U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic Compositions of the Late Cretaceous I-type Sarıosman pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey

CHEN, Bın; SIEBEL, Wolfgang; KAYGUSUZ, Adullah; Aslan, Zafer; ŞEN, Cüneyt

U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic Compositions of the Late Cretaceous I-type Sarıosman pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey

Adullah KAYGUSUZ, (Gümüşhane Üniversitesi, Gümüşhane, Türkiye)

Bın CHEN, (Department, of Geological Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China)

Zafer ASLAN, (Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Balıkesir, Türkiye)

Wolfgang SIEBEL, (Institute of Geosciences, Universität Tübingen, Wilhelmstrasse 56, D−72074 Tübingen, Germany)

Cüneyt ŞEN (Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon, Türkiye)

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

3 0

Yıl: 2009 Cilt: 18 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 549 - 581 Metin Dili: İngilizce İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic Compositions of the Late Cretaceous I-type Sarıosman pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey

Öz:

Doğu Pontidler’de Geç Kretase yaşlı Sarıosman plutonu’nun petrojenezi ve U-Pb SHRIMP zirkon yaşları, tüm kayaç Sr-Nd izotop verileri ve arazi, petrografik ve tüm kayaç jeokimyasal verilerine dayanarak irdelenmiştir. I-tipi Sarıosman plütonu’nun ana kütlesi biyotit-hornblend monzogranit ve daha az olarak da porfirik hornblend-biyotit monzogranitten oluşur. Biyotit hornblend monzogranitler az sayıda kuvarslı monzodiyorit bileşimli mafik magmatik anklavlar içerirler. U-Pb zirkon SHRIMP yöntemine göre biyotit hornblend monzograniti oluşturan magmanın yerleşim yaşı 82.7±1.5 My’dır. Plütonu oluşturan kayaçlar yüksek K’lu kalk alkalen, metalümin kısmen de peralümin karaktere sahiptirler. Kayaçlar yüksek alan enerjili elementlere kıyasla büyük iyon yarıçaplı litofil elementler ve hafif nadir toprak elementlerce zenginleşmiş olup, yay ile ilişkili granitoyid özelliği gösterirler. Kondirite göre normalleştirilmiş nadir toprak element dağılımları konkav şekilli (Lacn/Lucn= 10.1–13.4) olup, hafif negative Eu anomalisi (Eu/Eu*= 0.61–0.80) gösterirler. εNd(i) değerleri –3.0 ve –4.1 arasında değişirken, 87Sr/86Sr(i) değerleri 0.7062 ve 0.707 arasında değişmektedir. Mafik magmatik anklavlar monzogranitlere kıyasla daha yüksek Mg# (27–29), daha düşük silis (56–58) ve alüminyum doygunluk indeksi (0.9–1.0) değerleri içerirler. Sarıosman plutonu’nun gelişiminde plajiyoklas, hornblend ve Fe-Ti oksit fraksiyonlaşması önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Magmanın kristalleşme sıcaklığı 700– 800 °C arasında olup, Al-hornblend jeobarometresine göre intrüzyon nisbeten sığ bir derinliğe (~2 to 7 km) yerleşmiştir. Jeokimyasal ve izotopik veriler, Sarıosman plutonu’nun kaynağının dehydratizasyona uğramış mafik alt kabuk kayaçları olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

