions. It is considered that it would be beneficial to conduct more in-depth studies on this subject in the future.
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With the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic continuing to be felt globally, it is essential that people quickly adapt to a new virtual business landscape, in order to continue to provide a valuable conference experience. E-conference, in other words web conference or virtual conference, is an online conference that involves people participating in a conference through a virtual environment on the web, rather than meeting in a physical location. The objective of this paper is to inspect several reasons of behavioural intention to use an e-conference system by utilizing the modified technology acceptance model (TAM). Together with primary elements of TAM, in this particular paper, additional constructs such as satisfaction, time, price savings, technical support, mobile anxiety, social influence and convenience are taken into account. Total of 203 questionnaires is gathered through academicians in Turkey. To evaluate the data and examine the proposed hypotheses, the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) methodology is implemented by utilizing SmartPLS 3.2.7. The results indicate that convenience, mobile anxiety, satisfaction, perceived usefulness and social influence are significantly predicting the behavioural intention. This paper enables theoretical and practical implications for authorities seeking to implement an e-conference.
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In this study, we focus on the effect of word positions in unsupervised, graph-based keyword extraction. To this aim, we discuss the performance of four node-weighting procedures, namely Word Position (WP), Word Position Bidirectional (WPB), Sentence Position (SP), and Sentence Position Bidirectional (SPB). WP assigns higher weights to words that appear at the beginning of a text. WPB assigns higher weights to words that appear either at the beginning or end of a text. SP assigns higher weights to words that appear in the very first sentences of a text. SPB assigns higher weights to words that appear in sentences that are either close to the beginning or end of a text. Experiments conducted on six benchmark datasets show that WP and SP do not statistically differ. However, for datasets whose keywords appear early in the text WP performs better than SP with no statistical difference, while for datasets where keywords are evenly distributed in text SP statistically performs better than WP.
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Considering the growing maritime sector in today's conditions, it is of great importance to use the energy used in ship systems in the most efficient and cost-effective manner. The greenhouse gas emissions caused by this energy network emerge as a big problem that needs to be solved. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has been working since 1958 to control the ship's CO2 emission problem. In this study, a warship was examined as an example in the first stage and the current situation was revealed with Reference Energy System Analysis, taking into account the existing technologies. As a second step, the study in question has handled various scenarios with the Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning System (LEAP) software, which transforms the energy sector into a mathematical model, and within the framework of the results, analysis work has been completed for the improvement of a warship in the field of energy. The results have shown us that improvements can be achieved in the field of energy on a warship, and greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced as a result of these improvements.
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The second generation intact stability criteria (SGISC) have been developed by the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO) Subcommittee on Ship Design and Construction (SDC). The SGISC involve improving the current intact stability criteria by including dynamic movements of ships in waves. The criteria are structured around five failure modes, pure loss of stability being one of these. This paper presents sample calculations regarding the assessment of pure loss of stability for a Turkish navy tanker. The calculations involve two steps that this study explains: Level 1 and Level 2. In addition, Option A and Option B are used as solution methods for both levels. Minimum metacentric heights (GMmin) are calculated at the lowest draft (Option A) and at different wave crest locations alongside the ship (Option B) for Level 1. Values for the angle of vanishing stability, angle of loll, angle of stable equilibrium and maximum righting lever have been calculated from the GZ curves for Level 2. As a result, the subject ship was found not to be vulnerable to pure loss of stability. Level 1 results for both options are inconsistent due to Level 2 results being consistent.
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