Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) used in combination with casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) to recover minerals to the enamel after artificial caries formation.
Methods: Fifty enamel samples were prepared from the buccal surfaces of extracted human third molars. The samples were divided into five groups: (G1) Untreated enamel samples (control), (G2) Application of 500 ppm sodium fluoride (NaF), (G3) CPP-ACP,
(G4) EMD, and (G5) CPP-ACP + EMD. All of the samples were placed in an acidic buffer solution for 96 hours to simulate a carious
lesion. Ca/P ratios were calculated using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). After seven days of the remineralization procedure, the mineral contents of the samples were re-measured. All the data were analyzed statistically.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the mineral contents of the samples between the groups after demineralization (p>0.05). The Ca/P ratios of G2, G3, G4, and G5 increased significantly (p<0.05) after remineralization. The highest levels
of the Ca/P ratio were obtained in G5.
Conclusion: Despite the limitations of this in vitro study, the combined use of CPP-ACP and EMD may increase the remineralization
potential. Furthermore, this procedures may be an alternative for providing enamel remineralization in future clinical trials.
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Objective: Isolated coronary artery ectasia (iCAE) is characterized by localized or diffuse dilatation of the coronary arteries, and the
exact mechanism underlying iCAE is unclear. However, endothelial dysfunction is related to iCAE. Adropin has a regulatory effect
in the coronary artery endothelium. This study aimed to determine the relationship of adropin level to iCAE.
Methods: Fifty patients with iCAE and 32 age- and sex-matched control subjects with normal coronary angiography (CAG) findings were selected from 4546 patients who underwent CAG between July 2019 and October 2019. Blood sample for adropin
analysis were collected just before CAG.
Results: No significant difference was found between groups in terms of baseline characteristics and laboratory parameters. The
mean adropin level in patients with iCAE was significantly lower than that in control subjects (0.33±0.35 vs. 0.55±0.35 ng/mL,
p<0.001). In receiver operating characteristic analysis, the cut-off value of adropin ≤0.341 had 76.0% sensitivity and 84.37% specificity for predicting iCAE (area under the curve: 0.839, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis included age, left ventricular ejection fraction,
and adropin level, which showed that adropin (per 1 ng/dL decrease) (odds ratio: 0.973 [0.956–0.990]; p=0.002) was independently
associated with iCAE.
Conclusion: The present study showed that adropin level is significantly lower in patients with iCAE patients and is independently
associated with iCAE
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Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the effect of epinephrine administration on the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and one-month mortality in patients with cardiopulmonary arrest.
Methods: We conducted this study between August 1, 2016 and May 31, 2017. Importantly, we included the witnessed cases (≥18
years) of in-emergency department cardiopulmonary arrest (IEDCA) and out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest (OHCA) in the
study. We divided the patients into two groups: the adrenaline group (Group 1) and the non-adrenaline group (Group 2). Thereafter, we investigated ROSC and one-month mortality in them.
Results: We included 183 patients (50.3% of males and 49.7% of females with a mean age of 64.2±16.8 years) in the study. The
percentages of IEDCA and OHCA cases were 25.1% and 74.9%, respectively. Epinephrine was administered to 100 (54.6%) patients
(Group 1). Among these patients, 15.9% (n=29) of the patients had shockable rhythms (ventricular fibrillation, pulseless ventricular
tachycardia) and 84.1% (n=154) of them had non-shockable rhythms (asystole, pulseless electrical activity) as the initial rhythm.
ROSC and one-month mortality rate of these patients were 24% (n=44) and 72.8% (n=36), respectively. The one-month mortality
rates of Group 1 (30% of patients had IEDCA and 70% of patients had OHCA) and Group 2 were 43.8% and 56.2%, respectively
(p=0.0231). The ROSC and one-month mortality rates of Group 1 and Group 2 cases, whose initial rhythm was a shockable rhythm,
were 26.6% and 50% vs. 42.8% and 66.6%, respectively.
Conclusion: In this study, we found no significant difference in terms of obtaining ROSC between the shockable rhythm and ROSC
in the IEDCA and OHCA cases (p=0.963 and p=0.141, respectively). The effect of epinephrine administration on patients with IEDCA and OHCA whose ROSC was obtained on one-month mortality was not statistically significant (p>0.05).
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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the radioprotective effects of propolis and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against
radiation-induced damage in the tongue-tissues of rats exposed to total cranial gamma irradiation.
Methods: Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups. An appropriate control group was also studied.
The animals were euthanized on day 10, and tongue-tissues were collected for evaluating biochemical oxidative parameters.
