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Objective: The empowerment of old people is important in order for them to gain control over their own lives and to raise their quality of life. The purpose of this study was to adapt the Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Short Form (DES-SF) to old people and to the Turkish language, and to determine its validity and reliability.
Materials and Methods: This methodological type study was conducted between 1 January and 30 March 2017 with 106 old people fitting the criteria of acceptance in the study who attended the geriatrics clinic of a university hospital. In determining validity, language equivalence, content, and predictive validity were used, while reliability was tested with temporal invariance, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and item total correlation. We examined its reliability and validity via item analyses, content validity (expert panel), confirmatory factor analyses, and construct validity (exploratory factor analyses).
Results: The Cronbach’s alpha of the scale was 0.883. The scale items were grouped under a single factor in accordance with the original. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis showed good fit signs.
Conclusion: After conducting validity and reliability testing on the adaptation of the Diabetic Empowerment Scale-Short Form to old people and the Turkish language, it is was concluded that it is a reliable scale to determine the empowerment levels of old people. Based on the statistical analyses applied to evaluate the validity and reliability of the scale obtained by adapting the DES-SF to old people, it was inferred that it is an instrument with high validity and reliability. The scale is a short and practical instrument to evaluate the empowerment levels of old people. The new name of the scale is the elderly empowerment scale.
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Objective: The aim of our study is to introduce the relationship between epistaxis and anatomical variations and present the current treatment approach.
Materials and Methods: Forty-five patients (28 males and 17 females) that presented to otorhinolaryngology clinics at Mengucek Gazi Training and Research Hospital with pre-diagnosed epistaxis between October 2018 and April 2019 were included in the study. Age, sex and structural causes and anatomical localization of epistaxis in patients were analysed.
Results: The median age of the patients was 42, ranging from 20 to 60 years. Focus of bleeding was observed on the right in 16 cases (35.5%), left in 14 cases (31.1%) and bilateral in nasal cavity in 15 cases (33.3%). Bleeding was from the anterior septum in front of the maxillary ostium line. Anatomical variations were seen in 31 patients (68.8%) (septal deviation in 12, septal perforation in two, and concha hypertrophy in 17).
Conclusion: Epistaxis is one of the most common ear, nose, and throat emergencies. Etiological reasons must be analysed for the treatment to be effective.
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Objective: Social media disorder (SMD) is defined as a behavioral addiction and has been associated with depression, loneliness, narcissism, low self-esteem, poor sleep quality, and low academic performance. Ostracism is a term defined as being ignored or excluded by others. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the predictors of ostracism in adolescents and test the effect of SMD on ostracism.
Materials and Methods: This study was performed as a survey study. Adolescents between 14 and 18 years of age were administered a structured questionnaire to assess socio demographic properties, SMD, and ostracism. The SMD Scale and Ostracism Experience Scale for Adolescents (OES-A) were used. Between January and June 2018, 864 university students ≤18 years of age were invited to the study and 684 (79.1%) of them participated.
Results: We found a positive correlation between OES-A and SMD scores (r=0.52, p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, male gender, absence of a hobby, not being successful in the university, and high SMD scores were associated with high OES-A scores.
Conclusion: This is the first data obtained proving an association between SMD and ostracism. The impact of SMD and ostracism on psychosocial issues should be further evaluated.
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Objective: We investigated the effect of ebselen on fracture healing in an experimental fracture model.
Materials and Methods: We divided rats into two groups, 6 rats in each: the experimental femur fracture control group and the ebselen treatment group with an experimental femur fracture. In the experimental femur fracture control group, we created only experimental femur fracture. In the ebselen treatment group, we administered ebselen treatment with creating an experimental femur fracture. We administered ebselen intraperitoneally at 5 mg/kg once daily for 1 month after the 1st day of experimental femur fracture in the ebselen treatment group. We evaluated the recovery status of fractured femurs at the end of 1st month with radiographic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical methods.
Results: According to the radiographic fracture healing scores, ebselen treatment increased the extent of new bone formation and fracture cartilage callus significantly compared to the control group. According to the histopathological recovery scores, ebselen treatment significantly improved healing scores compared to the control group. Ebselen treatment increased the expression scores of bone healing markers in the ebselen treatment group, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and osteocalcin, compared to the control group.
Conclusion: We demonstrated that ebselen treatment increases the formation of new bone in the femur in an experimentally created femoral fracture model. Ebselen has been shown to improve the bone fracture healing in a radiological and histopathological manner, and more detailed studies are needed.
