Global warming is one of the most important problems in the world due to its effects not only onhuman life but also on agricultural products and food safety, sustainability, and water resources. Thepresent study aims to investigate the influence of climatic changes on olive cultivation in North-WestTurkey for the next 50 years. In this context, the data were collected from 182 coordinates in olivecultivation areas in Çanakkale which is situated at the intersection of the Euro-Asian region. The datawere analysed using MaxEnt software to determine the projection of olive cultivation for the next 50years. The results show that the optimistic scenario is (representative concentration pathways) RCP2.6 (2070) while the pessimistic scenario is RCP 8.5 (2070) for Çanakkale olive cultivation. When theresults were compared with the current conditions of Çanakkale, the RCP 2.6 scenario indicated thatpotential olive cultivation areas would mostly be protected. On the other hand, according to the worstscenario, these areas would decrease in size. All of the scenarios, however, show that olive cultivationareas will spread towards the mountainous areas of Çanakkale. Additionally, total olive cultivationareas in Çanakkale will increase depending on climatic changes in 2070. In conclusion, even ifclimatic changes may lead to an increase olive production yield, their effects on olive and olive oilquality are unknown.
|
Ammonium Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate (APDTC) is an inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κB).Beside of these function, its antitumoral, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antiviral properties andalso apoptosis inhibiting effect in smooth muscle cells were determined. Our experiments aimed toinvestigate the mechanism of action of APDTC on rat aortic smooth muscle. Some adrenergic andcholinergic receptors, l-type Ca2+ channels and K+channels were blocked in 7 different groups, andtherefore the action mechanism of APDTC whether is used or not on which channels and receptorsand the extent to which they are effective were aimed to be determined. The contraction-relaxationresponses after the administration of APDTC, atropine, phentolamine, propranolol, nifedipine,tetraethylammonium (TEA) and mix (atropine+phentolamine+propranolol) on living state controlledwith potassium chloride (KCl) and blocked nitric oxide (NO) synthesis with l-ng-nitro arginine methylester (L-NAME) in the pre-contraction-induced aortic preparations with phenylephrine wereinvestigated. The obtained data were evaluated by kruskal wallis and mann-whitney u tests. APDTCcreated the relaxation response in the aortic smooth muscle. Cholinergic receptor blocker atropine, αadrenergic receptor blocker fentolamine, β-adrenergic receptor blocker propranolol, l-type calciumchannel blocker nifedipine and potassium channel blocker TEA did not alter the relaxation response ofAPDTC. In the mix group consisting of atropine+phentolamine+propranolol, APDTC created asignificant contraction response. It has been determined that APDTC can be effective on thesesystems via different mechanisms.
|
Keeping product temperatures homogeneous is an important problem in defrosted industrial coolers.In this study, it is aimed to obtain findings that will shed light on researchers and producers byanalyzing the defrosting process of the industrial cooler. For these reasons, the system was designedusing R290 (propane), a new generation refrigerant with a single evaporator, double condenser anddouble compressor, in order to ensure homogeneous cooling. By keeping the cooled products in therange of – 1 ℃ and +5 ℃ as required by the standard, during the experiment, temperature-pressuremeasurements of the refrigerated products and cooling system equipment were taken from certainpoints every minute and test data were recorded. The average temperature and relative humidityvalues measured minute of the environment where the experimental setup is located was calculated as25℃ ±1℃ and 60% ±0.02%, respectively. During the experiment, eight defrost operations wereperformed, and it was observed that the average temperature values taken from the products during the24 hours during defrosting changed to 3.07℃. During the experiment, the highest and lowesttemperatures of the cooled products were measured as 4.22℃ and 2.02℃. Increased producttemperatures and cooling stopped during defrosting increased the power consumption in the system.In order to observe the effect of the power consumption on system performance, COP values aftereach defrost time were calculated as 2.31, 2.30, 2.29, 2.60, 3.36, 3.29, 3.30, 3.49, respectively. Whenthe defrost process of cooling system analyzed, it was seen that the products were successfully cooledat desired temperature ranges in the scope of TS EN ISO 23953-2.
