Amaç: Bu çalışma Çanakkale ilinde bulunan Saanen keçi işletmeleri-
nin sosyo-ekonomik yapısı ve mevcut problemlerinin ortaya konma-
sı amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın gerecini, Çanakkale ili Damızlık Ko-
yun Keçi Yetiştiriciler Birliği’ne üye, işletmelerinde Saanen keçisi bu-
lunan üreticilerden veri temin formuyla elde edilen birincil veriler
oluşturmuştur. Örneklem hacmini basit rasgele örnekleme yöntemi
ile elde edilen 92 adet işletme oluşturmuştur. İşletmelerin 2017 yı-
lına ait bulguları ortalama, yüzde dağılım, frekans gibi tanımlayıcı
istatistikler ile belirlenmiş ve bazı teknik verilerde 2016 ve 2017 yıl-
ları arasındaki farklılıklar ise bağımsız t-testi kullanılarak analizler
yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: İşletme yöneticilerinin eğitim durumlarını %63,04 ora-
nında ilkokul seviyesinin oluşturduğu, ortalama yaşın 43,64, mesleki
tecrübenin ise ortalama 12,47 yıl olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İşletme-
lerdeki günlük hayvan başına ortalama süt verimi 1,95 kg, laktasyon
süresi ise ortalama 228,15 gün olarak saptanmıştır. İşletmelerde
görülen başlıca sorunlar arasında, süt fiyatlarındaki istikrarsızlık,
pazarlama alt yapısının ve üretici örgütlenmesinin yetersiz olması
bulunmaktadır.
Öneri: Saanen keçi yetiştiriciliği istihdam yaratma açısından önemli
bir üretim dalıdır. Hayvancılıkta sermaye/hâsıla katsayısının diğer
sektörlere göre düşük olması, istihdam yaratmada ve işsizliğin azal-
tılmasında önemli bir rol üstlenebilir. Bununla birlikte hayvan başı-
na süt verimin artırılmasında rol oynayan ıslah çalışmalarının yanı
sıra, bakım-besleme, sağlık ve hijyen koşullarının da iyileştirilmesi
önem taşımaktadır. Üreticilerin temel sorunlarından biri olan pazar-
lamada kooperatiflerin etkinliğinin artırılması da üreticiye sağlaya-
cağı katma değer açısından gereklilik arz etmektedir
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Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, sülün etinin yemek masalarında tercih
edilmesindeki endişeleri ortadan kaldırmak ve haşlama, pişirme ve
kızartma tekniklerinin sülün etlerinin bazı duyusal özellikleri üze-
rindeki etkisini belirlemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın materyalini 18 haftalık besi uygu-
lanmış 9 dişi 9 erkek sülün oluşturmuştur. Her bir pişirme tekniği 3
erkek ve 3 dişi sülüne uygulanmıştır. Altı kişi panelist olarak kulla-
nılmıştır. Duyusal analizlerde her biri 5 puan üzerinden değerlendi-
rilen, genel görünüş, koku, lezzet, tekstür ve genel beğeni kriterleri
kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Duyusal analizde, en fazla beğeni sırayla kızartma, fırınla-
ma ve haşlama olarak belirlenmiştir. Pişirme şeklinin tekstüre etkisi
önemsiz bulunurken, genel görünüm, koku ve etin genel beğenisi-
ne etkisi önemli (p<0.01) bulunmuştur. Lezzet açısından ise sadece
haşlama ile kızartma arasındaki fark önemli bulunmuştur (p<0.01).
Sonuç olarak, sülün etine yağda, fırında ve haşlama tekniklerinin
tamamının uygulanabileceği ve olumlu sonuçlar elde edileceği be-
lirlenmiştir.
Öneri: Farklı pişirme teknikleri ile sülün etinin tüketiciler tarafın-
dan beğenileceği ve bu beğeninin, sülün etlerinde pişirme araştır-
malarının artmasına, ürünlerin farklı şekillerde sunulmasına ve
gastronomik turizmin yeniden canlandırılmasına katkıda bulunaca-
ğı sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu çalışmaların artması sülün yemeklerinin
Türk mutfak literatürüne tekrar kazandırılması için de katkıda bu-
lunacağı ve sülün yetiştiriciliğinin yaygınlaşmasına katkı sağlayabi-
leceği söylenebilir.
