Bu çalışma, Afyonkarahisar ili Hocalar ilçesindeki küçükbaş hayvancılık işletmelerinin mevcut durumunu ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri 16 köy ve beldede 105 küçükbaş işletmesinden yetiştiricilerle yüz yüze yapılan anketler ile elde edilmiştir. Ankete katılan yetiştiricilerin ortalama yaşı 48,47 olup, %75,20 oranıyla ilkokul mezunu oldukları tespit edilmiştir. İşletmelerindeki aile üyelerinin ortalama sayısı ile işletmelerin ortalama yaşı (yıl) sırasıyla 5,36 kişi ve 20,09 yıl olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırma kapsamında yetiştiricilerin genellikle ve eşit oranda (%45,70) yarı-açık ve kapalı barınak sistemlerini tercih ettikleri görülmüştür. Ağılların taban yapısının genel olarak topraktan oluştuğu (%74,30), çatı malzemesi olarak da kiremit (%72,40) kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. İşletmelerde yemin, hayvanlara mera dışında sadece kış aylarında kaba ve konsantre yem olarak sırasıyla günlük 1,22 kg, 0,80 kg olarak veridiği saptanmıştır. Çalışmada, işletmelerde sağımdan önce hayvanların meme temizliğinin %48,40 oranıyla yapıldığı belirlenmiştir. Koyun ve keçilerin sütlerinin değerlendirilme şekli incelendiğinde, genel olarak sütün %70,50 oranında işlenerek peynir olarak satıldığı belirlenmiştir. Küçükbaş hayvancılıkla uğraşan yetiştiricilerin çok büyük bir kısmının (%93,30) bilgi desteği alma noktasında sıkıntılar yaşamadıkları ortaya konulmuştur. Bilgi desteği alınan kurumlar arasında en yüksek oran İlçe Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğü’ne aittir (%35,40). Sonuç olarak, Afyonkarahisar ili Hocalar ilçesinde bilgi desteği alınsa da geleneksel yöntemlerin etkisinin hissedilmesi ve özellikle de işletmelerin çoğunda kayıt sistemi olmaması önemli sıkıntılar arasındadır. İşletmelerdeki mevcut sıkıntıların azaltılarak, üretimin istenilen noktalara gelmesinde küçükbaş sektörü paydaşlarının daha etkin rol alması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
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The aim of this study is to determine the attitudes and behaviors of veterinarians registered in Aydın Chamber of Veterinarians in line with "deontological provisions". For this purpose, a questionnaire based on ethical issues was prepared according to a 5-point Likert scale. To the questions sent to 575 registered members of the Chamber and requested to be answered on a voluntary basis were responded by 82 participants. In the analysis of the data, the Cronbach alpha value was 0.80. In the factor analysis, it was determined that the questions were clustered in 3 factors (F1=wage, F2=professional attitude-behavior and F3=professional organizations). In the analysis, it was determined that the participants thought that veterinarians had negative attitudes about complying with the minimum wage specification, representing the profession and wearing work clothes during working hours (white coat, overalls, operation apron, etc.), professional defamation. On the other hand, it was determined that the participants thought that veterinarians had positive attitudes on issues such as serving according to their labor-price performance, empathizing with patients and their relatives, obeying the rules of prohibition of advertising, and respect for their professional experience. As a result, it was revealed that the concept of professional ethics should be given importance both in the education period and in-service training.
