The effect of nicotine treatment on propofol injection pain

DELATİOĞLU, Hamdi; Erden, Veysel; ERKALPİ, Kerem; YANGIN, Zehra; Basaranoglu, Gokcen; SAİTOĞLU, Leyla; TEKER, M.Gökhan

The effect of nicotine treatment on propofol injection pain

Veysel ERDEN, (Vakıf Gureba Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Kliniği, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Gökçen BAŞARANOĞLU, (Vakıf Gureba Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Kliniği, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Kerem ERKALPİ, (Vakıf Gureba Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Kliniği, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Zehra YANGIN, (Vakıf Gureba Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Kliniği, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Hamdi DELATİOĞLU, (Vakıf Gureba Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Kliniği, İstanbul, Türkiye)

M.Gökhan TEKER, (Vakıf Gureba Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Kliniği, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Leyla SAİTOĞLU (Vakıf Gureba Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Anesteziyoloji ve Reanimasyon Kliniği, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi

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Yıl: 2010 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 18 - 22 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

The effect of nicotine treatment on propofol injection pain

Öz:

Amaç: Sigara içenlerde içmeyenlere oranla ağrı riski daha fazladır. Propofol injeksiyon ağrısının insidansı %70'tir. Bu çalışmada, sigara içme alışkanlıkları ile propofol injeksiyon ağrısı arasındaki ilişkiyi, sigara içenlerde nikotin replasmanının propofol injeksiyon ağrısının yoğunluk ve insidansı üzerine etkisi olup olmadığını araştırdık.Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Elektif cerrahi girişim geçirecek olan ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) fiziksel durumu I, iki yüz hasta, sigara kullananlar (50'si sigara içenler-50'si sigara içenler/nikotin replasmanı yapılanlar) ve sigara kullanmayanlar (50'si sigara içmeyenler, 50'si sigara içmeyenler/nikotin replasmanı yapılanlar) olarak rasgele gruplandırıldılar. Cerrahi öncesi anestezist, rasgele olarak sigara içenlerin 50'sine ve sigara içmeyenlerin 50'sine nikotin sakızı verdi. Propofol injeksiyon ağrısının şiddeti, dört nokta skalası (hiç, hafif, orta, şiddetli) kullanılarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Ağrı sıklığı, sigara içenler grubunda sigara içmeyenler grubuna, sigara içen/nikotin grubuna, sigara içmeyen/nikotin grubuna oranla daha yüksekti. Hafif ağrının yoğunluğu, sigara içenler grubunda, sigara içmeyenler grubundan daha yüksekti. Orta şiddetli ağrının yoğunluğu, sigara içmeyen/nikotin grubunda; sigara içmeyenler, sigara içenler ve sigara içenler/nikotin grubuna oranla daha düşüktü.Sonuç: Propofol injeksiyon ağrısının sıklığı ve hafif ağrının yoğunluğu, nikotinden mahrum edilen sigara içicilerinde artmıştır. Bu hastalardaki nikotin replasmanı, propofol injeksiyon ağrısının insidansını sigara içmeyenler düzeyine düşürmüştür. Sigara içmeyenlere nikotin verildiğinde, orta ve şiddetli ağrının yoğunluğu azalmıştır. Bu sonuçlar göstermektedir ki; sigara içenlerde ağrının farkındalığı daha fazladır ve nikotinin analjezik etkisi vardır.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Genel ve Dahili Tıp

Propofol injeksiyon ağrısına nikotin tedavisinin etkisi

Öz:

Objectives: Smokers had higher risk than nonsmokers for pain. The incidence of pain on injection of propofol has been reported to be 70%. We explored the relationship between smoking habits and propofol injection pain, whether nicotine replacement has an influence on intensity or incidence of pain associated with propofol in smokers.Patients and Methods: Two hundred patients ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status 1, undergoing elective surgical procedures were studied. Hundred (50-50) patients who used cigarette were included in smoker group and nicotine group. Hundred (50-50) patients who never used tobacco were included in nonsmoker (NS) group and NS+nicotine group. Prior to surgery, the anesthesiologist gave a nicotine gum to nicotine group which was randomized in smokers and nonsmokers. The severity of propofol injection pain was evaluated using four point scale (none, mild, moderate, and severe).Results: Incidence of pain was higher in the smoker group compared with the nonsmoker, nicotine and NS+nicotine groups. The intensity of mild pain was higher in the smoker group compared with the nonsmoker group. The intensity of moderate+severe pain was lower in the NS+nicotine group compared with the nonsmoker and smoker and nicotine groups.Conclusion: The incidence of propofol injection pain and intensity of mild pain increased in smokers deprived of nicotine. Nicotine replacement in these patients reduced the incidence of propofol injection pain similar to nonsmokers. When nonsmokers were given nicotine, intensity of moderate+severe pain decreased. These results suggest that smokers' awareness of pain increases and nicotine has an analgesic effect.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Genel ve Dahili Tıp

