Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin muhtemel bilişsel ve nörobiyolojik düzenekleri

Eşel, Ertuğrul

Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin muhtemel bilişsel ve nörobiyolojik düzenekleri

Ertuğrul EŞEL (Erciyes Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Kayseri, Türkiye)

Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni

91 18

Yıl: 2009 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 193 - 205 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin muhtemel bilişsel ve nörobiyolojik düzenekleri

Öz:

Nöral bilimler son yıllarda insan davranışlarının, duygularının, tutumlarının ve inançlarının beyindeki karşılıklarını bulma konusunda belirgin bir ilerleme kaydetmiştir. Dinî inanç da insanların sahip olduğu karmaşık zihinsel işlevlerden birisi olduğu ve beynin ürünü olduğu için, onun beyinde anatomik, fizyolojik ya da biyokimyasal düzeylerde karşılığının var olması doğaldır. Dinlerin kökeninde insanın hangi bilişsel işlev ve şemalarının rol oynadığı konusu son yıllarda yoğun biçimde araştırılmaktadır. Dinî inançların gelişmesi ile ilişkili olarak, ölüm korkusunu azaltmak için geliştirilmiş olduğu, ya da insan beyni dinî inancı oluşturma kapasitesine sahip olduğu için gelişmiş olduğu şeklinde bilişsel kuramlar mevcuttur. Gerek insanlık tarihi boyunca, gerekse tek tek bireylerde Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin gelişmesinde ve özellikle mistik yaşantılar sırasında beynin belli bazı bölgelerinin daha önemli olduğu ileri sürülmektedir. Belli beyin yapılarının hasar gördüğü hastalarda ortaya çıkan dinî inanç değişikliklerinin incelenmesi ve işlevsel görüntüleme çalışmaları ile dinî bir eylem ya da mistik deneyimler sırasında beyindeki aktivite değişikliklerinin gözlenmesi bu konuda önemli bulgular ortaya koymuştur. Bu bulgulardan yola çıkılarak, dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin gelişmesinde ve yaşanmasında özellikle prefrontal korteks ve temporal lob işlevlerindeki değişikliklerin önemli olduğu, ayrıca serotonerjik sistem başta olmak üzere nörotransmitterlerin de bu yaşantılarda rol oynadığı söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelime: Ölüm İnanç Tasavvuf Nörobiyoloji Serotonin Bilişsel bilimler Tinsellik

Konular: Farmakoloji ve Eczacılık

Probable cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms of religious and mystic experiences

Öz:

Neural sciences have recently made great strides in understanding the cellular and biochemical bases of the human behaviors, feelings, attitudes, and beliefs. Since the religious beliefs are among the complicated mental functions that human beings have, and are the products of the brain, they are normally expected to have their reşections in the brain, at anatomical, physiological, and/or biochemical levels. The issue about which cognitive processes or schemas play role on the basis of religions in human beings has intensively being investigated in recent years. There are some cognitive hypotheses proposing that religious beliefs have been developed in order to cope with the fear of death, or they exist because the human brain has been programmed to develop them. It seems that certain brain areas are more important than others in the development of the religious beliefs throughout the evolutional history of the human beings, as well as in individual spirituality. Investigation of the alterations in beliefs emerging in the patients who had lesions on certain brain structures and the observation of the changes in the regional brain activities during religious acts or mystic experiences have presented some new and interesting findings on this topic. Based on these findings, one may conclude that alterations in the functions of prefrontal cortex and temporal lobes particularly, and in the neurotransmitter systems such as serotonin system have-crucial importance in the development of the religious beliefs and in the mystic experiences.

Anahtar Kelime: Neurobiology Serotonin Cognitive Science Spiritualism Death Religion Mysticism

Konular: Farmakoloji ve Eczacılık

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	Eşel E (2009). Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin muhtemel bilişsel ve nörobiyolojik düzenekleri. , 193 - 205.
Chicago	Eşel Ertuğrul Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin muhtemel bilişsel ve nörobiyolojik düzenekleri. (2009): 193 - 205.
MLA	Eşel Ertuğrul Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin muhtemel bilişsel ve nörobiyolojik düzenekleri. , 2009, ss.193 - 205.
AMA	Eşel E Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin muhtemel bilişsel ve nörobiyolojik düzenekleri. . 2009; 193 - 205.
Vancouver	Eşel E Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin muhtemel bilişsel ve nörobiyolojik düzenekleri. . 2009; 193 - 205.
IEEE	Eşel E "Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin muhtemel bilişsel ve nörobiyolojik düzenekleri." , ss.193 - 205, 2009.
ISNAD	Eşel, Ertuğrul. "Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin muhtemel bilişsel ve nörobiyolojik düzenekleri". (2009), 193-205.

APA	Eşel E (2009). Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin muhtemel bilişsel ve nörobiyolojik düzenekleri. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 19(2), 193 - 205.
Chicago	Eşel Ertuğrul Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin muhtemel bilişsel ve nörobiyolojik düzenekleri. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni 19, no.2 (2009): 193 - 205.
MLA	Eşel Ertuğrul Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin muhtemel bilişsel ve nörobiyolojik düzenekleri. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, vol.19, no.2, 2009, ss.193 - 205.
AMA	Eşel E Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin muhtemel bilişsel ve nörobiyolojik düzenekleri. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni. 2009; 19(2): 193 - 205.
Vancouver	Eşel E Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin muhtemel bilişsel ve nörobiyolojik düzenekleri. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni. 2009; 19(2): 193 - 205.
IEEE	Eşel E "Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin muhtemel bilişsel ve nörobiyolojik düzenekleri." Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni, 19, ss.193 - 205, 2009.
ISNAD	Eşel, Ertuğrul. "Dinî ve mistik deneyimlerin muhtemel bilişsel ve nörobiyolojik düzenekleri". Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni 19/2 (2009), 193-205.