The effects of smoking on tendon thickness and degeneration in young amateur sportspeople

Cığalı, Bülent Sabri; TAŞKINALP, Oğuz; ULUÇAM, Enis; ALICIOĞLU, Banu; YILMAZ, ALİ

The effects of smoking on tendon thickness and degeneration in young amateur sportspeople

Banu ALICIOĞLU, (Trakya Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Radyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Edirne, Türkiye)

ENİS ULUÇAM, (Trakya Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Anatomi Anabilim Dalı, Edirne, Türkiye)

Bülent Sabri CIGALI, (Trakya Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Anatomi Anabilim Dalı, Edirne, Türkiye)

Ali YILMAZ, (Trakya Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Anatomi Anabilim Dalı, Edirne, Türkiye)

Oğuz TAŞKINALP (Trakya Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Anatomi Anabilim Dalı, Edirne, Türkiye)

Dicle Tıp Dergisi

1 0

Yıl: 2009 Cilt: 36 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 16 - 22 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

The effects of smoking on tendon thickness and degeneration in young amateur sportspeople

Öz:

Bu çalışmanın amacı, sigara içiminin aktif amatör sporcularda ultrasonografi ile saptanan tendinopatiler üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmektir. On dördü erkek, 19’u kadın, toplam 33 amatör sporcu (ortalama yaş 20.5±2.5 yıl) incelendi. Patellar ve aşil tendonları yüksek çözünürlüklü ultrason ile görüntülendi. Tendonların ön-arka kalınlıkları ölçüldü ve –varsa- tendinopati sıklıkları belirlendi.Sporcuların 22 (%66.7)’si sigara içmeyen, 11’i (%33.3) sigara içen kişilerdi. Günlük ortalama içilen sigara sayısı 9.4±4.5; ortalama sigara içme süresi 3.7±1.6 yıl idi. Toplam olarak 12 sporcuda (%36.4), 17 adet tendinopati (tendonların %12.8’u) saptandı.Sigara içen ve içmeyen gruplar arasında tendinopati sıklığı bakımından fark gözlenmedi (p>0.05). Tendon kalınlığı hem patellar hem de Aşil tendonları için sigara içip içmeme durumuna bağlı bir değişiklik göstermedi (p>0.05).Sonuç olarak, tendon kalınlığı ve tendon dejenerasyon sıklığı sigara içen ve içmeyen sporcular arasında bir farklılık göstermemektedir.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Cerrahi

Sigaranın genç amatör sporcularda tendon kalınlığı ve dejenerasyonu üzerine etkileri

Öz:

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of smoking on tendinopathies detected by ultrasound in active amateur sportspeople. Fourteen male, 19 female, total 33 amateur sportspeople (mean age, 20.5±2.5) were investigated. Both patellar and Achilles tendons were imaged by high resolution ultrasound. The antero-posterior thicknesses and pathologies (if present) of the tendons were determined.Twenty two (66.7%) of the sportsmen were nonsmokers and 11 (33.3%) were smokers. The mean number of cigarettes smoked in a day was 9.4±4.5; mean duration of cigarette smoking was 3.7±1.6 years. 17 tendinopathies (12.9% of tendons) were detected in 12 sportsmen (36.4% of sportsmen). No significant difference was found between the smoker and nonsmoker groups according to the incidence of tendinopathies (p>0.05). The thickness of the tendons did not differ according to smoking status for both patellar and Achilles tendons (p>0.05 for all comparisons). In conclusion, the tendon thickness and incidence of tendinous degeneration do not differ between smoker and nonsmoker sportsmen.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Cerrahi