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	Erden V, Basaranoglu G, ERKALPİ K, YANGIN Z, DELATİOĞLU H, TEKER M, SAİTOĞLU L (2010). The effect of nicotine treatment on propofol injection pain. , 18 - 22.
Chicago	Erden Veysel,Basaranoglu Gokcen,ERKALPİ Kerem,YANGIN Zehra,DELATİOĞLU Hamdi,TEKER M.Gökhan,SAİTOĞLU Leyla The effect of nicotine treatment on propofol injection pain. (2010): 18 - 22.
MLA	Erden Veysel,Basaranoglu Gokcen,ERKALPİ Kerem,YANGIN Zehra,DELATİOĞLU Hamdi,TEKER M.Gökhan,SAİTOĞLU Leyla The effect of nicotine treatment on propofol injection pain. , 2010, ss.18 - 22.
AMA	Erden V,Basaranoglu G,ERKALPİ K,YANGIN Z,DELATİOĞLU H,TEKER M,SAİTOĞLU L The effect of nicotine treatment on propofol injection pain. . 2010; 18 - 22.
Vancouver	Erden V,Basaranoglu G,ERKALPİ K,YANGIN Z,DELATİOĞLU H,TEKER M,SAİTOĞLU L The effect of nicotine treatment on propofol injection pain. . 2010; 18 - 22.
IEEE	Erden V,Basaranoglu G,ERKALPİ K,YANGIN Z,DELATİOĞLU H,TEKER M,SAİTOĞLU L "The effect of nicotine treatment on propofol injection pain." , ss.18 - 22, 2010.
ISNAD	Erden, Veysel vd. "The effect of nicotine treatment on propofol injection pain". (2010), 18-22.

APA	Erden V, Basaranoglu G, ERKALPİ K, YANGIN Z, DELATİOĞLU H, TEKER M, SAİTOĞLU L (2010). The effect of nicotine treatment on propofol injection pain. Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(1), 18 - 22.
Chicago	Erden Veysel,Basaranoglu Gokcen,ERKALPİ Kerem,YANGIN Zehra,DELATİOĞLU Hamdi,TEKER M.Gökhan,SAİTOĞLU Leyla The effect of nicotine treatment on propofol injection pain. Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 27, no.1 (2010): 18 - 22.
MLA	Erden Veysel,Basaranoglu Gokcen,ERKALPİ Kerem,YANGIN Zehra,DELATİOĞLU Hamdi,TEKER M.Gökhan,SAİTOĞLU Leyla The effect of nicotine treatment on propofol injection pain. Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.27, no.1, 2010, ss.18 - 22.
AMA	Erden V,Basaranoglu G,ERKALPİ K,YANGIN Z,DELATİOĞLU H,TEKER M,SAİTOĞLU L The effect of nicotine treatment on propofol injection pain. Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2010; 27(1): 18 - 22.
Vancouver	Erden V,Basaranoglu G,ERKALPİ K,YANGIN Z,DELATİOĞLU H,TEKER M,SAİTOĞLU L The effect of nicotine treatment on propofol injection pain. Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2010; 27(1): 18 - 22.
IEEE	Erden V,Basaranoglu G,ERKALPİ K,YANGIN Z,DELATİOĞLU H,TEKER M,SAİTOĞLU L "The effect of nicotine treatment on propofol injection pain." Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 27, ss.18 - 22, 2010.
ISNAD	Erden, Veysel vd. "The effect of nicotine treatment on propofol injection pain". Trakya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 27/1 (2010), 18-22.