ABDEL-RAHMAN, A.F.M. 1994. Nature of biotites from alkaline, calcalkaline and peraluminous magmas. Journal of Petrology 35, 525–541.
ADAMIA, S.A., LORDKIPANIDZE, M.B. & ZAKARIADZE G.S. 1977. Evolution of an active continental margin as exemplified by the Alpine history of the Caucasus. Tectonophysics 40, 183– 199.
AĞAR, U. 1977. Demirözü (Bayburt) ve Köse (Kelkit) Bölgesinin Jeolojisi [Geology of Demirözü (Bayburt) ve Köse (Kelkit) Region]. PhD Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon [in Turkish with English abstract, unpublished].
AKIN, H. 1978. Geologie, Magmatismus und Lagerstaettenbildung im ostpontischen Gebirge-Türkei aus der Sicht der Plattentektonik. Geolgische Rundschau 68, 253–283.
ALTHERR, R., HOLL, A., HEGNER, E., LANGER, C. & KREUZER, H. 2000. High potassium, calc-alkaline I-type plutonism in the European Variscides: northern Vosges (France) and northern Schwarzwald (Germany). Lithos 50, 51–73.
ALTHERR, R. & SIEBEL, W. 2002. I-type plutonism in a continental back-arc setting: Miocene granitoids and monzonites from the central Aegean Sea, Greece. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 143, 397–415.
ANDERSON, J.L. & SMITH, D.R. 1995. The effects of temperature and oxygen fugacity on the Al-in-hornblende barometry. American Mineralogist 80, 549–559.
ARSLAN, M. & ASLAN, Z. 2005. Mineralogy, petrography and wholerock geochemistry of the Tertiary granitic intrusions in the Eastern Pontides, Turkey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 27, 177–193.
ARSLAN, M., TÜYSÜZ, N., KORKMAZ, S. & KURT, H. 1997. Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the eastern Pontide volcanic rocks, Northeast Turkey. Chemie der Erde 57, 157– 187.
ARSLAN, M., ASLAN, Z. & ŞEN, C. 1999. Post-collision granitic intrusions of Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: implications to Pontide arc evolution during Tertiary time. In: BARBARIN, B. (ed), The Origin of Granites and Related Rocks. 4th Hutton Symposium, p. 124.
ARSLAN, M., ŞEN, C., ALİYAZICIOĞLU, İ., KAYGUSUZ, A. & ASLAN, Z. 2000. Trabzon ve Gümüşhane yörelerinde (KD, Türkiye) yüzeylenen Eosen (?) volkanitlerinin karşılaştırmalı jeolojisi, mineralojisi ve petrolojisi [Comparative geology, mineralogy and petrology of Eocene (?) volcanics in Trabzon and Gümüşhane areas (NE, Turkey)]. Yerbilimleri ve Madencilik Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı 1, 39–53 [in Turkish with English abstract].
ARSLAN, M., KOLAYLI, H. & TEMİZEL, İ. 2004. Petrographical, geochemical and petrological characteristics of the Güre (Giresun, NE Turkey) Granitoid. Bulletin of Earth Sciences Application and Research Centre of Hacettepe University 30, 1– 21.
BACON, C.R. & DRUITT, T.H. 1988. Compositional evolution of the zoned calc-alkaline magma chamber of Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 98, 224–256.
BARBARIN, B. 1988. Field evidence for successive mixing and mingling between the Piolard Diorite and the Saint-Julien-La- Vetre Monzogranite (Nord-Forez, Massif Central, France). Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, 49–59.
BARBARIN, B. 1999. A review of the relationships between granitoid types, their origins and their geodynamic environments. Lithos 46, 605–626.
BAXTER, S. & FEELY, M. 2002. Magma mixing and mingling textures in granitoids: examples from the Galway Granite, Ireland. Mineralogy and Petrology 76, 63–74.
BEARD, J.S., LOFGREN, G.E., SINKA, A.K. & TOLLO, R.P. 1994. Partial melting of apatite-bearing charnockite, granulite, and diorite: melt compositions, restite mineralogy, and petrologic implications. Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 21591–21604.
BEKTAŞ, O. & ÇAPKINOĞLU, Ş. 1997. Neptunian dikes and block tectonics in the eastern Pontide Magmatic Arc, NE Turkey: implications for the kinematics of the Mesozoic basins. Geosound 30, 451–461.
BLUNDY, J.D. & HOLLAND, T.J.B. 1990. Calcic amphibole equilibria and a new amphibole-plagioclase geothermometer. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 104, 208–224.
BOZTUĞ, D. 2008. Petrogenesis of the Kösedağ Pluton, Suşehri-NE Sivas, east-central Pontides, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 17, 241–262.
BOZTUĞ, D., ERÇİN, A.İ., KURUÇELİK, M.K., GÖÇ, D., KÖMÜR, İ. & İSKENDEROĞLU, A. 2006. Geochemical characteristics of the composite Kaçkar batholith generated in a Neo-Tethyan convergence system, Eastern Pontides, Turkey. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 27, 286–302.
BOZTUĞ, D., JONCKHEERE, R., WAGNER, G.A. & YEĞİNGİL, Z. 2004. Slow Senonian and fast Palaeocene–Early Eocene uplift of the granitoids in the Central Eastern Pontides, Turkey: apatite fission-track results. Tectonophysics 382, 213–228.
BOZTUĞ, D., KUŞÇU, İ., ERÇİN, A.İ., AVCI, N. & ŞAHİN, S.Y. 2003. Mineral deposits associated with the pre-, syn- and postcollisional granitoids of the Neo-Tethyan convergence system between the Eurasian and Anatolian plates in NE and Central Turkey. In: ELIOPOULOPS, D. et al. (eds) Mineral Exploration and Sustainable Development. Millpress, Rotterdam, 1141– 1144.
BROWN, G.C., THORPE, R.S. & WEBB, P.C. 1984. The geochemical characteristics of granitoids in contrasting arcs and comments on magma sources. Journal of the Geological Society, London 141, 413–426.