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Amaç: Bu araştırma Akkaraman (Akk), Bafra (Baf) ve Bafra x Akka-
raman (F1) koyunlarda süt verimi ve sütte bazı kalite özelliklerinin
belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma Tarım İşletmeleri Genel Müdürlüğü’ne
(TİGEM) bağlı Gözlü Tarım İşletmesi’nde yürütülmüştür. Araştırma-
nın hayvan materyalini 2 ve 3 yaşlı 75 baş Akkaraman, Bafra ve Bafra
x Akkaraman F1 genotipi koyun oluşturmuştur.
Bulgular: Laktasyon boyunca günlük ortalama süt verimi Akk,
Baf ve F1 koyunlarda sırasıyla 683,61±30,08; 849,76±55,63 ve
753,17±54,90 g olarak belirlenmiştir (p>0,05). Araştırmada incele-
nen tüm gruplarda en yüksek süt verimi, laktasyonun 45. gününde
tespit edilmiştir. Laktasyon süt verimi sırasıyla 99,57; 126,40 ve
112,52 kg olarak (p<0,05) belirlenmiştir. Laktasyon süresi aynı sı-
rayla 133,12; 135,84 ve 133,80 gün olarak tespit edilmiştir (p>0,05).
Laktasyona ait genel ortalama yağ oranı Akk, Baf ve melez genotip-
te sırasıyla %5,85; 5,44 ve 5,67 (p>0,05); protein oranı %5,09; 5,02
ve 5,03 (p>0,05); laktoz oranı %4,89; 5,04 ve 5,02 (p>0,05); kuru
madde oranı %16,81; 16,42 ve 16,67; somatik hücre sayısı 275,46;
216,48 ve 258,86 x103/ml (p>0,05); olarak belirlenmiştir.
Öneri: Bafra x Akkaraman F1 melezi koyunlarda melezleme çalış-
ması süt verimi bakımından olumlu sonuç vermiş, melez genotipte
süt veriminin iyi düzeyde olduğu ve süt kalitesinin de koyun sütü
için bildirilen değerlere uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlara
göre elde edilen yeni genotipten süt verimi ve kuzu eti üretiminde
yararlanılabileceği söylenilebilir
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Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the possible side effects
in sheep of combined administration of imidocarb, buparvaquone,
and oxytetracycline, which are antiprotozoal drugs against bloodborne parasites, at the maximum dose and treatment period. .
Materials and Methods: Imidocarb (2.4 mg/kg), buparvaquone
(2.5 mg/kg), and oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg) were administered si-
multaneously by intramuscular injection to 10 sheep, and a second
combined dose was administered 3 days later. Blood samples were
taken before (0 control) and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 days after drug
administrations. Malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine,
troponin I, and creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels were determi-
ned with ELISA reader, and cardiac, hepatic, and renal damage mar-
kers were measured with autoanalyzer. Blood gas and hemogram
parameters were also determined.
Results: No oxidative stress (p>0.05) was observed in the sheep,
whereas increased (p<0.05) lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate ami-
notransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and
glucose levels were determined. Although decreased (p<0.05) alka-
line phosphatase, white blood cell counts, and sodium levels were
measured, statistically significantly fluctuations were observed
(p<0.05) in hemoglobin, bicarbonate, potassium, ionized calcium,
and chlorine levels.
Conclusion: The combination ofimidocarb, buparvaquone, and oxy-
tetracycline have not cause serious oxidative damage, cardiotoxicity,
and nephrotoxicity in sheep, but this combination may show tran-
sient effects on liver function and blood gas and hemogram values.
Therefore, caution should be exercised when using this combination
in infected sheep.
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Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of added to
Mintofarm (mixture essential oil consist of mint oil, juniper oil, rosemary
oil and oregano vulgare oil) added in drinking water at on performance,
egg production and blood antioxidant parameters such as
glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase
(GPx) catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, malondialdehyde,
ceruloplasmin, albumin, total protein and globulin in quail breeders.