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Aycan YÜKSEL ,
Dilek KARADOĞAN ,
Canan GÜNDÜZ ,
Fatma TOKGÖZ AKYIL ,
Zehra Nur TÖREYİN ,
Feride MARİM ,
Hüseyin ARIKAN ,
Tuğba ŞİŞMANLAR EYÜBOĞLU ,
Nagehan EMİRALİOĞLU ,
İrem ŞERİFOĞLU ,
Elif DEVELİ ,
Selma ÇELİK ,
Ümran Özden SERTÇELİK ,
Tuğba RAMASLI GÜRSOY ,
Mehmet Fatih ELVERİŞLİ ,
Aslı ÖNCEL ,
Berrin ER ,
Ali FIRINCIOĞLULARI ,
Fatma Esra GÜNAYDIN ,
Hilal ÖZAKINCI ,
Neslihan ÖZÇELİK ,
Dorina ESENDAĞLI ,
Asena AYDIN ,
Neslihan KÖSE ,
Merve ERÇELİK ,
Pınar Yıldız GÜLHAN ,
Ethem YILDIZ ,
İlim IRMAK ,
Bilge YILMAZ KARA ,
Selçuk GÜRZ ,
Fatma Gülsüm KARAKAŞ ,
Metin AKGÜN
Scientists from all over the world have been intensively working to discover different aspects of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since the first cluster of cases was reported in China. Herein, we aimed to investigate unclear issues related to transmission and pathogenesis of disease as well as accuracy of diagnostic tests and treatment modalities. A literature search on PubMed, Ovid, and EMBASE databases was conducted, and articles pertinent to identified search terms were extracted. A snow-ball search strategy was followed in order to retrieve additional relevant articles. It was reported that viral spread may occur during the asymptomatic phase of infection, and viral load was suggested to be a useful marker to assess disease severity. In contrast to immune response against viral infections, cytotoxic T lymphocytes decline in SARS-CoV-2 infection, which can be partially explained by direct invasion of T lymphocytes or apoptosis activated by SARS-CoV-2. Dysregulation of the urokinase pathway, cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein by FXa and FIIa, and consumption coagulopathy were the proposed mechanisms of the coagulation dysfunction in COVID-19. False-negative rates of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction varied between 3% and 41% across studies. The probability of the positive test was proposed to decrease with the number of days past from symptom onset. Safety issues related to infection spread limit the use of high flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in hypoxic patients. Further studies are required to elucidate the challenging issues, thus enhancing the management of COVID-19 patients.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [2019-nCoV; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
2 (SARS-CoV-2)] was first detected in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. In current status, spread of COVID-
19 in person-to-person could be caused mainly by respiratory droplets, which leads to the spread of
the influenza virus in both community and clinicians. Thus, in order to reduce the risk of that, the urgent
management strategies against COVID-19 are to block transmission, isolation, protection, and using drug or
vaccine updated on an ongoing basis. unfortunately, no drugs or vaccines still has yet been allowed to treat
patients with COVID-19, so the rapid detection of effective intercessions against COVID-19 is seemed a
major challenge on the all world. Herein, this article attempts summarizing to introduce the characterization
of COVID-19, the influence of droplets travel in person-to-person transmission and the effect of wearing
masks in the infection prevention of influenza virus, as well as understanding its advantage and role in the
coronavirus infection prevention.
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Feride MARİM ,
Dilek KARADOĞAN ,
Tuğba ŞİŞMANLAR EYÜBOĞLU ,
Nagehan EMİRALİOĞLU ,
Canan GÜNDÜZ ,
Zehra Nur TÖREYİN ,
Fatma TOKGÖZ AKYIL ,
Aycan YÜKSEL ,
Hüseyin ARIKAN ,
İrem ŞERİFOĞLU ,
Tuğba RAMASLI GÜRSOY ,
Abdulsamet SANDAL ,
Metin AKGÜN
There are concerns regarding the risk and the course of COVID-19 in pregnancy and in the neonates. In this review, we aimed to present the current understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy and neonatal periods considering diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and prevention. Few studies on pregnant women with COVID-19 have been conducted between December 2019 and April 2020. The majority of patients applied in the third trimester and presented with fever and cough. Ground-glass opacities and consolidation on computed tomography were reported to be common. COVID-19 was proposed to have a milder course than SARS and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in pregnant women. Hydroxychloroquine and antiproteases (lopinavir/ritonavir) were reported to be safe; however, therapeutic efficacy and safety of remdesivir still lack evidence. As ribavirin and favipiravir have teratogenic effects, there are some debates on the use of ribavirin in severe cases. There is still no clear evidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during delivery. Occupational safety issues of pregnant healthcare workers on the frontline should be considered as their risk to develop severe pneumonia is higher because of altered maternal immune response. Knowledge about neonatal outcomes of COVID-19 was based on studies of the last trimester of pregnancy. There is much to be learnt about COVID-19 in pregnant women and in the neonates, especially concerning prognosis- and treatment-related issues.
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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and rapidly became a global
pandemic, with the number of confirmed infections worldwide reaching 1 million by the start of April 2020
and 3 million less than a month later. COVID-19 can be encountered with different clinical presentations. We
present the case of a patient with COVID-19 in the etiology presenting with acute renal failure.
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