ÇAMUR, M.Z., GÜVEN, İ.H. & ER, M. 1996. Geochemical characteristics of the Eastern Pontide volcanics: An example of multiple volcanic cycles in arc evolution. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 5, 123–144.
CHAPPELL, BW. & WHITE, A.J.R. 1974. Two contrasting granite types. Pacific Geology 8, 173–174.
CHAPPELL, B.W. & WHITE, A.J.R. 1992. I- and S-type granites in the Lachlan Fold Belt. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 83, 1–26.
CRAWFORD, M.B. & SEARLE, M.P. 1992. Field relationships and geochemistry of precollisional (India–Asia) granitoid magmatism in the central Karakoram, northern Pakistan. Tectonophysics 206, 171–192.
ÇOĞULU, E. 1975. Gümüşhane ve Rize Granitik Plutonlarının Mukayeseli Petrojeolojik ve Jeokronolojik Etüdü [Petrogeologic and Geochronologic Investigation of Gümüşhane and Rize Granitic Plutons and Their Comparison]. Dissertation Thesis, İstanbul Technical University [in Turkish with English abstract, unpublished].
DEBON, F. & LE FORT, P. 1982. A chemical-mineralogical classification of common plutonic rocks and associations. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 73, 135–149.
DEBON, F., LE FORT, P., DAUTEL, D., SONET, J. & ZIMMERMANN, J.L. 1987. Granites of western Karakoram and northern Kohistan (Pakistan): a composite Mid-Cretaceous to Upper Cenozoic magmatism. Lithos 20, 19–40.
DELALOYE, M., ÇOĞULU, E. & CHESSEX, R. 1972. Etude géochronometrique des massifs cristallins de Rize et de Gümüşhane, Pontides Orientales (Turquie). Archives des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles 25, Supplement 7, 43–52.
DEPAOLO, D.J. 1981. Trace element and isotopic effects of combined wallrock assimilation and fractional crystallization. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 53, 189–202.
DOKUZ, A., TANYOLU, E. & GENÇ, S. 2006. A mantle- and a lower crust-derived bimodal suite in the Yusufeli (Artvin) area, NE Turkey: trace element and REE evidence for subductionrelated rift origin of Early Jurassic Demirkent intrusive complex. International Journal of Earth Sciences 95, 370–394.
DRUMMOND, M.S. & DEFANT, M.J. 1990. A model for trondhjemitetonalite- dacite genesis and crustal growth via slab melting: Archean to modern comparisons. Journal of Geophysical Research 95, 21503–21521.
EĞİN, D., HIRST, D.M. & PHILLIPS, R. 1979. The petrology and geochemistry of volcanic rocks from the northern Harşit river area, Pontide volcanic province, northeast Turkey. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 6, 105–123.
EYÜBOĞLU, Y., BEKTAŞ, O. & PUL, D. 2007. Mid-Cretaceous olistostromal ophiolitic melange developed in the back-arc basin of the eastern Pontide magmatic arc, northeast Turkey. International Geology Review 49, 1103–1126.
FLOYD, P.A. & WINCHESTER, J.A. 1975. Magma type and tectonic setting discrimination using immobile elements. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 27, 211–218.
FROST, B.R., BARNES, C.G., COLLINS, W.J., ARCULUS, R.J., ELLIS, D.J. & FROST, C.D. 2001. A geochemical classification for granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology 42, 2033–2048.
GALAN, G., PIN, C. & DUTHON, J.L. 1996. Sr–Nd isotopic record of multi-stage interactions between mantle derived magmas and crustal components in a collision context: the ultramaficgranitoid association from Vivero (Hercynian belt, NW Spain). Chemical Geology 131, 67–91.
GARDIEN, V., THOMPSON, A.B., GRUJIC, D. & ULMER, P. 1995. Experimental melting of biotite + plagioclase + quartz ± muscovite assemblages and implications for crustal melting. Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 15581–15591.
GEDİKOĞLU, A. 1978. Harşit Granit Karmaşığı ve Çevre Kayaçları [Harşit Granite Complex and its Country Rocks (Giresun- Doğankent)]. PhD Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon [in Turkish with English abstract, unpublished].
GEDİK, A., ERCAN, T., KORKMAZ, S. & KARATAŞ, S. 1992. Rize-Fındıklı Çamlıhemşin arasında (Doğu Karadeniz) yer alan magmatik kayaçların petrolojisi ve Doğu Pontidlerdeki bölgesel yayılımları [Petrology of the magmatic rocks around Rize- Fındıklı-Çamlıhemşin (eastern Black Sea) and their distribution at the eastern Pontides]. Geological Bulletin of Turkey 35, 15–38 [in Turkish with English abstract].
GILES, D.L. 1974. Geology and Mineralization of the Ulutaş Copper– molybdenum Prospect, Mineral Exploration in Two Areas. UNDP Technical Report, 6, MTA, Ankara [unpublished].
GÜVEN, İ.H. 1993. 1/250,000-Scale Geological and Metallogenical Map of the Eastern Black Sea Region. Publications of Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey (MTA), Trabzon.
HAMMASTROM, J.M. & ZEN, E.A. 1986. Aluminum in hornblende: an empirical igneous geobarometer. American Mineralogist 71, 1297–1313.
HARRIS, N.B.W., PEARCE, J.A. & TINDLE, A.G. 1986. Geochemical characteristics of collision-zone magmatism. In: COWARD, M. P. & RIES, A. C. (eds), Collision Tectonics. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 19, 67–81.
HIBBARD, M.J. 1991. Textural anatomy of twelve magma-mixed granitoid systems. In: DIDIER, J. & BARBARIN, B. (eds), Enclaves and Granite Petrology. Developments in Petrology, Vol 13, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 431–444.
