Tourism is a system that has social, environmental and economic impacts on a global scale. A system of this size has inevitable consequences. These results, which become a chronic problem especially in the balance of environmental conservation and economic outputs, need to be evaluated from different perspectives. At this point, sustainable tourism is an important approach. Economic gain, balanced resource consumption and consideration of future generations are the core of this approach. The focus of sustainable tourism, which has conceptually different definitions, is concept of generation. Therefore, it is important to reinterpret sustainable tourism in the context of today's generations. Today's young people, called Generation Z (Gen Z), have quite different characteristics from previous generations. As natives of the digital world Gen Z’ers, born and growing in a period of economic crises, wars and environmental problems. This generation is innovative and has a strong communication network. In addition, this new generation, which uses technology extensively and easily accesses information, is an interesting subject of investigation for the applicability of the concept of sustainable tourism. In this study, the diverging and adaptive aspects of the concepts of sustainable tourism and Gen Z are examined and various inferences have been made in the context of today's world.
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Since the COVID-19 pandemic emerged, it has had a noticeable negative impact on many sectors and markets, especially the health sector. Although the large scale consequences have not yet been fully determined, the pandemic; started to change business life, personal priorities and habits. Curfews and encouragement of people not to leave their homes disrupted yachting activities. For this reason, one of the business lines most affected by the pandemic in the world has undoubtedly been the marine tourism sector. In countries with many sub-areas for marine tourism, such as Turkey, also in the yachting business sector has experienced a significant decline compared to last years. In this study; the level of exposure of yacht businesses which daily tour organizer and operating in X Marina where in Antalya the one of the most important and sought-after holiday destinations of Turkey, from the COVID-19 pandemic process has been tried to be revealed. In the study, quantitative research method was used and face to face survey technique was used. The most important limitation of this research is that it has been conducted only on yacht enterprises and daily boat tour operating in a single marina. Research results were analyzed with SPSS package program. In the analysis made, it is understood that especially the entrepreneur boat operators are concerned about the future and they are in a pessimistic picture. They stated that if COVID-19 continues, they can quit entrepreneurship and sell their boats and switch to another line of business.
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Michelin Guide is one of the well known world-recognized restaurant rating systems. This guide gives star symbols to restaurants that meet certain standards. Being a Michelin-starred restaurant in gastronomy sector is very important in terms of prestige. Having a star is becoming a factor that significantly affects customer potential as it means attesting to the flavour and ambience of restaurants. In this research, which measures consumers' perceptions of choosing Michelin restaurants, consumer reviews from Tripadvisor site were evaluated and to understand point of view of chefs and the managers a face to face interview conducted to 9 Michelin restaurants. The purpose of the study is to investigate the reasons that drive consumers to visit Michelin starred restaurants and to understand their perceptions. The research found that consumers are curious about Michelin restaurants, preferring to experience different titles such as food quality, hospitality, service and decoration from other restaurants. In addition, consumers who prefer Michelin restaurants evaluate the service as a whole, and the issues they care about come after the quality of the food.
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The theme of this article focuses on the various (and contradictory) measures to deal with the disastrous consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic, that is, on the one hand, by encouraging the immediate resumption of Tourism leveraged by the current administration of the Federal Government of Brazil (such as a strategy to fight the economic crisis) and by protest actions by representatives of the productive sector of Tourism and, on the other hand, by popular demonstrations by residents of Brazilian tourist destinations, against such a resumption of the activity. So, the central question seems to be: how should national public policies be structured in order to mitigate the appalling negative impacts of the pandemic on the Brazilian economy (especially regarding unemployment and lack of income), without disregarding the fundamental commitment to health security of populations in tourist destinations, in view of the increase in the situation of disseminated contamination? The objective of the research is to analyze the contradictions that have been established between national public policies for the resumption of Tourism (in the fight against the economic crisis resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic) and the growing insecurity of populations in Brazilian tourist destinations in view of the expansion of the situation. of contamination. The theoretical foundation is based on: theories of the sociology of absences and emergencies, by Boaventura dos Santos; Hannah Arendt (2010) about the rise of the social sphere that undermined the original distinction between public and private, with action (praxis) being one of the fundamental human conditions. The theoretical-methodological path taken in the development of the essay is the multiple case study through the analysis of experiences, and the triangulation of speeches through analytical categories. The discussions that open from there permeate conceptual debates on an ethical foundation of public policies, to mitigate the effects of structural crises, and the current impact of the pandemic that devastates the world scenario. And if these are in the field of mitigation or irresponsible promotion, under the commitment to save jobs, opposing ethical attitudes in the exercise of imposing violence of legal authority, and the principles of public discussion on "mutual commitment and common deliberation".
