Many studies have been conducted on medicinal aromatic plants in recent years. Alternative medicine particularly comes to the fore as an alternative to the use of synthetic agents. The antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral effects of phenolic compounds, especially in the structure of aromatic plants, are known. Among those well-known aromatic plants, Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) is known to contain a large amount of phenolic compounds. In our study, by taking these effects of phenolic compounds into consideration, the effectiveness of pennyroyal on antioxidant parameters and Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and that has many important functions in the organism, was evaluated. A total of 15 New Zealand rabbits were used in the study. The animals were divided into three experimental groups with 5 rabbits in each group. While no Pennyroyal was added to the control group, 0,1% and 0,2% were added to the diets for the other groups. All groups were fed ad-libitum. On the 14th day of the experiment, serum ACE2, GSH and MDA levels were determined with blood taken from the ears of the rabbits. According to the analysis results, while a decrease in ACE2 and MDA levels was determined in the groups which were given 0,1% and 0,2% Pennyroyal compared to the control group, a significant increase was observed in the GSH level. As a result, determined the antioxidant effect of Pennyroyal as well as the effect of decreasing the serum ACE2 level.
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Bu çalışmada, Türk salyangozu (Helix lucorum Linneaus, 1758) için sıcaklık değerlerinin kritik sınırlarda olduğu estivasyon (yaz uykusu) döneminde, beyaz ve siyah kabuk renginin canlı ağırlığa olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Helix lucorum’un kabukları estivasyon başlangıcında siyah ve beyaza boyanarak, biri kontrol grubu olmak üzere beyaz boyalı, siyah boyalı ve doğal renginde olan üçer tekerrürlü üç grup oluşturulmuştur. Her grup için 20 adet salyangoz planlanmış ve toplamda 180 adet H. lucorum kullanılmıştır. Estivasyon döneminde hipometabolizmik davranış Prosedürü; estivasyona giriş, estivasyon dönemi ve estivasyondan çıkış olmak üzere üç aşamada değerlendirilmiştir. Estivasyon döneminde siyah renge boyalı salyangozların çoğunluğu toprak alanı, beyaz renkte olanlar penin cam yüzeyinde ve kontrol grubundakiler toprak alan ve cam yüzeyde sabitlenmeyi tercih etmişlerdir. Estivasyon dönemi sonunda siyah boyalı grup %40 oranında 1.gün yaz uykusundan uyanmıştır. Bu süreci 4.günde %100 uyanışla siyah boyalı grup tamamlamıştır. Beyaz renge boyalı grup 10.günde, kontrol grubu ise 5.günde tamamen uyanmıştır. Estivasyon çıkışında en yüksek yaşama oranı beyaz boyalı grupta (%98) tespit edilmiştir. Siyah renge boyanan salyangozların üç aylık estivasyon sürecinde, bireylerin aktivasyon öncesi ve sonrası ağırlık ölçüm değerlerinde istatistiki olarak çok önemli farklılıklar (p<0.05) tespit edilmiştir. Estivasyon başlangıç ve bitiş kabuk ölçüm değerleri karşılaştırıldığında (yükseklik ve genişlik) istatistiksel bir farklılık görülmemiştir. Siyah renge boyanan bireylerin canlı ağırlık kaybı estivasyon dönemi sonunda %24,59 oranında tespit edilmiştir. Estivasyon sürecinde beyaz rengin, siyah boyalı renge ve boyalı olmayan kontrol grubuna göre avantajlı bir oranda (%6.18) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Estivasyon sürecinde yüksek ısı emiliminin koyu renkli kabukta daha fazla olması nedeniyle, açık rengin bu kara salyangozu için avantajlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma, salyangoz yetiştiriciliğinde spesifik büyüme açısından oldukça önemli olup, salyangoz kültür yöntemlerinin oluşturulmasına ışık tutacaktır.
