• ÖZ

Although Tacrolimus (TAC) is a potent and well-tolerated drug, it has some side effects. Melatonin and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) have some protective properties against drug-induced damage. We aimed to evaluate TAC-induced nephrotoxicity and the protective effect of melatonin and MMF against this injury in rats. The animals were divided into five equal groups (n=6): Control group (untreated), group II TAC, group III as the TAC + melatonin, group IV as the TAC + MMF, and group V as the TAC + melatonin + MMF. TAC was applied orally, 2 mg/ kg once daily. Melatonin and MMF were applied orally 10 mg/kg once and 40 mg/kg once daily, respectively. In the TAC group, kidney tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidative status (TOS), interleukin-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were higher, and catalase and total antioxidant status (TAS) levels were lower. Severe histopathologic changes such as glomerular congestion, intertubular hemorrhage, hyaline formation, degenerative-necrotic tubules epithelium, and mononuclear cell infiltration were seen in the TAC group. There was a clear improvement in the groups in which melatonin and MMF were used together with TAC. It was shown that TAC causes nephrotoxicity through oxidative stress. Melatonin and MMF together or separately protect the kidney against oxidative stress damage caused by TAC

• ÖZ

Our study aimed to investigate effect of tocilizumab on the lung tissue in the presence of Acinetobacter baumannii infection in immunosuppressed rats. A forty-eight female Wistar albino rats were divided equally into eight groups: Group 1: Healthy (H), Group 2: Immunosuppressed (IM), Group 3: Healthy rats given A. baumannii bacteria (H+BAC), Group 4: Immunosuppressed rats given A. baumannii bacteria (IM+BAC), Group 5: Healthy rats given tocilizumab (H+TCZ), Group 6: Immunosuppressed rats given tocilizumab (IM+TCZ), Group 7: Healthy rats given A. baumannii bacteria and tocilizumab (H+BAC+TCZ), Group 8: Immunosuppressed rats given tocilizumab and A. baumannii bacteria (IM+BAC+TCZ). Fourteen days after the immunosuppression of group 2, 4, 6 and 8 with hydrocortisone, group 3, 4, 7 and 8 were A. baumannii was dropped into the trachea. One hour after A. baumannii application, TCZ was administered to Groups 5, 6, 7 and 8. NF-κB, IL-6 and NLRP3 mRNA expressions were decreased in the IM group compared to the healthy group (P<0.05). Although NF-κB, IL-6 and NLRP3 mRNA expression decreased in the IM+TCZ group compared to the healthy group (P<0.05) NF-κB, IL-6 and NLRP3 mRNA expression increased in the H+TCZ group (P<0.05). Despite decreasing cytokines, A. baumannii has been shown to increase infection-related lung injury. This suggests that in patients currently or recently using steroids, tocilizumab may increase organ damage due to opportunistic infection.

• ÖZ

n this study, it was aimed to determine the DNA damage using the comet assay, which specifically shows DNA damage in naturally Babesia spp.-infected sheep and to evaluate the damage before and after imidocarb application. Blood samples obtained from 10 infected sheep with positive clinical signs and symptoms of babesiosis and whose diagnosis was confirmed by Giemsa staining and PCR methods, and blood samples from 10 healthy sheep were used as study material. DNA damage was examined by the comet assay from the blood samples of the infected patient group and the control group obtained during the disease and after the treatment, and the results were compared with statistical methods. When DNA damage was examined in sick animals diagnosed with babesiosis, the tail length and the tail moment values were found to be statistically significantly higher than the control group (P<0.001). According to the results obtained after imidocarb application, it was determined that DNA damage and tail moment decreased statistically with imidocarb, and the difference was statistically significant, and the values were higher than the control group (P<0.001). As a result, Babesia infection can cause DNA damage, has been confirmed by the determination of direct DNA damage using the comet assay, and imidocarb given for treatment was successful and reduced the damage.

• ÖZ

Biceps tendon rupture is a rare condition that has been previously reported in athletic animals. In the present case study, biceps tendon rupture was diagnosed in two Beetal goats. Tendon rupture was indicated by performing a biceps test while diagnostic confirmation was achieved by arthrography and ultrasonography. Bicep tendon appeared hyperechoic but it was noted with disruption and swollen (slightly hypoechoic). Moreover, it was moderately in-homogenous fibrillar structure. While some parts of the tendon has normal echo structure. Tenotomy was performed to mitigate the aforementioned rupture. The follow-up of cases were done for six weeks after the surgery, whereby both goats demonstrated complete recovery. Despite the infrequency of biceps tendon rupture in pasture animals, analysis of diagnostic procedures and surgical stabilization was undertaken for its mitigation is imperative for the clinical understanding of the affecion.

• ÖZ

The current study determined the effects of dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) on milk performance, total apparent digestibility, and blood parameters in lactating cows subject to heat stress. Eight Chinese Holstein cows (22.04±2.38 kg of milk/d, 512±76 kg of body weight, 219±20 d in milk) at the late stage of lactation were allocated to group 1 or 2. We used a randomized complete block design with a 2x2 factorial arrangement. The experiment consisted of two periods. Each period lasted 21 days, including the first 14 days for adaptation to the diet and the following seven days for trail. During period 1, group 1 fed with DCAD at 335 mEq/kg dry matter (the basal diet=CON) and group 2 fed 507 mEq/kg dry matter (high DCAD). During period 2, group 1 diet (the basal diet = CON) was swapped group 2 diet (high DCAD). The high DCAD had no significant effects on the respiratory frequency, rectal temperature, blood pH value, the acid-base balance, milk yield, milk composition, and feed intake (P>0.05). However, the high DCAD was associated with lower somatic cell count (SCC) in milk (P=0.04) and lower immune cell counts in blood, which was conducive to the improvement of milk quality. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, energy, neutral detergent fiber, and ethyl extract was greater in the high DCAD group (P<0.05). In summary, increasing DCAD in the diet could stabilize milk production and feed intake, improve milk quality and apparent digestibility in lactating cows subject to heat stress.