Results: Lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) levels and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, and markers of oxidative stress were significantly higher, while paraoxonase (PON) activity was significantly lower for irradiated
rats (IR) group compared to the other groups. When LOOH, TOS, OSI values, and XO activity in the propolis+IR and CAPE+IR groups
were evaluated, there was no statistically significant difference between those ones and all control groups. In terms of the total
-SH levels, the propolis+IR group was found to be significantly higher than all other groups. There was no significant difference in
arylesterase (ARE) activity, ceruloplasmin (Cp) levels.
Conclusion: Propolis and CAPE reduce oxidative stress and have antioxidant effects that may be useful agents of ionizing radiation-induced tissue damage
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Objective: There is a limited data about resistive index (RI) of median nerve (MN) in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome
(CTS). In our study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between CTS severity and MN-RI.
Methods: A total of 115 CTS patient wrists, and 49 wrists of control subjects without CTS, were examined on ultrasonography (US) and color Doppler US (CDUS), pulsed Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS), and by electrophysiological evaluations.
MN peak-systolic velocity (MN-PSV), MN end-diastolic velocity, MN-RI and MN pulsatility index (MN-PI) were measured by
PDUS. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to electrophysiological examinations severity findings of CTS as mild
(Group-I), moderate (Group-II), and severe (Group-III).
Results: MN-PSV, MN-PI and MN-RI increased significantly from Group-I to Group-III and these parameters were significantly
higher in Group-III than other two groups. MN-RI independently determines the patients to have severe CTS. Increased MNRI (per-0.1) was found to increase the risk of having severe CTS by 3.45-times. In the ROC analysis, the area under the curve
was 0.846 for MN-RI. When the MN-RI cut-off value was taken as 0.80, it determines patients to be severe CTS with 85.2%
sensitivity and 78.2% specificity.
Conclusion: The increase in MN-RI in CTS patients is independently associated with disease severity and may be used in the
clinical follow-up of these patients.
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Objective: In December 2019, pneumonia associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 emerged in China, and
has been spread worldwide eventuating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As of June 27, 2020, 195,883 people
have been diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey, among them 5082 are dead. Moreover, 9,999,606 people were infected worldwide.
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been reported as an inflammatory biomarker. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between NLR on admission and in-hospital all-cause mortality in adult patients with COVID-19.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included a total of 455 COVID-19 patients from Turkey. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was
made according to the World Health Organization’s interim guidance and confirmed by RNA detection of SARS-CoV-2. The NLR
was calculated for each patient.
Results: The NLR on admission was found to be significantly higher in nonsurvivor COVID-19 patients than survivors (12.3 [0.8–
137.3] vs. 3.2 [0.6–79.0], p<0.001). Forward stepwise logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the independent
predictors of in-hospital all-cause mortality of patients with COVID-19. The analysis demonstrated that age [odds ratio (OR)=1.203,
95% confidence interval (CI): 1.027–1.408, p=0.022], NLR (OR=1.261, 95% CI: 1.054–1.509, p=0.011), lactate dehydrogenase level
(OR=1.013, 95% CI: 1.004–1.022, p=0.005), glomerular filtration rate (OR=0.920, 95% CI: 0.853–0.992, p=0.030), alanine transaminase level (OR=1.107, 95% CI: 1.011–1.212, p=0.028), and aspartate transaminase level on admission (OR=0.939, 95% CI: 0.888–
0.993, p=0.027) were independent predictors of in-hospital all-cause mortality of patients with COVID-19. In the receiver operating
characteristic curve analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of the NLR for predicting in-hospital all-cause mortality were found to
be 92% and 53%, respectively, at the cut-off value of 3.
Conclusion: The NLR on admission predicts in-hospital all-cause mortality of patients with COVID-19.
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Objective: Uncontrolled pain with any ICU patient may affect the course of medical applications negatively. Insertion of a
hemodialysis (HD) catheter is a painful process. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of music and massage on
the pain level during hemodialysis catheterization.
Methods: This randomized controlled prospective trial was conducted on 220 patients who were hospitalized between January 2020 and July 2020 due to emergence of HD. Fifty-eight patients were listened to music with headphones while another
58 were hand massaged and another 56 were listened to music during hand massaging, and 50 patients were monitored
without any extra applications.
Results: The average APACHE-2 (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation) score of the patients was 19.57±8.98. The
respiratory rate and heart rate of Music&massage (Mm) group was lower than the starting (p=0.027, p=0.043). There was a
decrease in BPS (Behavioral Pain Scale) of intubated Mm and music group (p=0.001, p= 0000). Considering non-intubated
patients, Mm, only music and only massage groups showed a significant decline in terms of WONG (Wong-Baker faces pain
rating scale) (p=0.000, p=0.001, p=0.000). The Mm group showed that patients were more sedatized in terms of RASS (Richmond Agitation-Sedatation Scale) (p=0.046).