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During the past several years, microbial resistance to common antibiotics has continually increased, and this growing resistance threatens the effective treatment of bacterial infections. Thus, there is increased research on novel drugs like seaweeds. In this study, crude extracts of three seaweeds (Ulva clathrate, Ulva lactuca and Ulva compressa) were obtained with a Soxhlet extraction apparatus. Evaluation of antimicrobial efficiency was carried out using well diffusion method and microdilution method (MIC) at different concentrations (100-0.195mg/ml) for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The green seaweed extracts produced inhibition zones ranging from 7 to 12.5 mm. Methanol extracts produced the strongest inhibitory activity against the tested bacterial species. Overall, this study provides data on the potential use of algal extracts for the development of antimicrobial agents to treat infectious diseases.
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Antimicrobial resistance – the capability of microorganisms to resist antimicrobial agents – has been stated as a major concern for public health. The increase in spread of multi- and pan-resistant bacteria which are not treatable with present antimicrobials has brought the need for the use of alternative products. Vinegar is a natural product- produced from alcoholic fermentation- that has shown strong antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic content and antiradical activity of the commercial grape and apple vinegar as well as to evaluate their antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Grape vinegar showed higher total acidity and total phenolic content, and lower antiradical activity (DPPH activity) compared to apple vinegar. The populations of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were significantly reduced by neat grape and apple vinegar samples. The antibacterial activity of grape vinegar was superior to apple vinegar. While AV and GV samples at 50% concentration did not form a visible zone of inhibition against S. aureus, they showed an inhibitory effect against P. aeruginosa (16.24 mm for GV and 16.5 for AV). The vinegar applied at the lowest concentration (25%) did not show any antibacterial effect on either bacterium. Solutions containing 50% to 6.25% vinegar samples prevented almost 100% biofilm formation in both bacteria. However, solutions containing lower amounts of vinegar showed stronger inhibition of biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa. A positive correlation was found between the biofilm reducing ability of vinegar samples and their antibacterial activity in this study. Taken together, commercial grape and apple vinegar significantly reduced the viability of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, thereby decreasing biofilm formation.
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The last decades saw a significant increase in the number of infectious disease outbreaks while current economic systems put pressure on the environment and wildlife is being destructed, leading to species to live closer to each another and humans. These zoonoses cause loss of life and threaten economic development and the integrity of the ecosystems. The recent COVID-19 is a significant example of this situation with a dramatic loss of human life, devastating economies and causing social disruption. The COVID-19 pandemic has also threatened food security, putting millions of people at risk of hunger, disrupted food, and feed supply routes, put pressure on livestock industries, led to a decrease in world meat production, caused trade restrictions, changed consumer habits, affected animal health and animal welfare. In this study, the main drivers of zoonoses, socio-economic impacts of these zoonoses with an emphasis on the COVID-19 pandemic and the necessary actions that need to be taken to prevent further epidemics/pandemics have been discussed in the context of “One Health” approach.
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In this study, the relationships between the weight, volume and specific gravity of eggs are revealed by calculating egg's volume and specific gravity depending on the weight of the egg, breadth and length, which are only three variables, with mathematical equations. Eggs to three goose genotypes, Grey China, Linda and Native geese from Aksaray region taken from six breeders were used. Eggs (n=481) were weighed and Length, Breadth measurements made with a precision of 0.01 mm. Average weights in genotypes from large to small in Linda, Native and Chinese geese were detected as; 165.9, 137.2 and 131.1 g, respectively, and the average egg volume was found as; 152.0, 126.0 and 120.3 cm3, respectively. Specific gravity from large to small in Linda, China and Native has occurred as; 1.092, 1.091 and 1.089 g/cm3. Egg volume was calculated with mathematical equations and results were close to real, and accordingly the calculated Specific gravity was also detected to be realistic. These results were obtained easily by only three variables, egg weight, and Length and Breadth values. This method can pave the way to obtain a lot of information about the egg with Specific gravity.