HOLLISTER, L.S., GRISSOM, G.C., PETERS, E.K., STOWELL, H.H. & SISSON, V.B. 1987. Confirmation of the empirical correlation of Al in hornblende with pressure of solidification of calcalkaline plutons. American Mineralogist 72, 231–239.
İLBEYLİ, N. 2008. Geochemical characteristics of the Şebinkarahisar granitoids in the Eastern Pontides, northeast Turkey: Petrogenesis and tectonic implications. International Geology Review 50, 563–582.
IRVINE, T.N. & BARAGAR, W.R.A. 1971. A guide to chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 8, 523–548.
JICA. 1986. The Republic of Turkey Report on the Cooperative Mineral Exploration of Gümüşhane Area, Consolidated Report. Japanese International Cooperation Agency, Metal Mining Agency of Japan.
KARSLI, O., AYDIN, F. & SADIKLAR, M.B. 2004. Magma interaction recorded in plagioclase zoning in granitoid systems, Zigana Granitoid, Eastern Pontides, Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 13, 287–305.
KAYGUSUZ, A. 2000. Torul ve Çevresinde Yüzeylenen Kayaçların Petrografik ve Jeokimyasal İncelenmesi [Petrograhic and Geochemical Investigations of Rocks Exposing in and Around Torul]. PhD Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon [in Turkish with English abstract, unpublished].
KAYGUSUZ, A. & ŞEN, C. 1998. Torul (Gümüşhane) granitoyidinin petrografik ve kimyasal karakterleri [Petrographic and chemical characteristics of Torul (Gümüşhane) granitoid]. Fırat Üniversitesinde Jeoloji Mühendisliği Eğitiminin 20. Yılı Sempozyumu Bildirileri, 381–388 [in Turkish with English abstract].
KAYGUSUZ, A., WOLFGANG, S., ŞEN, C. & SATIR, M. 2008. Petrochemistry and petrology of I-type granitoids in an arc setting: the composite Torul pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. International Journal of Earth Sciences 97, 739–764.
KAYGUSUZ, A. & AYDINÇAKIR, E. 2009. Mineralogy, whole-rock and Sr–Nd isotope geochemistry of mafic microgranular enclaves in Cretaceous Dagbasi granitoids, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: Evidence of magma mixing, mingling and chemical equilibration. Chemie der Erde–Geochemistry 69, 247–277.
KAZMIN, V.G., SBORTSHIKOV, I.M., RICOU, L.E., ZONENSHAIN, L.P., BOULIN, J. & KNIPPER, A. 1986. Volcanic belts as markers of the Mesozoic–Cenozoic evolution of Tethys. Tectonophysics 123, 123–152.
KETİN, İ. 1966. Anadolunun tektonik birlikleri [Tectonic units of Anatolia]. MTA Dergisi 66, 22–34.
KÖPRÜBAŞI, N., ŞEN, C. & KAYGUSUZ, A. 2000. Doğu Pontid adayayı granitoyidlerin karşılaştırılmalı petrografik ve kimyasal özellikleri [Comparative petrographical and chemical features of the eastern Pontide arc granitoid]. Uygulamalı Yerbilimleri 1, 111–120 [in Turkish with English abstract].
KORKMAZ, S., TÜYSÜZ, N., ER, M., MUSAOĞLU, A. & KESKİN, İ. 1995. Stratigraphy of the Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. In: ERLER, A. et al. (eds), Proocedings of the international symposium of the geology of the Black Sea Region, 59–69.
LAMEYRE, J. & BOWDEN, P. 1982. Plutonic rock type series: discrimination of various granitoids series and related rocks. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 14, 169–186.
LEAKE, B.E., WOOLLEY, A.R., ARPS, C.E.S., BIRCH, W.D., GILBERT, M.C., GRICE, J.D., HAWTHORNE, F.C., KATO, A., KISCH, H.J., KRIVOVICHEV, V.G., LINTHOUT, K., LAIRD, J., MANDARINO, J.A., MARESCH, W.V., NICKEL, E.H., ROCK, N.M.S., SCHUMACHER, J.C., SMITH, D.C., STEPHENSON, N.C.N., UNGARETTI, L., WHITTAKER, E.J.W. & YOUZHI, G. 1997. Nomenclature of amphiboles: report of the subcomittee on amphiboles of the international mineralogical association, commission on new minerals and mineral names. American Mineralogist 82, 1019– 1037.
LESHER, C.E. 1990. Decoupling of chemical and isotopic exchange during magma mixing. Nature 344, 235–237.
LIEW, T.C. & HOFMANN, A.W. 1988. Precambrian crustal components, plutonic associations, plate environment of the Hercynian Fold Belt of central Europe: Inidications from a Nd and Sr isotopic study. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 98, 129-138.
LOPÉZ, S. & CASTRO, A. 2001. Determination of the fluid-absent solidus and supersolidus phase relationships of MORBderived amphibolites in the range 4–14 kbar. American Mineralogist 86, 1396–1403.
LUDWIG, K.R. 2003. ISOPLOT 3.0: A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley Geochronology Center, Special Publication No. 4.
MANETTI, P., PECCERILLO, A., POLI, G. & CORSINI, F. 1983. Petrochemical contraints on the models of Cretaceous–Eocene tectonic evolution of the Eastern Pontide Chain (Turkey). Cretaceous Research 4, 159-172.
MOORE, W.J., MCKEE, E.H. & AKINCI, Ö. 1980. Chemistry and chronology of plutonic rocks in the Pontide mountains, northern Turkey. Symposium of European Copper Deposits, Belgrade, 209–216.
NACHIT, H., RAZAFIMAHEFA, N., STUSSI, J.M. & CARRON, J.P. 1985. Composition chimique des biotites et typologie magmatique des granitoides. Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences de Paris 301, 813–818.
OKAY, A. & ŞAHİNTÜRK, Ö. 1997. Geology of the Eastern Pontides. In: ROBINSON, A.G. (ed), Regional and Petroleum Geology of the Black Sea and Surrounding Region. AAPG Memoir 68, 291– 311.
ÖZSAYAR, T., PELİN, S. & GEDİKOĞLU, A. 1981. Doğu Pontidler’de Kretase [Cretaceous in the eastern Pontides]. KTÜ Yer Bilimleri Dergisi 1, 65–14 [in Turkish with English abstract].
