Kanser immün terapi ve monoklonal antikorlar

İZGİ, Kenan; SAKALAR, Çağrı; CANATAN, Halit

Kanser immün terapi ve monoklonal antikorlar

Çağrı SAKALAR, (Erciyes Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Kayseri, Türkiye)

Kenan İZGİ, (Erciyes Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Tıbbi Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı, Kayseri, Türkiye)

Halit CANATAN (Erciyes Üniversitesi, Genom ve Kök Hücre Araştırma Merkezi, Kayseri, Türkiye)

Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Tıp Dergisi

45 7

Yıl: 2013 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 105 - 110 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Kanser immün terapi ve monoklonal antikorlar

Öz:

Kanser immün terapi preklinik çalışmaların yoğun olduğu ve klinikte uygulamaların giderek arttığı kanser tedavisi için modern tıbbın adjuvan yöntemlerinden biridir. Kanser immün terapide aşı ve hücresel tedavi yöntemlerine göre daha fazla kullanım alanı bulunan yöntem monoklonal antikorların terapide kullanılmasıdır. Kanser hücrelerinde yüksek miktarda ve doku spesifik olarak üretilen reseptörler ile büyüme faktörlerini hedef alan monoklonal antikorlar klinik uygulamalara en fazla aktarılan ve onaylanan kanser immünoterapi uygulamasıdır. Klinikte kansere yönelik olarak halen onaylanmış ve kullanılmakta olan en az 12 adet monoklonal antikor bulunmaktadır. Bu monoklonal antikorlar meme, akciğer kanseri, kolorektal kanser, renal hücre kanseri, melanoma, çeşitli lenfoma ve lösemilerde tedavide kullanılmaktadır. Kanser immün terapide kullanılan monoklonal antikorlar, vasküler endotelyal büyüme faktörü (VEGF), epidermal büyüme faktörü reseptörü (EGFR), insan epidermal büyüme faktörü reseptörü 2 (HER2) gibi kanser progresyonunu destekleyen büyüme faktörlerini veya CD52 (Cluster of Differentiation 52) ve CD20 (Cluster of Differentiation Antigen 20) gibi kanser hücrelerinde spesifik olarak üretilen farklılaşma antijenlerini hedef alır. Monoklonal antikor üretim metodolojisi farelerin spesifik antijenlerle aşılanmasına ve B lenfositlerle myeloma kanser hücrelerinin hibridoma oluşturmasına dayanmaktadır. Bu teknikle tıpta devrim olarak nitelendirilebilecek şekilde yeni bir ilaç sınıfı doğmuş ve monoklonal antikorlar, kanser dahil çeşitli hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılır olmuştur. Monoklonal antikorların kanser immünterapide etkinliği üç ana mekanizmaya dayanır. Bu mekanizmalar, 1) kanser hücrelerinin bölünme ve anjiyojenezde kullandıkları sinyal yolaklarını harekete geçiren faktörlerin ve reseptörlerin antikor bağlanmasıyla inhibe edilmesini, 2) antikora bağlı hücresel sitotoksisiteyi (ADCC) ve 3) komplement aktivasyonu ile komplemente bağlı sitotoksisiteyi (CDC) içerirler. Sonuç olarak yapılan preklinik çalışmalarla kanser oluşumu ve progresyonunda rol alan yeni hedef proteinler tespit edilmekte ve bunlara karşı etkin olabilecek monoklonal antikor üretim çalışmaları ve klinik faz çalışmaları devam etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Hücre ve Doku Mühendisliği Hematoloji Onkoloji

Cancer immunotherapy and monoclonal antibodies

Öz:

Cancer immunotherapy which is studied intensely in preclinical studies and being applied in clinics, is one of the adjuvant therapies for cancer in modern medicine. Use of monoclonal antibodies is more common in clinics in cancer immunotherapy compared to cancer vaccines and cellular therapies. Monoclonal antibodies targeting overexpressed and tissue specific receptors or growth factors in cancer cells are most common and clinically approved application of cancer immunotherapy. Currently for cancer immunotherapy, there are at least 12 approved monoclonal antibodies in clinical use. These monoclonal antibodies are being utilized for the therapy of breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, renal cell cancer and several lymphomas and leukemias. Monoclonal antibodies used in cancer immunotherapy target factors supporting cancer progression such as vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor and human epidermal growth factor 2; and target tissue specific differentiation antigens in tumor cells such as CD20 and CD52. The methodology of monoclonal antibody production is based on the immunization of mice with specific antigens, and on the generation of hybridoma with myeloma cancer cells and B lymphocytes. The new class of drugs was born with this technique and can be described as a revolution in the medicine and monoclonal antibodies have been used to treat various diseases, including cancer. The effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies on the cancer immunotherapy is based on the three main mechanisms. These mechanisms contain i) the antibody binding mediated inhibition of the factors and receptors which stimulate the signaling pathways used in the proliferation and angiogenesis of cancer cells, ii) antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and iii) activation of complement by complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). As a result, the new target proteins involved in cancer development and progression are being identified continuously in the pre-clinical studies, and the studies of monoclonal antibody production that could be effective against them and clinical phase studies are being continued.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Hücre ve Doku Mühendisliği Hematoloji Onkoloji

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	SAKALAR Ç, İZGİ K, CANATAN H (2013). Kanser immün terapi ve monoklonal antikorlar. , 105 - 110.
Chicago	SAKALAR Çağrı,İZGİ Kenan,CANATAN Halit Kanser immün terapi ve monoklonal antikorlar. (2013): 105 - 110.
MLA	SAKALAR Çağrı,İZGİ Kenan,CANATAN Halit Kanser immün terapi ve monoklonal antikorlar. , 2013, ss.105 - 110.
AMA	SAKALAR Ç,İZGİ K,CANATAN H Kanser immün terapi ve monoklonal antikorlar. . 2013; 105 - 110.
Vancouver	SAKALAR Ç,İZGİ K,CANATAN H Kanser immün terapi ve monoklonal antikorlar. . 2013; 105 - 110.
IEEE	SAKALAR Ç,İZGİ K,CANATAN H "Kanser immün terapi ve monoklonal antikorlar." , ss.105 - 110, 2013.
ISNAD	SAKALAR, Çağrı vd. "Kanser immün terapi ve monoklonal antikorlar". (2013), 105-110.

APA	SAKALAR Ç, İZGİ K, CANATAN H (2013). Kanser immün terapi ve monoklonal antikorlar. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Tıp Dergisi, 27(2), 105 - 110.
Chicago	SAKALAR Çağrı,İZGİ Kenan,CANATAN Halit Kanser immün terapi ve monoklonal antikorlar. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Tıp Dergisi 27, no.2 (2013): 105 - 110.
MLA	SAKALAR Çağrı,İZGİ Kenan,CANATAN Halit Kanser immün terapi ve monoklonal antikorlar. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Tıp Dergisi, vol.27, no.2, 2013, ss.105 - 110.
AMA	SAKALAR Ç,İZGİ K,CANATAN H Kanser immün terapi ve monoklonal antikorlar. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Tıp Dergisi. 2013; 27(2): 105 - 110.
Vancouver	SAKALAR Ç,İZGİ K,CANATAN H Kanser immün terapi ve monoklonal antikorlar. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Tıp Dergisi. 2013; 27(2): 105 - 110.
IEEE	SAKALAR Ç,İZGİ K,CANATAN H "Kanser immün terapi ve monoklonal antikorlar." Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Tıp Dergisi, 27, ss.105 - 110, 2013.
ISNAD	SAKALAR, Çağrı vd. "Kanser immün terapi ve monoklonal antikorlar". Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Tıp Dergisi 27/2 (2013), 105-110.