Aim: Bovine adenovirus (BAdV) is one of the viral agents that causes respiratory illness in cattle, along with numerous other viral agents. Although the prevalence of BAdV has been determined by serological studies conducted in our
country, there are limited data on the detection of BAdVs in respiratory system
samples, and there is no study on their molecular characterization. The aim of
this study was to detect and characterize BAdVs of the Mastadenovirus genus.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a total of 64 nasal swabs and one
lung sample from 65 cattle of different ages with respiratory system disease
symptoms were used. After the extraction of viral DNA, they were tested by
PCR using primers targeting the hexon gene region and the expected size of
amplicons were sequenced.
Results: According to the PCR results, three samples were found positive and
the positivity rate was detected as 4.6%. Out of positive samples, two were
able to be sequenced and one clustered in the BAdV-2 serotype while the other
was grouped in the BAdV-3 serotype.
Conclusion: In this study, it was revealed that BAdVs are contributing agents
in respiratory system infection in our country. Also, this is the first study reporting the molecular characterization of BAdV-2 and BAdV-3 in calves with
respiratory system infection in Turkey.
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Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), Schmallenberg virus (SBV), , Akabane virus
(AKAV) and pestivirus in cattle abortion cases in the Aegean Region
of Turkey between 2015 and 2019.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 204 bovine abortions that
occurred in the Aegean region of Turkey between the years 2015
and 2019 were investigated. While BHV-1, SBV, and pestivirus were
examined with real-time PCR, AKAV was examined with nested-PCR.
Results: In our study, 25 (12.3%) of the samples analyzed were
positive for pestiviruses, 1 (0.5%) was positive for Akabane, and 1
(0.5%) was positive for BHV-1. SBV was not detected. According to
these results, the viral agent causing most abortions in the Aegean
region was found to be pestivirus. The most abortion-related material was sent to the lab in 2018, followed by 2019, 2017, 2016, and
2015.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, future evaluations
should consider the cattle abortion agents detected in the Aegean
region, and control and monitoring studies should be established.
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Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the physical meat quality properties of young and spent female quail of different genetic
lines.
Materials and Methods: A total of 80 random samples of fresh breast and leg meat of young and spent female quails from four genetic
stock as pure line Paharaoh strain (Coturnix coturnix Pharaoh, wild
type), recessive white (white) variety of Pharaoh quail, the yellow
and black colored cross-line quails obtained by crossing Bob White
quail (Colinus virginianus) and Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix
Japonica).
Results: There was significant effect of quail age on breast and leg
meat pH (p<0.008, p<0.001) and a significant genotype effect was
determined on leg meat pH (p<0.01). The water holding capacity of
breast meat was significantly affected by genetic stock and slaughter age (p<0.001, p<0.019). The genetic stock had significant effects
on the lightness and chroma values of leg and breast meat of quail
(p<0.001, p<0.001).
Conclusion: In conclusion, black colored cross-line variety of quail
and young birds had greater values of most meat quality characteristics than the other birds.
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Aim: Parapoxvirus ovis (ORFV) infection is one of important contagious
viral diseases of small ruminants. The aim of this study was to determine the
concentration of cytokine and neutralizing antibody in blood serum of sheep
that were carried out attenuated orf virus vaccine strain.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 10 male Akkaraman sheep which are
6-8 months of age and tested negative for antibodies against ORFV were used.
Scarification was applied with 0.5 ml of attenuated ORFV to each animal.
Serum samples were obtained from vena jugularis at 0. hour (control) before
the inoculation and at the following 6., 12., 24., 48., 72., 96., 120. hours, 7.,
14., 21., 30., 60., 90., 120., 150. and 180. days. Neutralizing antibody presence
was investigated in obtained serums. In addition, levels of IL-1β, IL-12, IFN-γ,
TNF-α from proinflammatory cytokines (Th1) and IL-4 and IL-10 from antiinflammatory cytokines (Th2) were determined by ELISA.
Results: ORFV caused fluctiations but no statistically significant change
in levels of IL-1β, IL-12, IFNγ, TNF-α and IL-10 were detected compared to
control sera (p>0,05), and significant increase in IL-4 level was detected
in the 30th day (p<0,05). As a result of the study, attenuated live ORFV
administration and have no effect on levels of some serum cytokine except
IL-4 and neutralizing antibodies.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the vaccines against ORFV infection
considered to be used in the future should be applied after the effects on the
immune system have been clearly demonstrated.