Materials and Methods: A total of 160 quail breeders 17 weeks of
aged were randomly divided into 3 groups and each group was divided
into 5 subgroups. There were 60 quails in the control group and
50 quails in the other two groups. Male and female numbers were
equal. Treatments were as follows: C (Control; without supplementation);
M1 (0,1ml/L mintofarm supplementation in drinking water)
and M2 (0,3ml/L mintofarm supplementation in drinking water).
Results: It was determined that the addition of mintofarm to drinking
water of quail breeders did not have a significant effect on
performance, egg weight, daily egg production, CAT, ceruloplasmin,
albumin, total protein, and globülin. MDA, GSH, SOD and GPx values
were significantly affected by the addition of mintofarm (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It has been determined that mintofarm did not affect
the performance parameters, it significantly affected the oxidantantioxidant
balance in quail bredeers.The use of mintofarm in quail
bredeers drinking water has a protective effect against oxidative
stress.
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Aim: The major problem of drug intended for tick control is resistance
developed to application doses on the hosts. The acaricidal effects
of alkaloids from Glaucium flavum and Peganum harmala were
evaluated in vitro on adult female of Rhipicephalus sp. collected in
naturally infected dogs.
Materials and Methods: The acaricide activities of the both extracts
(3.12, 6.2, 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/ml) were evaluated using the
adult immersion test, reproductive index and inhibition oviposition.
DMSO (1%) and SEB (1μl/ml) were used as a negative and positive
control.
Results: The percent mortality caused by the methanolic extracts
of both plants varied from 41.66 to 75 %, when tested at concentrations
ranging from 3.12 to 50 mg/ml, and significantly different
compared to control (p<0.05). Visually hatching of the eggs was
completely blocked only by G. flavum with 50 mg/ml; however, other
extracts of both plants were partially able to block the hatching. The
oviposition and reproductive rate of both plants were concentration
dependent in both plants and significantly different (p<0.05) compared
to negative control. Also, the extracts of P. harmala seem to be
more efficient against Rhipicephalus sp. adults at different concentrations
than the extracts G. flavum. The alkaloid extracts of both plants
high effects were observed with 6.25 and 50 mg/ml for G. flavum and
with 25mg/ml and 50mg/ml for P. harmala.
Conclusion: The total alkaloids extracted from the G. flavum root
and P. harmala seed have good acaricidal activities in vitro reducing
potentially the egg laying of Rhipicephalus sp. females.
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Aim: This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of milk yield
and reproductive performance of Hair goats raised under the extensive condition
in Konya and Karaman regions of Turkey.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 383 and 58044 records were
analyzed for milk yield and reproductive performance, respectively. Six measurements
were performed with 30 days intervals for evaluating of the goats’
milk yield characteristics. Individual lactation milk yield was calculated
as area under the lactation curve. General linear model involving factors of
region, farm, goat age and birth type were used for milk yield characteristics
in statistical analyses, Chi square test was employed for evaluating the reproductive
performance.
Results: The mean of the lactation period, daily and lactation milk yield, were
found as 171.0 days, 753.7 mL, and 128.9 L, respectively. Despite the fact that
the effect of birth type factor on all three characteristics was not significant
(p>0.05), it was found that the region and farm factors had a significant effect
on all three characteristics (p<0.001). Goat age factor had a significant effect
on daily milk yield and lactation milk yield (p<0.001). Birth rate, twin rate,
and kidding rate of goats were found as 81%, 9%, and 0.88, respectively. In
reproductive performance, the significant difference between two regions and
also significant differences among years in each regions were seen (p<0.01).
Conclusion: In conclusion, the parameters of the lactation milk yield and lactation
period in Hair goats raised in both regions were seen in higher value
than the levels reported previously in the literature.
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Aim: It is aimed to determine the preventive effect of black seed (Ni-
gella sativa L; NS) and its pharmaceutically active substance volatile
fatty acid thymoquinone on relative liver weight increase in broiler
in aflatoxicosis..
Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty 1-d-old broiler chicks
were used and divided into 6 equal groups and fed for 28 days. Ani-
mals were received feed with 2 mg/kg total aflatoxin (AF; AFB1,
AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2), 5% black seed (NS) and 300 mg/kg thymo-
quinone (TQ), according to the groups; Control, AF, NS, TQ, AF+NS
and AF+TQ. At the end of the experiment, euthanasia was performed
by decapitation after determination of the live weight of ten broi-
ler chickens in all groups, and systemic necropsies were performed.
The liver, the main target organ for AF, was removed and weighed
to determine relative organ weight. The relative liver weights were
calculated as % (liver weight x 100 / live body weight).
Results: Aflatotoxin application significantly increased the relative
weight of the liver (P<0,01). While the difference was not significant
in the TQ group compared to the control group, a significant increase
in liver weight was found in the NS group. Addition of TQ to feeds
with AF significantly reduced the relative liver weight values to nor-
mal. NS effect was found more partial compared to TQ.
Conclusion: In conclusion, it was thought that TQ and NS prevented
the relative liver weight increase, an important biomarker for afla-
toxicosis, by probably ameliorating lipid metabolism and transport
which is impaired by the toxic effect of AF
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Aim: Mastitis is one of the most common diseases of dairy cattle and
causes significant economic losses. Staphylococcus aureus produces
many virulence factors that facilitate the adhesion and penetration
of damaged tissues, and thereby, cause subclinical mastitis. This
study was aimed at investigating the phenotypic and genotypic cha-
racteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus..
Materials and Methods: A total of 241 S. aureus strains isolated
from bovine mastitis cases were tested phenotypically (catalase,
coagulase, haemolysis, DNase, mannitol fermentation and biofilm
formation) and genotypically (by the polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) technique). Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using 15
different antibiotics.
Results: While the isolates showed different levels of haemolytic ac-
tivity (β 47%, α 42%, γ 10% and δ 1%), only the β-haemolytic strains
produced a positive CAMP-like reaction. Although all isolates were
able to grow on MSA containing 7.5% NaCl, mannitol fermentation
activity was observed in 80.5% of the isolates. The nuc gene was de-
tected in all isolates, but only 84.2% of the isolates showed DNase
activity. The Congo red agar method can be used to detect the biofilm
forming capability of isolates, but the crystal violet staining method
gives more reliable results. The sec gene was the most common en-
terotoxin genes (84%). Three isolates harboured the mecA gene, but
were sensitive to methicillin.
Conclusion: Phenotypic variations among isolates result in the
misclassification of S. aureus strains and require the use ofmolecular
methods. The rapid and accurate molecular typing of S. aureus can
aid in both determining the prevalence of this infectious microorga-
nism and preventing epidemic infections.
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Aim: The aim of this research was to examine the efficacies of propofol
and clove oil to decrease the metabolic activity during transportation
in order to determine optimal protocols for sedation of fish.
Materials and Methods: 126 Jack Dempsey fish were used in this
research. Control (n:42), propofol (n:42) and clove oil (n:42) groups
placed into closed clear plastic fish bags filled with three litres of
oxygen per litre of water and supplemented with 0.1 ml/L of propofol
and clove oil. Respiratory rates, induction and recovery times,
feed intake and color-changing times were measured while reactions
to light, vibration and touch were scored for sensitivity controls.
Results: According to the results, the decrease of respiratory rates
per minute (67.26 ± 6.3, 50.26 ± 9.4, 36.52 ± 4.6, 11.74 ± 4.8, 7.10 ±
3.5, 4.50 ± 2.2, 3.69 ±1.5) and recovery time respiratory rates (frequency
per minute) of the propofol group (80.12 ± 1.84) differed from
the control and clove oil groups (p ˂ 0.05). Regarding the sensibility
controls, propofol group was less sensible to light, vibration and touch.
Conclusion: Considering its low cost and easy availability, since
propofol has been found to be more suitable and clove oil was more
ineffective than propofol, therefore propofol can be recommended as
a priority in the transport of aquarium fish.
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