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Bu çalışmada kurt göz kapakları ve kulağının innervasyonunu sağlayan sinirlerden birisi olan n. auriculopalpebralis’in seyri ve dallanmasının tespiti amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla 5 adet kurt kafatası kullanılmıştır. Materyaller öncelikle %10’luk formaldehitte tespit edilmiş ve diseksiyonları yapıldıktan sonra makroanatomik olarak incelenmiştir. Yapılan incelemede n. auriculopalpebralis’in beyinden çıkan cranial sinirlerden birisi olan n. facialis’in (7. çift beyin siniri) bir dalı olduğu tespit edildi. Nervus auriculopalpebralis’in, mandibula’nın caudal kenarı yakınında n. facialis’in dorsal kenarından tek bir dal halinde çıktığı ve daha sonra porus acusticus externus’un cranioventral’inde n. auricularis rostralis ve r. zygomaticus adlı iki dala ayrılarak sonlandığı belirlendi. Çalışmanın sonucunda N. auricularis rostralis’in, mm. auricularis rostralis ile çevre bölgenin derisini innerve ederken, r. zygomaticus’un alt ve üst göz kapağı ile m. orbicularis oculi ve m. corrugator supercilii’yi innerve ettiği gözlendi.
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Splenic masses, the majority of which are formed by hemangiosarcomas, are frequently observed in dogs of older age compared to other species and ages. A 11-year-old nonneutered male Beagle was admitted to the hospital with the complaints of abdominal distension with non-specific findings such as anorexia, stagnation, and weight loss. Severe abdominal distension with pallor of mucous membranes on clinical examinations; leukocytosis with anemia in the hemogram; high BUN and creatinine levels and a significant increase in liver enzymes in serum biochemistry were determined. In the microscopic examination of the aspirate taken by fine needle aspiration of the splenic mass which determined during ultrasonographic examination, a large number of pleomorphic, multinuclear neoplastic cells with eccentric nuclei, and different amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm were detected. In this case report, in cases of limitations where biopsy or laparotomy could not be performed due to conditions such as the vascular structure of the mass or patient's disapproval; it was demonstrated that mass presence determined by ultrasonographic examination and the number of infiltrating mast cells determined by microscopic examination of the aspirate taken by fine needle aspiration can provide information in determining the benign or malignant character of the mass.
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An adult dog were evaluated for treatment loss of consciousness, convulsions, and severe tremors after ingestion of xylitol, a sugar alcohol used as a sweetener in various products. Clinical findings were noted as loss of consciousness, convulsions, and severe tremors, while physio-pathological findings included moderately to severely elevated serum activities of liver enzymes, hypoglycaemia and hypophosphatemia. To correct hypoglycaemia, dextrose was administered intravenously and to provide electrolyte homeostasis Izolen P was administered intravenously. Also, Milk Thistle (Silymarin) & Beta Glucan Complex, Hepatiale Forte Advanced (S-adenosylmethionine), Evicap (Vit E) and Asist (acetylcysteine) were used to correct acute liver damage. Values measured after the applied treatments showed that blood glucose levels and liver enzymes returned to normal, and the patient was discharged. Xylitol causes hypoglycaemia and acute liver damage in dogs after ingestion. As a growing number of products contain xylitol, clinicians should be aware that ingestion of xylitol could have life-threatening effects. This case report also carries the distinction of being the first xylitol toxicity reported in dogs in Turkey.
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Western Blot tekniği, herhangi bir örnekten istenen tek bir proteini özgün bir şekilde saptamak için moleküler biyolojide kullanılan eski ve güvenilir bir yöntemdir. Proteinlerin uyaranlara karşı verdiği yanıtların araştırılmasında, protein ifadesinin var-yok ya da artmış-azalmış olarak değerlendirilmesinde, hücre spesifik protein izoformlarının belirlenmesinde, genetik hastalıkların ortaya çıkışından sorumlu proteinlerin belirlenmesinde sıklıkla kullanılan bir metottur. Yapılan bu derlemede, Western Blot tekniğinin prensibi, protokolü ve virolojide kullanımı hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.
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