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Keçilerde, üreme mevsimi dışında yapılan senkronizasyon uygulamaları sonrasında karşılaşılan embriyonik kayıpların %70’i çiftleşme sonrası görülen luteal yetersizlikler nedeniyle şekillenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; luteal yetersizlikler nedeniyle oluşan embriyonik kayıpların önlenmesi için; anöstrus sezonunda çiftleşme sonrasında yapılan GnRH ya da progesteron uygulamalarının gebelik oranları üzerine etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada herhangi infertilite sorunu bulunmayan ve anöstrus sezonunda bulunan toplam 30 baş Saanen keçisi kullanılmıştır. Keçiler rastgele 3 gruba ayrılmıştır. Tüm gruplarda progesteron içeren intravaginal araç (CIDR®) kullanılarak senkronizasyon programı uygulanmış ve teke katılmıştır. G1’de (n=10) çiftleşmelerden sonra hiçbir uygulama yapılmamıştır. G2’de (n=10) keçilere son çiftleşmeden sonraki 12. gün buserelin enjeksiyonu yapılmıştır. G3’de (n=10) son çiftleşmeden sonraki 5. gün 5 gün süreyle CIDR® uygulanmıştır. Çiftleşme sonrası tüm keçilerden 12. ve 30. günlerde kan örneği alınmış ve 30. gün gebelik muayeneleri yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda, gruplar arasında gebelik oranları açısından bir fark oluşmadığı (p>0.05), her bir grupta alınan 12. ve 30. gün kan örneklerinde progesteron değerleri incelendiğinde; G2 hariç hiçbir grupta istatistiksel bir fark bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir. G2’de 30. gün ölçülen progesteron değerlerinin, G1 ve G3’de ölçülen değerlerden istatistiksel olarak farklı olduğu belirlenmiştir (p
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Kedilerin solunum sisteminin en yaygın patojenlerinden biri olan Felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1) çoğunlukla ateş, mukopurulent nazal akıntı, konjunktivitis, iştahsızlık gibi semptomlarla seyretmekte ve özellikle yavru kedilerde alt solunum sistemi enfeksiyonları sonrasında ölümlere neden olabilmektedir. dir. Enfeksiyonun bulaşması akut ve subklinik enfekte kedilere ait üst solunum yolu sekret ve ekskretleri yoluyla olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada sağlıklı görünümlü ile solunum sistemi enfeksiyonu klinik bulguları gösteren, 6 ay-8 yaş arasında, sahipli veya sahipsiz, farklı ırklara ait 55 dişi, 57 erkek olmak üzere toplamda 112 kediden alınan EDTA’lı kan örneklerinde PCR tekniği ile FeHV-1 nükleik asit varlığı araştırılmış ve pozitif örneklerin dizin analizi gerçekleştirilerek filogenetik ağaç oluşturulmuştur. Test edilen örneklerin %33,93’ünde (38/112) FeHV-1 nükleik asidi tespit edildi. Sağlıklı görünümlü kedilerde pozitiflik oranı %20,83 (5/24) iken, klinik bulgulu kedilerde bu oran %37,50 (33/88) olarak belirlendi. Her iki grupta yer alan kedilerde pozitiflik oranlarının yakın oluşu etken saçılımında akut enfekte kedilerin yanı sıra, sağlıklı görünümlü kedilerin de önemli rol oynayabileceğini düşündürmüştür. Örneklenen kedilerde yaş ve cinsiyete göre pozitiflik oranları, enfeksiyonun her yaştaki ve cinsiyetteki kedilerde görüldüğü ancak özellikle 1 yaş altındaki kedilerde daha yaygın olabileceği ortaya konmuştur
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Dietary consumption of commercially prepared (often through processing) corn syrup can activate reactive oxygen species and the inflammatory pathways observed in kidney damage in humans and experimental animals. This study was designed to assess the effects of antioxidant properties of acetylsalicylic (ASA) and ascorbic acid (AA) on corn syrup (CS) induced renal injury. Forty male Sprague–Dawley rats (14–16 weeks) were randomly classified into 5 groups, each containing 8 rats: control group (C), CS group, CS+ASA group (ASA-10 mg/kg/day/po), CS+AA group (AA-200 mg/kg/day/po) and CS+ASA+AA group (combination treatment with ASA and AA doses). At the end of the experiment, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Malondialdehyde (p<0.001) levels were increased in the CS group compared with control group and were decreased in the ASA, AA and ASA+AA treated groups (p≤0.001 for all) compared with CS group. Catalase activities were decreased in the CS group (p≤0.001) compared with the control group (p<0.001) and significantly increased in AS+AA-treated group (p<0.001) compared with the CS group. Significant histopathological changes including tubular vacuoler degeneration, tubular dilatation, cortical and medullar haemorrhage, mononuclear cell infiltration, and increased inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor-α staining were observed in the CS group. Combination theraphy reversed all these changes. The administration of ASA and AA for the treatment of kidney damage due to corn syrup consumption provides an ideal target for improving oxidative stress and potential therapeutic treatments.