|
This article presents an evaluation of the power-voltage (P-V) and I-V characteristics of PV cells afterexposure to artificial dust spraying. The dusted cells and other clean cells have been to the tested,exposed to five different radiation ranges, and used a solar simulator. In the experiment, a solarsimulator analyzer was used to define the PVs' electrical performance, meantime a SandblastingCabinet and Atomic Force Microscope were used to inspect the properties abrasive of the dust on thecells. A significant reduction in both I-V and P-V properties was observed when dust accumulation onthe surface of photovoltaic solar cells was compared to the same parameters of the clean cells. Theaverage yield loss rate of solar cells exposed to dust spraying has decreased by 5-25% compared toclean cells, considering the inclination angle of the cells.
|
One of the factors that make coal mining difficult is the spontaneous combustion of coal. Spontaneouscombustion including various parameters is not only met in underground mining, but also in surfacemining, stockyards and long-distance transport of coal by land and sea. This event, which threatenedthe occupational safety in mines, has effects of causing loss of lives and defecting human health. Inmining enterprises, it causes production losses along with economic losses. It is a serious matter thatrequires good planning and supervision in order not to cause irreversible damages. Spontaneouscombustion of coals develops depending on internal, environmental factors and production methods.In order to eliminate the problems caused by spontaneous combustion, the spontaneous combustionconditions of coals must be determined and classified beforehand. In this study, spontaneouscombustion tendencies of Soma Region coals were generally determined with samples taken fromIşıklar Colliery, İmbat Mining and Eynez Colliery of Demir Export. Using the crossing point method,a total of 30 experiments were carried out with 10 samples taken from each colliery to find out the riskof spontaneous combustion of the Soma Region coals. Based on the values obtained, it has beendetermined that the coals of the Soma Region have a "high" tendency to spontaneous combustion.
|
In this study, the effects of initial pH (3, 5, 7, 9) and current density (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175,200 A/m2) on the removal of Al3+, Co2+, Cr6+and Zn2+ions from metal processing wastewater byelectrocoagulation method were examined. Iron and stainless steel electrodes were used as anode andcathode materials. All of the removal efficiencies were insignificant at the initial pH value of 1.32. Asthe initial pH values were increased the removal efficiencies increased in all stages of the experiments.With increasing the pH from 3 to 9, removal efficiencies increased from 67.4% to 99.2% for Al, from18.1% to 99.7% for Co, and from 36.6% to 99.9% for Zn, while removal efficiencies for Cr were over99% for each pH. Although the inital concentration of Co was relatively low, it was only removedwith over 99% efficiency at long electrocoagulation times or at relatively high final pH values. Asimilar trend was determined for Zn, but this case was explained by a relatively high concentration ofZn. While the maximum removal efficiency was achieved with a current density of 50 A/m2for Cr,the efficiency increases were more obvious with increasing current density for Al, Co, and Zn.
|
The effect of telomeres on aging and cancer is very important. Telomere is a necessary structure forthe continuous preliferation of human cells and is vital for most cancer cells. Telomeric structureslocated at the ends of the chromosomes consist of TTAGGG repeat units. Telomere terminaltransferase is the enzyme responsible for telomere synthesis. It is also a large enzyme complex.Reverse transcriptase provides activation by strengthening the wearing parts after high telomere loss.In addition, it has been suggested that there are cancer cells that do not have telomerase activity butare able to extend the length of telomeres. In the timeframe of cellular division, telomerase enzymecan repair these errors if telomere sequences are lost. In cases where it is not repaired, the protectionof these areas is eliminated. Thus, shortening occurs at the ends of the chromosomes. It has beenresearched by scientists that this shortening causes cellular aging. Reverse transcriptase enzyme hasbeen reported to cause tumorigenic transformation of human epithelial cells and fibroblasts bycooperating with a number of oncogenes and suppressing several tumor suppressor genes. Studies ontelomere shortening prove that this enzyme can have a strong effect in the treatment of cancer and isan important development for many patients who are expecting hope. Studies conducted in recentyears are among the ideas that the structures and telomerase activity of telomere regions play an activerole in cell aging and cancer formation. In the light of all these data, there is not a complete solution ofaging, but studies are still ongoing today and major steps have been taken regarding cancer treatment.In this review, the definition of telomeres, their purpose, measurement methods and current studies aregiven.