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The paper on public policies, tourism and innovation gave the opportunity to reflect on traditional concepts of public policies, based on the current scenario permeated by changes caused by innovations in different areas. The effort to relate the different theoretical approaches was based on the analysis of two exemplary cases: Portugal and Spain. Both countries have produced innovative public policies regarding tourism management, be they procedural, organizational, marketing, institutional or reverse innovations. The methodology had a qualitative approach, comprising theoretical review and case study. The analysis of the documents was based on the reference on public policy analysis, with attention to the models of institutional and systemic orientation and the cycle of public policies on the possibilities of innovation for tourism, and the vision of democratic innovation. Knowing the historical process and the institutional context inherent to the cases studied allowed a critical look at the Brazilian panorama, considering the challenges and possibilities of the policies for the sector, based on innovation and all stages of the policy cycle.
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How to write a history of public policy? Would there be a (universal) history of public policy? What themes, authors, regions, theoretical currents and epistemological foundations stood out over time? As Vandenberghe teaches us (2009, 2010) a story can be told in many ways: chronological, geographical, nationally ... or by the intellectual epigons and their theoretical schools or epistemological traditions, which they found, or to which they are linked.
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Countries, which are rich in historical, natural, and cultural, are advantageous in terms of tourismcompared to other countries. Cuisines, one of the cultural richness, attracted the attention of tourists inrecent years. With its historical and cultural background, Turkish cuisine has always made itself knownamongst the world's cuisines. Considering the increasing popularity of Turkish cuisine; of foreigntourists coming to Turkey, their thoughts about Turkish cuisine has become extremely important. Theaim of this study is to determine opinions of foreign tourists coming to Cappadocia region of Nevşehirabout Turkish cuisine. In order to determine their decision Word Association Test (WAT) was applied.As a result, Turkish cuisine offers delicious, spicy, various, healthy foods, but is not well-known.
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Collecting and analyzing online tourist reviews on destinations is important for sustainable tourism. These analyses can give insight into the extent to which natural and cultural assets in the destination are protected. These evaluations should be considered by the authorities as objective and realistic assessments. In this study, 4183 TripAdvisor reviews of foreign tourists visiting “Göreme National Park and Cappadocia Rocky Area”, which is listed in the World Heritage Site, were evaluated. The data set consisted of English reviews of foreign tourists visiting the region between the years of 2018 - 2020. Dictionary-based sentiment analysis, one of the text mining methods, was used in the study. According to the analysis results, the positive perceptions of the tourists about the churches, fairy chimneys, valleys and underground cities in the World Heritage Site were found to be significantly high (75%). Negative evaluations were found to be low (33%). In tourist reviews, 63% positive and 10.49% negative evaluations were made about the protection of the region. In addition, the awareness of the tourists about whether the locations they visit are World Heritage Sites was 30.6%. Tourists explained their negative opinions about the locations they visited with the words "extra_payment", "crowded", and "steep". Another finding of the study was that the area is adequately protected. There were, however, some concerns related to protection. The most striking aspects of protection concerns were those in which the words "painted" and "drawn" were used, an important indicator of visitor sensitivity to the protection of frescoes in rock churches. Since the destruction of natural and cultural assets in the region is unacceptable, recommendations are made to take the necessary measures to prevent such damage.
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Technology has become an integral part of daily life. Although developments in the digital world offermany advantages to users, researches show that the use of smart devices is rapidly turning towards akind of an addiction (digital addiction) in every field. In such unwanted situations, people try to applya kind of a purification program by staying away from technological devices for a certain period of timewith "Digital Detox". Transferring the need for digital detox to people’s holiday experience and thusproviding a kind of a technological purification during the holiday periods can be called “Digital DetoxTourism”. Digital detox tourism, which is against post-modernism, attracts attention as a type oftourism preferred by individuals who seek diversity and have different expectations,especially those whowant to stay out of intensive technology-based tourism activities. Perceived as fairly new concept inliterature that has emerged as a result of the changing tourists expectations, establishing the theoreticalinfrastructure of digital detox tourism on the axis of post-modernism, evaluating the factors that causedthe emergence of digital detox tourism, examining the factors that drive people to digital detox tourismand examination of theoretical and practical work about digital detox tourism; constitute the aim of thisstudy. This study is aimed at researchers and target marketing organizations as it offers valuableconclusions that help better understand the emotions of individuals who are involved in or are avoidingdigital detox tourism. Understanding what triggers positive and negative emotions of individuals isthought to help service providers develop their products and marketing strategies.
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Food tourism is defined as a journey to a destination in order to discover a culture through its food. Special segments of culinary tourism have emerged during the last decades to valorize local products and drinks and award tourism value to food. This is the case of cheese tourism, which has been recently studied with increasing management and marketing implications. In this sense, planning and development of food-based marketing strategies represent a key factor towards the success of a niche tourism. In particular, this paper investigates the process of marketing cheese tourism in social media. Drawing on a visual content analysis focused on Instagram, the research analyses the virtual storytelling of Manchego cheese. Results showcase how cheese is communicated to audiences and reveal the potential of social media to create a cheese-based narrative. Both theoretical and practical implications of the study are described.
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