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

1. Kane SM, Dave A, Haque A, Langston K. The incidence of rotator cuff disease in smoking and non-smoking patients: a cadaveric study. Orthopedics 2006; 29: 363-366.
2. Almekinders LC, Deol G. The effects of aging, antiinflamatory drugs and ultrasound on the in vitro response of tendon tissue. Am J Sports Med 1999;27:417-421.
3. Richards PJ, Win T, Jones PW. The distribution of microvascular response in Achilles tendonopathy assessed by colour and power Doppler. Skeletal Radiol 2005;34:336-342.
4. Leung JL, Griffith JF. Sonography of chronic Achilles tendinopathy: A case-control study. J Clin Ultrasound 2008;36:27-32.
5. Cook JL, Khan KM, Harcourt PR, et al. Patellar tendon ultrasonography in asymptomatic active athletes reveals hypoechoic regions: a study of 320 tendons. Clin J Sports Med 1998;8:73-77.
6. Cook JL, Khan KM, Kiss ZS, et al. Asymptomatic hypoechoic regions on patellar tendon ultrasound: A 4-year clinical and ultrasound follow up of 46 tendons. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2001;11:321-327.
7. Unal B, Bilgili MYK, Yılmaz S, Caglayan O, Kara S. Smoking prevents the expected postprandial increase in intestinal blood flow. J Ultrasound Med 2004;23:647-653.
8. Mallon WJ, Misamore G, Snead DS, Denton P. The impact of preoperative smoking habits on the results of rotator cuff repair. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 2004;13:129-132.
9. Yılmaz G, İbiş S, Sevindi T. The Evaluation of the Usage of Cigarette and Alcohol Among the Students of Physical Education and Sports High School Department of Gazi University. J Dependence 2007;8:85-90.
10. Cook JL, Khan KM, Kiss ZS, Purdam CR, Griffiths L. Prospective imaging study of asymptomatic patellar tendinopathy in elite junior basketball players. J Ultrasound Med 2000;19:473-479.
11. Khan KM, Bonar F, Desmond PM, et al. Patellar tendinosis (jumper's knee): findings at histopathologic examination, US, and MR imaging. Victorian Institute of Sport Tendon Study Group. Radiology 1996;200:821-827.
12. Fredberg U, Bolvig L. Significance of ultrasonographically detected asymptomatic tendinosis in the patellar and Achilles tendons of elite soccer players. Am J Sports Med 2002;30: 488-491.
13. Ohberg L, Lorentzon R, Alfredson H. Neovascularisation in Achilles tendons with painful tendinosis but not in normal tendons: an ultrasonographic investigation. Knee Surg Sports, Traumatol Arthrosc 2001; 9: 233-38.
14. van Snellenberg W, Wiley JP, Brunet G. Achilles tendon pain intensity and level of neovascularization in athletes as determined by color Doppler ultrasound. 1: Scand J Med Sci, Sports 2007;17:530-534.
15. Zanetti M, Metzdorf A, Kundert HP, et al. Achilles tendons: clinical relevance of neovascularization diagnosed with power Doppler US. Radiology 2003;227:556-560.
16. Peace KA, Lee JC, Healy J. Imaging the infrapatellar tendon in the elite athlete. Clin Radiol 2006; 61: 570-578.
17. Gibbon WW, Cooper JR, Radcliffe GS. Sonographic incidence of tendon microtears in athletes with chronic Achilles tendinosis: Br J Sports Med 1999;33:129-130.
18. Holmes GB, Lin J. Etiologic factors associated with symptomatic achilles tendinopathy. Foot Ankle Int 2006;27:952-959.
19. Jacobovicz J, Tolazzi ARD, Timi JR Doppler Ultrasound Evaluation of Facial Transverse and Infraorbital arteries: Influence of Smoking and Aging Process. Aesth Plast Surg 2007;31:526-531.
20. Sighinolfi MC, Mofferdin A, De Stefani S, et al. Immediate Improvement in Penile Hemodynanics after Cessation of Smoking: Previous Results. Urology 2007;69:163-165.
21. Morita A. Tobacco smoke causes premature skin aging Journal of Dermatological Science 2007;48:169-175.
22. Matheson PJ, Wilson MA, Garrison N. Regulation of intestinal blood flow. J Surg Res 2000; 93:182-196.

APA	ALICIOĞLU B, ULUÇAM E, Cığalı B, YILMAZ A, TAŞKINALP O (2009). The effects of smoking on tendon thickness and degeneration in young amateur sportspeople. , 16 - 22.
Chicago	ALICIOĞLU Banu,ULUÇAM Enis,Cığalı Bülent Sabri,YILMAZ ALİ,TAŞKINALP Oğuz The effects of smoking on tendon thickness and degeneration in young amateur sportspeople. (2009): 16 - 22.
MLA	ALICIOĞLU Banu,ULUÇAM Enis,Cığalı Bülent Sabri,YILMAZ ALİ,TAŞKINALP Oğuz The effects of smoking on tendon thickness and degeneration in young amateur sportspeople. , 2009, ss.16 - 22.
AMA	ALICIOĞLU B,ULUÇAM E,Cığalı B,YILMAZ A,TAŞKINALP O The effects of smoking on tendon thickness and degeneration in young amateur sportspeople. . 2009; 16 - 22.
Vancouver	ALICIOĞLU B,ULUÇAM E,Cığalı B,YILMAZ A,TAŞKINALP O The effects of smoking on tendon thickness and degeneration in young amateur sportspeople. . 2009; 16 - 22.
IEEE	ALICIOĞLU B,ULUÇAM E,Cığalı B,YILMAZ A,TAŞKINALP O "The effects of smoking on tendon thickness and degeneration in young amateur sportspeople." , ss.16 - 22, 2009.
ISNAD	ALICIOĞLU, Banu vd. "The effects of smoking on tendon thickness and degeneration in young amateur sportspeople". (2009), 16-22.

APA	ALICIOĞLU B, ULUÇAM E, Cığalı B, YILMAZ A, TAŞKINALP O (2009). The effects of smoking on tendon thickness and degeneration in young amateur sportspeople. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 36(1), 16 - 22.
Chicago	ALICIOĞLU Banu,ULUÇAM Enis,Cığalı Bülent Sabri,YILMAZ ALİ,TAŞKINALP Oğuz The effects of smoking on tendon thickness and degeneration in young amateur sportspeople. Dicle Tıp Dergisi 36, no.1 (2009): 16 - 22.
MLA	ALICIOĞLU Banu,ULUÇAM Enis,Cığalı Bülent Sabri,YILMAZ ALİ,TAŞKINALP Oğuz The effects of smoking on tendon thickness and degeneration in young amateur sportspeople. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, vol.36, no.1, 2009, ss.16 - 22.
AMA	ALICIOĞLU B,ULUÇAM E,Cığalı B,YILMAZ A,TAŞKINALP O The effects of smoking on tendon thickness and degeneration in young amateur sportspeople. Dicle Tıp Dergisi. 2009; 36(1): 16 - 22.
Vancouver	ALICIOĞLU B,ULUÇAM E,Cığalı B,YILMAZ A,TAŞKINALP O The effects of smoking on tendon thickness and degeneration in young amateur sportspeople. Dicle Tıp Dergisi. 2009; 36(1): 16 - 22.
IEEE	ALICIOĞLU B,ULUÇAM E,Cığalı B,YILMAZ A,TAŞKINALP O "The effects of smoking on tendon thickness and degeneration in young amateur sportspeople." Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 36, ss.16 - 22, 2009.
ISNAD	ALICIOĞLU, Banu vd. "The effects of smoking on tendon thickness and degeneration in young amateur sportspeople". Dicle Tıp Dergisi 36/1 (2009), 16-22.