Conclusion: Use of music and massage during HD catheterization in ICU has contributed to improved vital signs and less
pain along with more sedatized patients.
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Purpose: To evaluate the histopathologic changes in the cornea due to topical mitomycin C (MMC) application at various doses and administration periods. Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 35 albino rabbits with a mean age of 6 months. The animals were divided into the 7 groups, each comprising 10 eyes of five rabbits. Five rabbits were used as the control group. Other subjects were divided into the 2 groups according to the application period. The first 3 groups subsequently underwent 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/mL mitomycin C application 6 times at weekly intervals. Groups 4, 5 and 6 underwent MMC application at the same doses 12 times. The control group underwent topical physiologic serum application. After the last treatment, the rabbits were sacrificed and enucleation was performed . Results: Light and electron microscopic examinations of mitomycin C treated animals revealed different histopathologic changes in the corneal epithelium and endothelium according to various doses and administration periods. Discussion: Topical mitomycin C has toxic effects on the cornea related to dose and period and is known to be more toxic, especially in increased doses.. In this study, we identified the most effective dose without side effects. Long-term treatment with MMC at low doses is more advantageous than short-term treatment at high doses.
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Objective: In this study, the primary objective was to compare CD 74 antigen levels between patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and healthy controls. The secondary objective was to investigate the distribution of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) 173 G/C polymorphisms in AS patients and a control group. Finally, it was also aimed to reveal the presence of a relationship between CD 74 antigen levels and MIF 173 G/C polymorphism. Materials and Methods: 82 healthy blood donors and 79 AS patients were enrolled in this study. MIF 173 G/C polymorphism and CD 74 levels were investigated in the patient and control groups using the ELISA method. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index (BASRI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) scores were calculated and recorded. Results: There was no significant difference between the patient and control groups in terms of age, gender, and body mass index. The median CD74 level of the patient group was 1.17 (0.93-2.1), which was significantly lower than that of the control group, i.e. 2.16 (1.6-4.41). There was no correlation between CD 74 antigen levels and BASDAI, BASMI, BASFI, BASRI, VAS and ASQoL scores. The number of patients who had the C allele was higher among the patients with AS in comparison to the control group; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). There was no correlation between genotypes and BASDAI, BASMI, BASFI, BASRI, VAS and ASQoL scores (p>0.05). Comparison of the median CD74 levels of the individuals in the patient group according to their HLA-B27 status and genotypes did not reveal any statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The CD74 antigen levels of the patients with AS were significantly lower compared to the control group. This implies that CD 74 is a parameter that can be used in the diagnosis of AS. Although the C allele among the MIF 173 G/C polymorphisms was more frequently observed in the patient group, the difference was not statistically significant. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between CD 74 antigen levels and polymorphisms.
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Purpose: In our study the diagnostic role of HMGB1 levels measured in serum were investigated in prostatitis and prostate carcinoma diagnosis and in the differential diagnosis of these two diseases. Material Method: Patients followed up for histopathologically verified diagnosis of prostate carcinoma and prostatitis in 20142017 at the Urology Clinic were included. HMGB1 measurement in serum was performed with the ELISA method. Results: A total of 78 subjects were included in the study, consisting of 30 (38.5%) prostatitis patients, 25 (32%) prostate carcinoma patients and 23 (29.5%) healthy subjects. HMGB1 was detected as 11.9±2.6 (Range 6.7-18.4) ng/ml in the prostatitis group, 15.1±4.5 (Range 8.4-24.8) ng/ml in the prostate carcinoma patients and as 9.2±3.1 (Range 4.7-18.7) ng/ml in the control group. The difference between the groups were investigated using the Friedman test as HMGB1 did not show normal distribution. Significant difference was detected between the three groups (p<0.001). When the groups were compared in pair, significant difference was detected between the prostatitis group and the control group (p=0.001). Significant difference was again detected between the prostate carcinoma group and the control group (p<0.001). Significant difference was detected between the prostatitis group and the prostate carcinoma group (p=0.006). Measurement of serum total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) levels were conducted automatically with the electro chemiluminescent method. A moderate level of (r=0.276) but a highly significant (p=0.009) positive correlation was found between PSA and HMGB1. Conclusion: In our study we showed that high PSA and high HMGB1 were highly correlated. HMGB1 measured in serum could be a useful marker in the differentiation of prostatitis and prostate carcinoma, in the early diagnosis of suspected prostate carcinoma and that HMGB1 value was significantly high in prostate carcinoma patients.
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