PATIÑO DOUCE, A.E. 1997. Generation of metaluminous A-type granites by low-pressure melting of calc-alkaline granitoids. Geology 25, 743–746.
PATIÑO DOUCE, A.E. 1999. What do experiments tell us about the relative contributions of crust and mantle to the origin of granitic magmas? In: CASTRO, A., FERNANDEZ, C. & VIGNERESSE, J.L. (eds), Understanding Granites: Integrating New and Classical Techniques. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 168, 55–75.
PATIÑO DOUCE, A.E. & BEARD, J.S. 1996. Effects of P, f (O2) and Mg/Fe ratio on dehydration melting of model metagreywackes. Journal of Petrology 37, 999–1024.
PATIÑO DOUCE, A.E. & JOHNSTON, A.D. 1991. Phase equilibria and melt productivity in the pelite system: implications for the origin of peraluminous granitoids and aluminous granulites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 107, 202–218.
PATIÑO DOUCE, A.E. & MCCARTHY, T.C. 1998. Melting of crustal rocks during continental collision and subduction. In: HACKER, B.R. & LIOU, J.G. (eds),When Continents Collide: Geodynamics and Geochemistry of Ultra-high Pressure Rocks. Kluwer, Academic Publisher, Dordrecht, 27–55.
PEARCE, J.A., HARRIS, N.B.W. & TINDLE, A.G. 1984. Trace element discrimination diagram for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology 25, 956–983.
PECCERILLO, R. & TAYLOR, S.R. 1976. Geochemistry of Eocene calcalkaline volcanic rocks from the Kastamonu area, northern Turkey. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 58, 63–81.
PETTERSON, M.G. & WINDLEY, B.F. 1985. Rb–Sr dating of the Kohistan arc Batholith in the trans- Himalayan of N. Pakistan and tectonic implications. Earth Planetary Science Letters 74, 45–75.
QIAO, G. 1988. Normalization of isotopic dilution analyses–a new program for isotope mass spectrometric analysis. Scientia Sinica 31, 1263-1268.
RAPP, R.P. 1995. Amphibole-out phase boundary in partially melted metabasalt, its control over liquid fraction and composition, and source permeability. Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 15601–15610.
RAPP, R.P. & WATSON, E.B. 1995. Dehydration melting of metabasalt at 8–32 kbar: implications for continental growth and crustmantle recycling. Journal of Petrology 36, 891–931.
RAPP, R.P., WATSON, E.B. & MILLER, C.F. 1991. Partial melting of amphibolite eclogite and the origin of Archean trondhjemites and tonalites. Precambrian Research 51, 1–25.
ROBERTS, M.P. & CLEMENS, J.D. 1993. Origin of high-potassium, calcalkaline, I-type granitoids. Geology 21, 825–828.
ROBINSON, A.G., BANKS, C.J., RUTHERFORD, M.M. & HIRST, J.P.P. 1995. Stratigraphic and structural development of the eastern Pontides, Turkey. Journal of the Geological Society, London 152, 861– 872.
ROGERS, G. & HAWKESWORTH, C.J. 1989. A geochemical traverse across the North Chilean Andes: evidence for crust generation from the mantle-wedge. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 91, 271–285.
ROLLAND, Y., PICARD, C., PECHER, A., LAPIERRE, H., BOSCH, D. & KELLER, F. 2002. The Cretaceous Ladakh arc of NW Himalayan-slab melting and melt-mantle interaction during fast northward drift of Indian plate. Chemical Geology 182, 139–178.
RUSHMER, T. 1991. Partial melting of two amphibolites: contrasting experimental results under fluid-absent conditions. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 107, 41–59.
SAJONA, F.G., MAURY, R.C., BELLON, H., COTTON, J. & DEFANT, M. 1996. High field strength element enrichment of Pliocene– Pleistocene Island Arc Basalts, Zamboanga Peninsula, western Mindanao (Philippines). Journal of Petrology 37, 693–726.
SCHMIDT, M.W. 1992. Amphibole composition in tonalite as a function of pressure: an experimental calibration of the Al-inhornblende barometer. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 110, 304–310.
ŞEN, C. & DUNN, T. 1994. Dehydration melting of a basaltic composition amphibolite at 1.5 and 2.0 GPa: implications for the origin of adakites. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 117, 394–409.
ŞEN, C., ARSLAN, M. & VAN, A. 1998. Geochemical and petrological characteristics of the eastern Pontide Eocene (?) alkaline volcanic province, NE Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 7, 231–239.
ŞENGÖR, A.M.C., ÖZEREN, S., GENÇ, T. & ZOR, E. 2003. East Anatolian high plateau as a mantle-supported, north–south shortened domal structure. Geophysical Research Letter 30 (24), 8045. doi:10.1029/2003GL017858.
SHAND, S.J. 1947. Eruptive Rocks. Their Genesis, Composition, Classification and Their Relation to Ore-deposits. 3rd edition, J Wiley Sons, New York.
SINGH, J. & JOHANNES, W. 1996. Dehydration melting of tonalites: Part II. composition of melts and solids. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 125, 26–44.
SKJERLIE, K.P. & JOHNSTON, A.D. 1996. Vapour-absent melting from 10 to 20 kbar of crustal rocks that contain multiple hydrous phases: implications for anatexis in the deep to very deep continental crust and active continental margins. Journal of Petrology 37, 661–691.
STEVENS, G., CLEMENS, J.D. & DROOP, G.T.R. 1997. Melt production during granulite facies anatexis: experimental data from ‘primitive’ metasedimentary protoliths. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 128, 352–370.
STRECKEISEN, A. 1976. To each plutonic rock its proper name. Earth Science Review 12, 1–33.
