Key factors for understanding political dynamics in northern iraq: A study of change in the region

Yıl: 2012 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 31 Sayfa Aralığı: 83 - 102 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Key factors for understanding political dynamics in northern iraq: A study of change in the region

Öz:
Kuzey Irak, Türk dış politikasının en önemli boyutlarından biri olma¬sına rağmen Türkiye'de iyi çalışılmıyor. Birkaç yıldır, Kuzey Irak bölgesi ve po¬litikaları güç dengesinin bir konusu olarak basit terimlerle açıklanıyor. 90'lı yıllarda güvenli bölge oluşturulması ve Kürt partiler arasındaki savaşlar, böl¬ge siyasetini şekillendiren ana faktörleri oluşturdu. Ancak, 2003 yılında ABD ve müttefik kuvvetleri tarafından Irak'ın işgal edilmesi Iraklı Kürtler için yeni bir dönem başlattı. Bu makale, bu yeni dönemde değişen siyasal dinamikleri açıklama amacındadır. Bu sebeple, makale, Kuzey Irak'taki aktörlere, bölgede etkin olan faktörlere ve birbirleriyle aralarındaki ilişkilere odaklanıyor.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Siyasi Bilimler Uluslararası İlişkiler

Kuzey Irak'taki siyasal dinamikleri anlamak için anahtar faktörler: Bölgedeki değişim üzerine bir çalışma

Öz:
Although it is one of the most crucial aspects of Turkish foreign policy, northern Iraq has not been thoroughly studied in Turkey. For several years, this region and its politics have been explained in simple terms as an issue of balance of power. In the 1990s, the creation of a safe haven and the war between the Kurdish parties constituted the main factors that shaped the region's politics. However, the invasion of Iraq by the U.S. and its allies in 2003 started a new era for the Iraqi Kurds. This article aims to explain the changing political dynamics in this new era. Therefore, this article focuses on the actors and factors in northern Iraq and their relationship to one another.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Siyasi Bilimler Uluslararası İlişkiler
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Akyol, Harun, "From Stalemate to Soul Mate: Emergent Democracy in Kurdistan" European Journal of Economic and Political Studies, Vol 3, No: 1, 2010, pp. 121-14.1
  • Al-Ali, Nadje, and Nicola Pratt "Between Nationalism and Women's Rights: The Kurdish Women's Movement in Iraq" Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication, Vol: 4, 2011, pp. 337-353.
  • Ayhan, Veysel ve Serhat Erkmen, Kürşat Turan, (et al), 7 Mart 2010 Irak Parlamento Seçim Sonuçlarının ve Yeni Siyasal Denklemin Değerlendirilmesi, ORSAM Report, No: 17, April 2010, http://www.orsam.org.tr/tr/trUploads/Yazilar/Dosy-alar/2011126_orsamreportt_17_tr.pdf (Accessed, 28 September 2012).
  • "Car Bomb and Suicide Attack in Northern Iraq Kill at least 12 people" Al Arabiya, March 7 2012, http://englfeh.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/03/07/199178.html (Accessed, 16 June 2012).
  • Chorev, Matan, "Iraqi Kurdistan: The Internal Dynamics and Statecraft of a Semi-state", The Fletcher School Online Journal, Fall 2007, http://kmsl.isn.ethz.ch/ serviceengine/Files/ISN/48034/ichaptersection_singledocument/3d351ale-adcf-4517-98d2-921a4615dc01/en/3 Matan_Chorev_AN.pdf (Accessed, 25 September 2012)
  • Dahlman, Carl, "The Political Geography of Kurdistan", Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2002, Vol: 43, No: 4, pp. 271-299.
  • Danly, James, The 2009 Kurdish Elections, Institute for The Study of War, July 23,2009, http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/KurdishElections.pdf (Accessed, 12 September 2012).
  • Demir, İdris, "The Northern Iraq: 1990 - 2000", ZI_____Ü Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Vol: 3, No: 5, 2007, pp. 193-207.