|
Ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), the specific inhibitor of NF-κB, is a thiol compoundwith anti-viral, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects proven in many studies.There is not sufficient literature in what fashion that APDTC has produced these effects. We aimed toinvestigate the action mechanism of APDTC in rat bladder smooth muscle in our vitro study. In ourstudy, 70 Wistar albino male rats were used. The rats were euthanized by cervical dislocation underthe anesthesia and then abdomens were opened and bladders were isolated. After the removal of theconnective tissues around the bladders, they were placed in the organ bath containing Krebs solution.KCl, ACh, APDTC, Atropine, Phentolamine, Propranolol, Nifedipine and TEA were applied to thebath with an appropriate protocol. The obtained data were evaluated with Kruskal Wallis and MannWhitney U tests. ACh induced bladder produced APDTC relaxation response in its own smoothmuscle. Cholinergic receptor blocker Atropine, β-adrenergic receptor blocker Propranolol, L-typecalcium channel blocker Nifedipine and atropine+phentolamine+propranolol mix have not changedthe relaxation response that APDTC produced. In the presence of potassium channel blocker TEA,APDTC produced contraction response, but this was not a significantly important grade response. Inthe presence of α-adrenergic receptor blocker Phentolamine, APDTC produced significant contractileresponse. As a result, we think that APDTC shows its effect on rat bladder smooth muscle via αadrenergic receptors and NANK system.
|
In this study, DNA damage was examined in blood samples taken from Cyprinus carpio betweenOctober 2019 and December 2019. The aim of this study is to determine single strand breaks in DNAby single cell gel electrophoresis (comet analysis). Different concentrations of Methyl methanesulfonate(MMS) was applied in vitro conditions and pollution of lake was evaluated on a cell basis. DNAdamage was found to be less than the concentrations of MMS applied in October 2019. In December2019, DNA damage was found to be less than on the basis of cells compared to different concentrationsof MMS. Average Arbitrary Units (AAU) was calculated. Accordingly, the samples taken in October2019 AAU values were obtained 1,4044±0,2725, after MMS application the results were between2,38±1,1637 and 2,824444±0,6556. And in December 2019, AAU values in blood samples were foundto be between 298278±0,2213, and MMS values between 2,35±0,8381 and 2,884167±0,657. Comethead and tail lengths were calculated from the comet images obtained from the comet parameters.Comet tail lengths were determined as 15.784 ± 6.97 µm in October 2019 and 10.899 ± 4.75 µm inDecember 2019. The data obtained from results, there is not much DNA damage of C. carpio in IşıklıLake. As a result Cyprinus carpio is an efficient organism to evaluate genotoxicity of environmentalpollution and the pollution in Işıklı Lake is not at critical level.
|
This work is concerned with the spectral, Euclid norms of Toeplitz matrices with generalized 𝑘-Jacobsthal and k- Jacobsthal Lucas entries. 𝑘- Jacobsthal and k- Jacobsthal Lucas sequences are twogeneralizations of two very popular special integer sequences called Jacobsthal and Jacobsthal Lucassequences. Upper and lower bounds for the spectral norms of these matrices, that is, the matrices ofthe forms 𝐴 = 𝑇 (𝑗𝑘,0,𝑗𝑘,1, … ,𝑗𝑘,𝑛−1 ) and 𝐵 = 𝑇 (𝑐𝑘,0, 𝑐𝑘,1, … , 𝑐𝑘,𝑛−1 ) are obtained. The upperbounds for the Euclidean and spectral norms of Kronecker and Hadamard product matrices of Toeplitzmatrices with k-Jacobsthal and the k- Jacobsthal Lucas numbers are computed.
|