SUN, S.S. & MCDONOUGH, W.F. 1989. Chemical and isotope systematics of oceanic basalts; implication for mantle compositions and processes. In: SAUNDERS, A.D. & NORY, M.J. (eds), Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 42, 313–345.
TANER, M.F. 1977. Etuda géologique et pétrographique de la région de Güneyce-İkizdere, située au sud de Rize (Pontides orientales, Turquie). PhD Thesis, Universite de Geneve [unpublished].
TARNEY, J. & JONES, C.E. 1994. Trace element geochemistry of orogenic igneous rocks and crustal growth models. Journal of the Geological Society, London 151, 855–868.
TAYLOR, S.R. & MCLENNAN, S.M. 1985. The Continental Crust: Its Composition and Evolution. Oxford, Blackwell Publication.
TEPPER, J.H., NELSON, B.K., BERGANTZ, G.W. & IRVING, A.J. 1993. Petrology of the Chilliwack batholith, North Cascades, Washington: generation of calc-alkaline granitoids by melting of mafic lower crust with variable fugacity. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 113, 333–351.
THOMPSON, A.B. 1996. Fertility of crustal rocks during anatexis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 87, 1–10.
THOMPSON, A.B. & CONNOLLY, J.A.D. 1995. Melting of the continental crust: some thermal and petrological constraints on anatexis in continental collision zones and other tectonic settings. Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 15565–15579.
TOKEL, S. 1977. Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde Eosen yaşlı kalk alkalen andezitler ve jeotektonizma [Eocene calc-alkaline andesites and geotectonism in the Eastern Black Sea region]. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni 20, 49–54.
TOPUZ, G. 2002. Retrograde P–T path of anatectic migmatites from the Pulur Massif, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: petrological and microtextural constraints. First International Symposium of the Faculty of Mines (İTÜ) on Earth Sciences and Engineering Abstracts, İstanbul, Turkey 2002, p. 110.
TOPUZ, G., ALTHER, R., SCHWARZ, W.H., SIEBEL, W., SATIR, M. & DOKUZ, A. 2005. Post-collisional plutonism with adakite-like signatures: the Eocene Saraycık granodiorite (Eastern Pontides, Turkey). Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 150, 441–455.
VIELZEUF, D. & HOLLOWAY, J.R. 1988. Experimental determinations of the fluid-absent melting reactions in the pelitic system. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 98, 257–276.
WHALEN, J.B., CURRIE, K.L. & CHAPPELL, B.W. 1987. A-type granites: geochemical characteristics, discrimination and petrogenesis. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 95, 407– 419.
WILLIAMS I.S. 1998. U-Th-Pb geochronology by ion microprobe. In: MCKIBBEN, M.A., SHANKS, W.C. & RIDLEY, W.I. (eds), Application of Microanalytical Techniques to Understanding Mineralizing Processes. Reviews in Economic Geology 7, 1–35
WINTHER, K.T. 1996. An experimentally based model for the origin of tonalitic and trondhjemitic melts. Chemical Geology 127, 43–59.
WOLF, M. & WYLLIE, P. 1994. Dehydration melting of solid amphibolite at 10 kb. the effect of temperature and time. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 115, 369–383.
WYLLIE, P.J. & WOLF, M.B. 1993. Amphibolite dehydration-melting: sorting out the solidus. In: PRICHARD, H.M., ALABASTER, T., HARRIS, N.B.W. & NEARY, C.R. (eds), Magmatic Processes and Plate Tectonics. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 76, 405–416.
YEĞİNGİL, Z., BOZTUĞ, D., ER, M., ODDONE, M. & BIGAZZI, G. 2002. Timing of neotectonic fracturing by fission-track dating of obsidian in-filling faults in the İkizdere-Rize area, NE Black Sea region Turkey. Terra Nova 14, 169–174.
YILMAZ, A., ADAMIA, S., CHABUKIANI, A., CHKHOTUA, T., ERDOĞAN, K., TUZCU, S. & KARABIYIKOĞLU, M. 2000. Structural correlation of the southern Transcaucasus (Georgia) –eastern Pontides (Turkey). In: BOZKURT, E., WINCHESTER, J.A. & PIPER, J.D.A. (eds), Tectonics and Magmatism in Turkey and Surrounding Area. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 173, 171–182.
YILMAZ, S. & BOZTUĞ, D. 1996. Space and time relations of three plutonic phases in the Eastern Pontides, Turkey. International Geology Review 38, 935–956.
YILMAZ-ŞAHİN, S. 2005. Transition from arc- to post-collision extensional setting revealed by K–Ar dating and petrology: an example from the granitoids of the Eastern Pontide Igneous Terrane, Araklı-Trabzon, NE Turkey. Geological Journal 40, 425–440.
YILMAZ, Y. 1972. Petrology and Structure of the Gümüşhane Granite and Surrounding Rocks, North-eastern Anatolia. PhD Thesis, University of London [unpublished].
YILMAZ, Y., TÜYSÜZ, O., YİĞİTBAŞ, E., GENÇ, Ş.C. & ŞENGÖR, A.M.C. 1997. Geology and tectonic evolution of the Pontides. In: ROBINSON, A.G. (ed), Regional and Petroleum Geology of the Black Sea and Surrounding Region. AAPG Memoir 68, 183- 226.
ZHANG, H.-F., SUN, M., ZHOU, X. H., FAN, W. M. & YIN, J.F. 2002. Mesozoik Lithosphere Destruction Beneath the North Chına Craton: Evidence From Major, Trace Element, and Sr-Nd-Pb Isotope Studies of Fangcheng Basalts. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 144, 241–53.
ZORPI, M.J., COULON, C. & ORISINI, J.B. 1991. Hybridization between felsic and mafic magmas in calc-alkaline granitoids: a case study in northern Sardinia, Italy. Chemical Geology 92, 45–86.