  • Ghareeb, Edmund, The Kurdish Question in Iraq, (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1981).
  • Gunter, Michael M, "A de facto Kurdish State in Northern Iraq", Third World Quarterly, Vol: 14, No: 2, pp. 295-319.
  • Gunter, Michael M., The Kurdish Predicament in Iraq: A Political Analysis, (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999).
  • Gunter, Michael, "The Changing Dynamics in the Kurdistan Regional Government of Iraq",
  • Michael Gunter, (ed.), The Kurds Ascending, (Newyorlc Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), pp. 35-58).
  • Jawad, Saad, Iraq & the Kurdish Question, 1958-1970, (London: Ithaca Press, 1981).
  • "Iraq's Kurdish Election: The Times They Are a-Changing" The Economist, 30 July 2009, http://www.economist.com/node/14140770, (Accessed, 29 September 2012).
  • Katzman, Kenneth, The Kurds in Post-Saddam Iraq, CRS Report for Congress, October 1, 2010, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RS22079.pdf, (Accessed, 01 September 2012).
  • "KRG Prime Minister Barzani's Inaugural Speech", 13 April 2012, http://www.iraq-busi-nessnews.eom/2012/04/13/krg-prime-minister-barzanis-inaugural-speech/6/, (Accessed, 13 June 2012).
  • Kutschera, Chris, "KURDISTAN IRAQ: KDP and PUI_____ have reached an agreement which would assure them prominence in any new federal Iraq", The Middle East Magazine, December 2002), http://www.chris-kutschera.c0m/A/rec0nciliati0n. htm (Accessed, 25 September 2012).
  • Leezenberg, Michael, "Political Islam Among the Kurds", Faleh Jabar and Hosham Da-wod, (eds.), The Kurds: Nationalism and Politics, (London: Saqi Publishing, 2006).
  • Leezenberg, Michael, "Urbanization, Privatization, and the Patronage: The Political Economy of Iraqi Kurdistan" Faleh Jabar and Hosham Dawod, (eds.), The Kurds: Nationalism and Politics (London: Saqi Publishing, 2006).
  • Mahmoud, Rustum, The Outlook for the Opposition in Iraq's Kurdistan Region, (Doha: Arab Center for Policy and Research Studies, 2011).
  • McDowall, David, A Modern History of the Kurds, (London: Tauris, 2007).
  • Natali, Denise, The Kurdish Quasi State: Development and Dependent in the Post Gulf War Iraq, (New York: Syracuse University Press, 2010).
  • New Dynamics in Local and Iraqi Politics in Mosul, ORSAM Report, No: 121, May 2012, http://www.orsam.org.tr/en/enUploads/Article/Files/2012612_rapor%2012 l%20inga.pdf (Accessed, 12 September 2012).
  • "Northern Iraq Bomb Follows a Deadly Iraqi Weekend", The Christian Science Monitor, http://www.csmonitor.com/World/terrorism-security/2012/0116/Northern-' Iraq-bomb-follows-a-deadly-Iraqi-weekend, January 16, 2012, (Accessed, 18 June 2012).
  • Olson, Robert, The Goat And the Butcher: Nationalism and State Formation in Kurd-istan-Iraq Since the Iraqi War, (Costa Meza: Mazda Pub., 2005).
  • Pelletiere, Stephen C., The Kurds and Their Agas: An Assessment of the Situation in Northern Iraq, Strategic Studies Institute, 1991, http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=AD A242441, (Accessed, 05 May 2012).
  • Qadir, Kamal Said, "Iraqi Kurdistan's Downward Spiral", Middle East Quarterly, Summer 2007, pp. 19-26.
  • Romano, David, "The Gorran Movement - A Change in the Iraqi Kurdish Political Landscape", Terrorism Monitor, Volume 8, Issue: 13, April 2, 2010 http://www. jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=l&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=36229, (Accessed, 23 September 2012).