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Aim: Cell death, especially apoptosis, is one of the most studied topics regarding cells. Understanding the mechanism of apoptosis in
diseases will help understand the pathogenesis of diseases, as well
as the treatment. This study aims to grade the Bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (BOSCC) and to evaluate apoptosis in tumors
with different anaplastic features.
Materials and Methods: A total of 30 formalin-fixed tumor tissues
consisting of 10 poorly-differentiated, 10 moderately-differentiated,
and 10 well-differentiated tissues were used to examine apoptosis in
BOSCCs. Hematoxylin & eosin (HE) was performed for histopathological examination and TUNEL staining was performed for detection
of apoptosis in all BOSCCs.
Results: It was determined that apoptosis decreased as the malignancy increased in BOSCCs (p<0.001). Although all the tumors
examined were malignant, apoptosis, i.e. controlled cell death, was
found to be severe in well-differentiated type and mild in moderate
and poorly-differentiated types.
Conclusion: It was concluded that this case observed in bovines
should be considered in studies on the pathogenesis of cancer and
treatment.
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Aim: This study aimed to investigate the expression of NF-κB, Hsp70, and
TNF-α immunohistochemically in the swine urinary bladder.
Materials and Methods: A total of 8 swine urinary bladders were used as
material in the study. NF-κB, Hsp70 and TNF-α expression were demonstrated
by Streptavidin-biotin complex immunohistochemistry method.
Results: Uroepithelial cells gave a focal cytoplasmic reaction with NF-κB. A
moderate staining intensity was observed in NF-κB, smooth muscle cells of the
detrusor muscle layer and in the vessel wall. Hsp70 expression was observed
in the cytoplasms and nuclei of basal and intermediate cells. It was remarkable
that basal cell nuclei showed a strong reaction. The bladder's smooth muscle
bundles were stained positively with Hsp70. TNF-α expression was observed
throughout all three layers of urothelium as a brown color in the urinary
bladder. Interestingly, we determined that some umbrella cells' luminal
surfaces showed intense membrane-like immunopositive staining.
Conclusion: In this study, the expression of NF-κB, Hsp70, and TNF-α in the
swine urinary bladder was determined in epithelial cells of tunica mucosa and
smooth muscle cells of tunica muscularis. Based on the immunohistochemical
findings, it was concluded that the enzymes and cytokines secreted by the
cells forming the urothelium and detrusor muscle layer contribute to the
biological process, intercellular communication, physiological state and play
an important role in defense of the urinary bladder.
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Aim: In this study, it was aimed to determine the presence of Vibrio spp.,
Aeromonas spp., and Listeria spp. in finned fish and shrimps consumed in
Turkey and the antibiotic resistance profile of the isolates using disc diffusion
method.
Materials and Methods: In the research, 300 seafoods obtained at different
times were used as material. Following isolation by classical cultural method,
classical PCR was performed to confirm the isolates at genus level and to
identify at species level for pathogenic species.
Results: Finfish and shrimp samples were contaminated with Vibrio spp.,
Aeromonas spp. and Listeria spp. with the rate of 19.4% (33/170), 14.7%
(25/170), 4.1% (7/170) and 13.8% (18/130), 13.1% (17/130), 6.2% (8/130),
respectively. Twenty-nine (9.7%) and 9 (3.0%) of the Vibrio spp. isolates were
identified as V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae, respectively. Thirty (10%) of
the Aeromonas spp. isolates were detected as A. hydrophila. L. monocytogenes
and V. vulnificus was not detected in any of samples. Antibiotic resistance
profile of the V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae, A. hydrophila and Listeria spp.
isolates was streptomycin (71.4%), teicoplanin (71.4%), ampicillin (87.5%),
teicoplanin (75%); streptomycin (80%), ampicillin (75%), cefixime (75%),
penicillin (75%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (100%), tetracycline
(75%); erythromycin (93.8%), vancomycin (81.2%), amoxacillin/clavulanic
acid (78.6%), ampicillin (85.7%), cephalothin (92.9%), penicillin G (92.9%);
and cephalothin (37.5%-42.9%), erythromycin (37.5%-42.9%), penicillin G
(37.5%-42.9%), tetracycline (37.5%-42.9%), respectively.
Conclusion: As a result, it is thought that fish and shrimp consumed in Turkey
may be contaminated with pathogenic Vibrio and Aeromonas species, and
antibiotic-resistant isolates may pose a risk to public health.
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Aim: The aim of this study was to create three-dimensional (3D) models of
each cervical vertebra with computed tomography (CT) images; to determine
the morphometric parameters of each cervical vertebra with manual and
digital measurement methods; to compare the accuracy between the two methods.