APA	KAYGUSUZ A, CHEN B, Aslan Z, SIEBEL W, ŞEN C (2009). U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic Compositions of the Late Cretaceous I-type Sarıosman pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. , 549 - 581.
Chicago	KAYGUSUZ Adullah,CHEN Bın,Aslan Zafer,SIEBEL Wolfgang,ŞEN Cüneyt U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic Compositions of the Late Cretaceous I-type Sarıosman pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. (2009): 549 - 581.
MLA	KAYGUSUZ Adullah,CHEN Bın,Aslan Zafer,SIEBEL Wolfgang,ŞEN Cüneyt U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic Compositions of the Late Cretaceous I-type Sarıosman pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. , 2009, ss.549 - 581.
AMA	KAYGUSUZ A,CHEN B,Aslan Z,SIEBEL W,ŞEN C U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic Compositions of the Late Cretaceous I-type Sarıosman pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. . 2009; 549 - 581.
Vancouver	KAYGUSUZ A,CHEN B,Aslan Z,SIEBEL W,ŞEN C U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic Compositions of the Late Cretaceous I-type Sarıosman pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. . 2009; 549 - 581.
IEEE	KAYGUSUZ A,CHEN B,Aslan Z,SIEBEL W,ŞEN C "U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic Compositions of the Late Cretaceous I-type Sarıosman pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey." , ss.549 - 581, 2009.
ISNAD	KAYGUSUZ, Adullah vd. "U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic Compositions of the Late Cretaceous I-type Sarıosman pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey". (2009), 549-581.