  • Romano, David, "Safe Havens as Political Projects: The Case of Iraqi Kurdistan," in Kingston,
  • Paul and Ian S. Spears, (eds.), States- Within- States: Incipient Political Entities in the Post-Cold War Era, (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004). pp. 153-166.
  • Salih, Barham, "Kurdistan Regional Government Has Made Several Achievements Under Difficult Circumstances" 04 April 2012, http://www.bondladyscorner.com/ t39871-barham-salih-kurdistan-regional-government-has-made-several-achieve-ments-under-difficult-circunastances , (Accessed, 13 June 2012).
  • Stansfield, Gareth R. V., Iraqi Kurdistan Political Development and Emergent Democracy, (Routledge: London, 2003).
  • Stansfield, Gareth, "The Kurdish Dilemma: The Golden Era Threatened", in Toby Dodge and Steve Simon, (eds.), Iraq at the Crossroads: State and Society in The Shadow of Regime Change, Adelphi Papers 354, (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp. 131-148.
  • The Iraqi Constitution, http://www.uniraq.org/documents/iraqi_constitution.pdf.
  • Van Bruinessen, Martin M. "The Kurds Between Iran and Iraq," Middle East Report, Vol: 16, No: 4, July-August 1986, pp. 14-27.
  • Van Bruinessen, Martin M., "Religion in Kurdistan" Kurdish Times, No: 4, Summer/ Fall 1991, pp. 5-27.
  • Van Bruinessen, Martin, 'Kurds, states and tribes', in Faleh A. Jabar and Hosham Da-wod, (eds.),
  • Tribes and Power: Nationalism and Ethnicity in the Middle East, (London: Saqi, 2002), pp. 165-183.
  • "Views differ on PUK-KDP Agreement," Kurdish Globe, 8 August 2007, http://www. kurdishglobe.net/displayarticle.htmI?id=702FlDBCB3658968C9B82CFDFB05 0B69, (Accessed, 03 May 2012).
APA ERKMEN S (2012). Key factors for understanding political dynamics in northern iraq: A study of change in the region. , 83 - 102.
Chicago ERKMEN SERHAT AHMET Key factors for understanding political dynamics in northern iraq: A study of change in the region. (2012): 83 - 102.
MLA ERKMEN SERHAT AHMET Key factors for understanding political dynamics in northern iraq: A study of change in the region. , 2012, ss.83 - 102.
AMA ERKMEN S Key factors for understanding political dynamics in northern iraq: A study of change in the region. . 2012; 83 - 102.
Vancouver ERKMEN S Key factors for understanding political dynamics in northern iraq: A study of change in the region. . 2012; 83 - 102.
IEEE ERKMEN S "Key factors for understanding political dynamics in northern iraq: A study of change in the region." , ss.83 - 102, 2012.
ISNAD ERKMEN, SERHAT AHMET. "Key factors for understanding political dynamics in northern iraq: A study of change in the region". (2012), 83-102.
APA ERKMEN S (2012). Key factors for understanding political dynamics in northern iraq: A study of change in the region. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, 8(31), 83 - 102.
Chicago ERKMEN SERHAT AHMET Key factors for understanding political dynamics in northern iraq: A study of change in the region. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika 8, no.31 (2012): 83 - 102.
MLA ERKMEN SERHAT AHMET Key factors for understanding political dynamics in northern iraq: A study of change in the region. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, vol.8, no.31, 2012, ss.83 - 102.
AMA ERKMEN S Key factors for understanding political dynamics in northern iraq: A study of change in the region. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika. 2012; 8(31): 83 - 102.
Vancouver ERKMEN S Key factors for understanding political dynamics in northern iraq: A study of change in the region. Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika. 2012; 8(31): 83 - 102.
IEEE ERKMEN S "Key factors for understanding political dynamics in northern iraq: A study of change in the region." Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika, 8, ss.83 - 102, 2012.
ISNAD ERKMEN, SERHAT AHMET. "Key factors for understanding political dynamics in northern iraq: A study of change in the region". Uluslararası Hukuk ve Politika 8/31 (2012), 83-102.