• ÖZ

This study was conducted to determine adolescents‟ habits of consumption of energy drinks and supplementary foods and to evaluate the results using an ecological approach.This study was conducted with 1084 adolescents between December 2016 and June 2017 in a city center to determine adolescents‟ habits of consumption of energy drinks and supplementary foods and to evaluate the results using an ecological approach. Data were collected using a self-questionaired form prepared by the researchers. Male adolescents consumed more sports drinks, energy drinks and protein powders than girls (p < .001). Female students were more unable to stop themselves while they were eating compared to male students. Parental continuous dieting was associated with adolescent energy consumption (OR = 0.64, p = .038) and adverse drug use (OR = 6.28, p = .002) (OR = 2.85, p = .008). To criticise continually due to past mistakesrelated to energy consumption (OR = 0.43, p < .05), parental desire to know their adolescent‟s friends was found to be related to drug use (OR = 0.11, p < .001) to lose weight. Additionally, we found that depression was related to smoking (OR = 4.05, p < .001). The unconscious use of energy drinks and supplements is increasing rapidly and the effect on the body is unknown.

• ÖZ

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early (at the first admission to the emergency room) blood glucose, C-reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte (WBC) levels and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in patients with pediatric isolated head injury (IHI) and to reveal their effects on prognosis in the emergency department.The data of 74 patients with IHI under the age of 18 and over the age of 2, admitted to Kars Harakani State Hospital Emergency Department between 2016 and 2019, were obtained from the hospital information system and analyzed retrospectively. It was reported that 54 of our patients were boys and 20 were girls. Concerning injury etiology, it was determined that 21.6% were exposed to head injury due to a traffic accident, 59.4% due to falling, 9.5% due to battery, and the same percentage due to a foreign body hit on the head. According to the severity of brain damage, 65 patients with the GCS score above eight and 9 patients with the GCS score below and equal to eight were identified. While a significant negative correlation was found between the GCS scores and blood glucose and WBC levels of our patients, the difference between the CRP levels was found to be insignificant. In children with pediatric IHI, a negative correlation was found between increased blood glucose and WBC levels and GCS score in the early period in predicting the severity of damage in addition to computerized brain tomography (CBT), and it was associated with poor prognosis in the emergency department.

• ÖZ

In our study, the purpose was to investigate the preoperative evaluations and indications of hospitalization of patients projected to be followed-up in postoperative Intensive Care Unit (ICU).A total of 77 patients who were projected to need ICU in the postoperative period and referred to postoperative ICU peroperatively as a result of preoperative evaluations for one year, were included in the study. The age, gender, ASA, type of surgery (elective/emergency), anesthesia method, postoperative stay in postoperative Intensive Care Unit and results (discharge/exitus) of the patients were recorded.In preoperative evaluation, it was determined that a total of 12.5% of patients projected to be hospitalized in postoperative ICU were referred to postoperative services. It was determined that 89.6% of patients were ASA III-V, 24.7% had malignancy, and 49.4% were operated urgently. As the indication of hospitalization at ICU, follow-up with monitoring was detected at 57.1%, hemodynamic instability at 27.3%, respiratory failure at 11.7%, and peroperative complications at 3.9%. While 92.5% of our patients were discharged with cure, 4.5% were exitus, and 3% were referred to another center. It was determined that our patients with postoperative ICU indications were elderly, male, and ASA III and above. The need for postoperative monitoring and hemodynamic instability were observed to be the most common indications for hospitalization. It was revealed that our hospital needed intermediary intensive care for the effective use of ICU capacities and optimum postoperative patient care.

• ÖZ

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the air and bone conductance rates in audiogram between healthy individuals and the patients having pseudoexfoliation (PEX). Patients with evidence of ocular PEX and controls were included in the study. Air conduction hearing thresholds (minimal perceptible sounds) were determined at frequencies of 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 Hz and bone conduction hearing thresholds were determined at frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz for each ear. At these frequencies, air and bone conductance rates in audiogram were measured for patients with PEX and control group to analyze the relation between conductance rates and PEX cases.86 participants were enrolled in this case-control study, in which 40 of them having PEX. The acquired results showed that the PEX group displayed significantly higher hearing tresholds in air conductance compared with control subjects a t frequencies of 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz, but not at frequencies of 6000, 8000 Hz. Similar results were obtained in bone conduction thresholds as well, in terms of the tendency of decreasing significance level between the groups in higher frequencies. In our study, we have shown that there is a statistically significant sensorineural hearing loss in PEX patients comparing age control subjects. These findings are more significant in lower frequencies, and the significance level is decreased toward the higher frequencies. Based on these findings, we speculate that endolymphatic pressure increase could have a role in the pathogenesis of PEX related sensorineural hearing loss.

• ÖZ

Non-ST elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) diagnosis is difficult when the electrocardiography (ECG) normal and troponin parameters are slightly higher than the normal reference range. This study aimed to assess the IMA (ischemia modified albumin), MDA (malondialdehyde), SOD (superoxide dismutase), and catalase in patients with NSTEMI.The present study included 55 patients with NSTEMI and 55 healthy subjects prospectively. IMA, MDA, SOD, and catalase levels were measured from venous blood obtained from each patient within twelve hours after the onset of symptoms. Differences between the two groups were evaluated with Student's unpaired t-test for parameters with a normal distribution. IMA (3.14 ± 0.06 vs. 1.49 ± 0.03) and MDA (3.14 ± 0.06 vs. 1.49 ± 0.03) were higher, and SOD (1.10 ± 0.03 vs. 2.31 ± 0.02) and catalase (0.54 ± 0.02) vs. 0.22 ± 0.02) were lower in NSTEMI patients than control subjects. There was a significant correlation among IMA, MDA, SOD and catalase. Our data reveal that levels of MDA and IMA were increased, and SOD and catalase levels were decreased significantly in patients with NSTEMI. Blood concentrations of oxidant and antioxidant parameters could assess the oxidative state in patients with NSTEMI