APA	KAYGUSUZ A, CHEN B, Aslan Z, SIEBEL W, ŞEN C (2009). U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic Compositions of the Late Cretaceous I-type Sarıosman pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 18(4), 549 - 581.
Chicago	KAYGUSUZ Adullah,CHEN Bın,Aslan Zafer,SIEBEL Wolfgang,ŞEN Cüneyt U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic Compositions of the Late Cretaceous I-type Sarıosman pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 18, no.4 (2009): 549 - 581.
MLA	KAYGUSUZ Adullah,CHEN Bın,Aslan Zafer,SIEBEL Wolfgang,ŞEN Cüneyt U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic Compositions of the Late Cretaceous I-type Sarıosman pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.18, no.4, 2009, ss.549 - 581.
AMA	KAYGUSUZ A,CHEN B,Aslan Z,SIEBEL W,ŞEN C U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic Compositions of the Late Cretaceous I-type Sarıosman pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2009; 18(4): 549 - 581.
Vancouver	KAYGUSUZ A,CHEN B,Aslan Z,SIEBEL W,ŞEN C U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic Compositions of the Late Cretaceous I-type Sarıosman pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences. 2009; 18(4): 549 - 581.
IEEE	KAYGUSUZ A,CHEN B,Aslan Z,SIEBEL W,ŞEN C "U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic Compositions of the Late Cretaceous I-type Sarıosman pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey." Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 18, ss.549 - 581, 2009.
ISNAD	KAYGUSUZ, Adullah vd. "U-Pb SHRIMP zircon ages, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic Compositions of the Late Cretaceous I-type Sarıosman pluton, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey". Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences 18/4 (2009), 549-581.