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The focus of the present study was to present a case of multilobar kidneys with smooth surface in one New Zealand white rabbit. It is well known that the kidneys of the rabbits are unipyramidal. During dissection it was found that there was an exception in one female animal which was clinically healthy and sexually matured, aged 8 months and with weight from 2.5 kg to 3.2 kg. After evisceration of both kidneys, and incision in the lateral borer of the fresh organs, it was found that the cortex and medulla were constructed by pyramidal shaped lobes. The apex of the lobes formed papillae and got up into calices into the real sinus. The renal pelvis was a concave structure. We conducted an imaging anatomical study. The anatomical preparations were studied in liquid isotonic medium, using ultrasound device with linear transducer. Thus we confirmed the results with these of the organs’ morphological features. The cortex with the fibrous capsule were hyperechoic, compared to the relatively hypoechoic image of the pyramidal lobes. The papillae forming the apex were outlined by the hyperechoic calices. The renal pelvis and hilus were hypoechoic findings. After fixation the kidneys in 10 % water solution of formalin the pyramidal shaped lobes were preserved and with well distinguished papillae. The calices protruded into the sinus. In all methods we found seven number of well-defined pyramidal shaped lobes.
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In this study, Suillus spp. after determining the dry matter and protein amounts of the mushroom, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the ethanolic extracts were investigated. Free radical scavenging activity was determined by DPPH method and phenolic content was determined by HPLC. Antimicrobial activity of Suillus spp. was determined against microorganisms that Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes and Pseudomonas florescens microorganisms. Suillus mushroom had a antioxidant activity and It was determined that the phenolic components with the highest amount of phenolic acid were ellagic acid, caffeic acid and gentisic acid, respectively. It was stated that Suillus extract inhibited the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, while suppressing the growth of S. Typhimurium, L. monocytogenes and P. florescens.
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In this study, it was aimed to compare the differences in the metabolic status of grazing ewes with live and stillbirth lambs for which no etiological infectious agent could be isolated. Group 1 (live and stillbirth lambs) and group 2 (live lambs) consisted of 20 multiparous Sakiz ewes. Blood samples were collected two times on the parturition day and the day fifteenth after parturition. In the first sampling time, triglyceride levels of group 2 were determined significantly (p<0.001) higher than group 1. In the second sampling time, levels of magnesium (p<0.05), total protein (P<0.01), cholesterol (p<0.01), and triglyceride (p<0.05) levels were found significantly higher in group 2 than group 1. However, significant decreases were observed in both calcium and triglyceride levels in group 2 between the two sampling times. The beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) (p<0.05) levels were found significantly higher in the second sampling time than in the first sampling time only in group 1. Unlike the BHBA levels, a significant decrease was determined in both cholesterol and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (p<0.05) in group 1 as the lactation progressed. Finally, we concluded that the metabolic status of group 2 is better than group 1, and it is important to the evaluation and follow-up of the metabolism in ewes with stillbirth without any etiological diagnose that couldn’t be determined.
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Surgical problems observed in cats after falling from balconies or windows of buildings are significant, and this phenomenon of falling from a height is known as high-rise syndrome (HRS). The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate frequently encountered cases of cats falling from a height.
Overall, 72 cats of different breeds, ages and sexes brought to XXX University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Surgery, with complaints of falls from a height in 2019 were included.
Falls from a height are more common during summer. Orthopaedic problems are common (58.33%), and femoral fractures (23.61%) constitute an important part of them. The affected cats were aged mostly under the 1 year. Furthermore, the survival rate of these cats was found to be 95.8%.
In conclusion, the main purpose for the treatment of cats with HRS should be to stabilise their general condition and subsequently correct orthopaedic and/or soft tissue damage.
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The poultry industry is considered potent for the economy of any country because chicken production is an important food source now-a-days. However, skeletal abnormalities are one of the major contributing factors to production loss. For decades researchers are trying to make contributions for the diagnosis of these problems effectively and are giving suggestions for the improvement in their skeletal deficiencies. Bone structural and metabolic disturbances (like tibial dyschondroplasia, osteoporosis and osteoarthrosis) are common in broiler chickens and have emerged in past few years. Due to fast growth and high leg to body weight ratio bone suffers excessive stress and loses the strength. Such conditions are manifested with a tendency for fracture. Understanding of bone quality provides deep information of the mechanical and functional aspects of bone tissues. The measurements of the bone strength can be performed with some methods, like the geometrical indices, radiographic or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometric density measurements, ash content measurements or the assays of bone turnover biomarkers. But biomechanical tests are the core diagnostic tools that can measure bone health parameters with reliable indicators. In this review, an overview of the mechanical tests used to test bone quality has been given and the effectiveness of such methods is discussed using different bones of poultry birds. Knowing the basic concepts on biomechanical tests applied in poultry bones and comparing the results to identify suitable testing methods may input improvement in the dialogue between the researchers interested in the assessment of bone strength at both structural and pathophysiological levels.
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