The aim of this study is to examine relationship between irrational relationship beliefs, cognitive flexibility and differentiation of self. The data were gathered due to this purposefrom 1139 young adults consisted of 728 female and 411 male. Collected data were analyzed by Spearman Moments Correlation, Linear Regression, independent two samples t-test and one way ANOVA. Pursuant to results there are statistically significant relations between irrational relationship beliefs, cognitive flexibility and differentiation of self. Besides that, independent variables predict dependent variable significantly, independent variables explain% 20 of the variance according to regression results. Irrational relationship beliefs and differentiation of self differ significantly in term of age and gender but cognitive flexibility has no difference in term of age and gender. According to findings, young adults with high-level of differentiation of self and cognitive flexibility may have less irrational beliefs in their romatic relationships. Findings were discussed and interpreted in the light of literature.
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Life satisfaction is one of the most basic goals of human beings. Covering all aspects of life satisfaction, the main dynamic and source of life motivation will be a key to human happiness. There are several factors affecting life satisfaction. This particular study probed how altruistic behaviors affect life satisfaction and how cognitive flexibility mediates the relationship between these two variables. A total of 559 undergraduate students aged between 18 and 36 (M = 21) studying at six different faculties participated in the study. The research data were collected through the scales of life satisfaction, cognitive flexibility and altruism measurement. The findings indicated that altruism is an important predictor of cognitive flexibility and life satisfaction and that cognitive flexibility is an important predictor of life satisfaction. It was also found that cognitive flexibility mediates the influence of altruism on young adult’s life satisfaction. The study concludes that students should be encouraged to exhibit altruistic behaviors to achieve life satisfaction. More importantly, it is believed that improving students’ flexible thinking skills as well as altruistic behaviors will increase their life satisfaction.
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This study aimed to examine how the learning outcomes set in the mother tongue teaching curricula are distributed across the thinking skills they are intended to develop and in which contexts these thinking skills are addressed in the curriculum. In this study employed the document analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods.The scope of the study consists of the language development learning outcomes stated in the pre-school curriculum which has been in effect since 2013 and in Turkish and Turkish Language and Literature curricula that became effective in 2018; thus, a total of 625 learning outcomes. The study conducted an intense data analysis process consisted of seven stages, including repeated reading, coding, and continuous comparison. The results of the study showed that the learning outcomes set in the mother tongue teaching curricula aim to develop 16 different thinking skills.Distinguishing seems to be the thinking skill aimed to be developed the most by the learning outcomes in the mother tongue teaching curricula. The questioning, decision making, comparing, synthesising, problem-solving, and adapting skills seem to be not much emphasized in the curricula.
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EMDR is an intervention technique mainly used in psychological trauma cases. In this study, the case study of qualitative research methods has been used; the aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing(EMDR) technique in PTSD of the earthquake. Eight-stage EMDR interventionhas been implemented in the presented case. In order to investigate the effectiveness of EMDR intervention quantitatively related to the traumatic symptoms of the client and to determine the difference between the pre-test and post-test scores, “Post-TraumaticStress SymptomsScale” has been used. In the presented case after the EMDR intervention, it has been observed that the client’s both the anxiety and fear levels have been decreased as well as the dysfunctional thoughts about the earthquake have been disappeared and the PTSD symptoms have been greatly reduced. According to Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms Scale scores it has been observed that there are differences between the scores of subscales as “intrusivethoughts”, “physiological arousal” and “cognitiveavoidance”. Based on the case presented in this study, it can be said that EMDR may be a short-term and effective intervention in PTSD cases caused by the trauma of natural disasters such as earthquakes.
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Teachers are accepted as key factors for the success of change initiatives during educational reforms. Thus, the importance of teacher empowerment at the stages of change is emphasized. However, there is lack of research dealing with the teacher empowerment on their attitudes towards change and its role in change. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to reveal the possible relationship between psychological empowerment and being ready for individual change for teachers. Correlational study design was used. The study group consists of 517 teachers at primary, secondary and high schools selected via cluster and convenience sampling methods. It has been found through multiple linear regression analysis that sub-dimensions of psychological empowerment (meaning, impact, competence and self-determination) predict teachers’ cognitive, emotional and intentional readiness for change significantly. However, it has been revealed that self-determination and competence for cognitive readiness; self-determination for emotional readiness; self-determination, competence and impact for intentional readiness are found to be significant predictors. These results were discussed in terms of theories of self-determination and self-efficacy and some suggestions were made for the Turkish education system in practice.