Materials and Methods: The last five cervical vertebrae of four male thoroughbred
horses were used for morphometric analyses. All vertebrae were
scanned with 256-multidetector CT device. 3D reconstructed models were acquired
with 3D slicer software. Twenty-three morphometric parameters were
calculated on 3D models and manually by using a digital caliper.
Results: Measurement methods*Cervical vertebra interaction term was found
statistically significant for height of vertebra, external and internal width of
the cranial articular process, width of the vertebral fossa, height of transverse
foramen, height of cranial and caudal vertebral notch, and width of the pedicle
(p<0.001). The length of the vertebral body was decreasing from third to seventh
cervical vertebra in both measurement methods but was not different
between measurement methods*cervical vertebra interaction term (p=0.685).
This study provided detailed comprehensive morphometric data to compare
cervical vertebrae among each other. The digital information gathered with 3D
approaches will give useful information for analysing anatomical variations.
Conclusion: These morphometric data cannot only contribute to anatomic investigations
but also provide database for surgical and orthopaedic researches
or clinical interventions on this region of equine species.
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Amaç: Bu çalışmada nar kabuğu (Punica granatum L.) ekstraktının in vitro
olarak HSV-1 üzerine antiviral etkinliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Antiviral etkinlik değerlendirilmeden önce, nar kabuğu
ekstratının saf su ile dilue edilmiş farklı konsantrasyonlarının Vero hücre kültüründe sitotoksik aktivitesi belirlendi. Bu hücre kültüründe 0,87 mg/mL konsantrasyondan daha düşük konsantrasyonlarda sitotoksiteye neden olmadığı
tespit edildi. Antiviral etkinlik MTT testi ve mikroskobik analizler sonrasında
sitopatojenik etkinin (CPE) varlığıyla belirlendi.
Bulgular: Nar kabuğu ekstratının 0,87 mg/mL ila 0,87x2-5mg/mL arasındaki
konsantrasyonlarda HSV-1’e karşı önemli bir antiviral etkinliği olduğu belirlendi. Bu etkinin virusun hücreye girişine engel olmasıyla sağlamış olabilir.
Öneri: Nar kabuğu ekstraktının HSV-1’e karşı in vitro olarak antiviral etkinliğe sahip olduğu ve elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda Punica granatum
L. ekstratının antiviral etkinliğinin daha detaylı belirlenebilmesi için in vivo
denemelere ihtiyaç olduğu düşünüldü. Ayrıca Punica granatum L. Ekstratının
Herpes viruslar ve diğer viruslara karşı etkinliğinin detaylı bir şekilde belirlenmesi gelecekte antiviral ilaç denemelerine katkı sağlayacaktır.
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Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Fransa, Macaristan ve Uruguay’dan ithal edilen Şarole, Limuzin ve Hereford ırkı sığırların Türkiye şartlarında besicilik faaliyetlerinin teknik ve ekonomik açıdan karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmada, besi amacıyla Macaristan, Fransa ve
Uruguay’dan ithal edilen 6-7 aylık Şarole, Limuzin ve Hereford ırkı hayvanlara ait teknik ve ekonomik veriler kullanılmıştır. Her bir ülke ve ırktan 30’ar baş olmak üzere toplam 180 hayvan 6 ay süreyle besiye alınan
hayvanların verileri incelenmiştir. Başlangıçta ve 30’ar gün arayla tartılarak toplam ve günlük canlı ağırlık artışları (GCAA) ile yemden yararlanma
oranı (YYO) hesaplanmış ve performansları karşılaştırılmıştır. Ekonomik
analizde hayvanların ithal edildiği ülkelere göre ve ırk bazında toplam
maliyet, canlı ağırlık artış geliri ve kâr yönünden karşılaştırmaları yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Irk bazında performans (GCAA ve YYO) yönünden herhangi bir
fark oluşmazken (p>0.05), ithal edilen ülkelere göre Fransa kökenli Şarole
ve Limuzinlerin; Macaristan kökenlilere göre önemli düzeyde daha fazla
GCAA sağladığı belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Ekonomik açıdan ülke ve ırk bazında herhangi bir fark oluşmamıştır (p>0.05).
Öneri: Türkiye şartlarında besi performansı ve karlılık yönünden, incelenen ırklar arasında herhangi bir fark oluşmadığı, ülke düzeyinde yapılan
analizlerde ise Fransa kökenli Şarole ve Limuzinlerin; Macaristan kökenlilere göre daha fazla GCAA sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Tek bir tercih yapılacak
olursa, öncelikle Fransa kökenli Limuzinlerin tercih edilmesinde teknik ve
ekonomik anlamda faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
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