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The aim of this research is to study Nurettin Topçu's approach to education by comparing it with current educational practices and 2023 Education Vision. The data were collected through document analysis from sources which Topçu wrote on education to reveal his approach to education; from official documents reflecting the current situation and revealing the vision of the Turkish Education System in order to put forward the current situation of the National Education and its targets for the future. Descriptive analysis was used in the analysis of the collected data. In the study, considering the stages of descriptive analysis, education philosophy, education, teaching profession, student, school, higher education, curriculum, assessment and evaluation, values education and technology themes were created; the resources within the scope of the research were examined within the framework of these themes, the data obtained were identified and supported with direct quotations; the data were interpreted depending on the original form of the collected data. In the study, it was concluded that Topçu's approach of education, student, values education is similar to the education approach in practice and 2023 Education Vision. At the end of the research, suggestions were made to improve the quality of education system.
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The aim of this study is to develop the Turkish Language Exposure Scale for individuals who are learning Turkish as a foreign or second language. Within this scope, the data were collected from 153 learners for exploratory factor analysis and 182 individuals for confirmatory factor analysis. The initial form, with 21-items, was constructed based on literature review and experts’ judgements. The exploratoryfactor analysis results showed that the scale consisted of three factors and 17 items. The total explained variance of the scale was 51.545%. The first factor explained 34.553%, the second factor accounted for 8.585%, and the third factor stands for 8.407% of the total variance. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, three-factor model was confirmed, and that the model fit indices were within the appropriate limits. In addition, the indicator items included in the model represents the relevant structures well. The Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficients of factors were calculated respectively as 0.633, 0.759, and 0.820. These results demonstrated that The Turkish Language Exposure Scale is a valid and reliable measurement instrument to measure language exposure levels of the individuals who learn Turkish as a foreign or second language.
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The aim of this study is to examine the effect of web pedagogical content knowledge (WPCK) and learning styles on the academic achievement of students in web-based learning. The research was conducted with 49 students (25 for the experimental group and 24 for the control group) who were studying in the department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology in Ahi Evran University in the 2014-2015 academic year's fall term. A quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest and control group was used in the research. While students included in the experimental group took a lesson in a web-based environment, students included in the control group used traditional methods.In the collection of the data, thestudy approaches scale; WPCK and academic success test were used. According to the findings obtained in the research, study approaches preferred by the students did not lead to a significant difference in the post-test academic success scores. It was alsodetected that there were no significant differences among the post-test academic success scores of the students in the experimental group and control group. Another finding was the lack of a significant relationship among the WPCK and post-test academic success scores of the students in the experimental group.
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This study aims to investigate the perception of happiness of children in the middle childhood stage and adolescents. In this context, it was sought to answer the questions of how children define happiness, how they make people around them happy, and what other people around them do to make them happy. Also, it was investigated whether there is a difference between children of middle childhood stage and adolescents regarding those questions. The research employed a qualitative phenomenological method, and the sample of the study was selected from a rural area of Ağrı province. The study group consisted of 95 participants 48 of whom are at middle chilhood and 47 pre-adolescents. Within the scope of the research, data were obtained through semi-structured interviews that were formed through expert opinions. Content and descriptive analyses were used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the research, it was found that there was a similarity between the methods of children’s making and being happy; however, there were some differences in terms of development levels and gender. Besides that, considering the obtained results, there was a consistency with the existing litreature aboutthe perceptions of happiness. The results were discussed in terms of the literature on happiness, and child development and education.
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The present study aimed to determine a group of tertiary level Internet users’ knowledge of how to react to cyberhate in relation to certain independent variables such as gender, country, socio-economic status, educational background and frequency of social media use. A correlation survey method was adopted throughout the study to examine the awareness levels of Internet users regarding how to react to cyberhate. The participants of the study were determined by purposive sampling methods and the data were collected from 427 Internet users affiliated to two universities in Turkey and the United States. The most obvious finding emerged from the study was that a vast majority of the participants are not aware of cyberhate and are not equipped with the knowledge and skills to effectively fight against to racism or protect themselves from racist, discriminative, abusive, or harassing behavior online. The results also revealed that cyberhate awareness of Internet users varies according to the gender, socio-cultural environment and educational background.
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