Yıl: 2012 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 15 Sayfa Aralığı: 179 - 194 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Kodály and orff: A comparison of two approaches in early music education

Öz:
Macar besteci ve etnomüzikolog Zoltán Kodály (1882-1967) ve Alman besteci Carl Orff(1895-1982) geliştirmiş oldukları farklı 2 öğretim metodundan dolayı 20. yüzyılda müzik eğitimialanında en etkili 2 kişi olarak anılmaktadırlar. Kodály çocukların şarkı söyleyebilmeleri vedeşifre yapabilmeleri için el işaretleri metodu (gezici Do) geliştirmiş, Orff ise vurmalı çalgılarınkullanımı ile çocukların yaratıcılıklarını geliştirmeyi hedef edinmiştir. Her ne kadar her ikibesteci de küçük yaştaki çocukların müzik eğitimine odaklanmış olsa da aralarındaki en önemlifark Kodálynin el işaretlerinin kullanımı ile ses ve koro eğitimine odaklanması Orffun ise esasyaklaşımının hareket, konuşma ve (özellikle vurmalı) çalgılarla müzik yapmasıdır. Son olarak,Orff Metodunda müziksel yaratıcılık esas hedeftir, ancak Kodály Metodunun ana noktası yazılımüziğin söylenmesidir.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: İşletme İktisat

Kodály ve orff: erken müzik eğitiminde kullanılan iki metodun bir karşılaştırması

Öz:
The Hungarian composer and ethnomusicologist Zoltán Kodály (1882-1967) and theGerman composer Carl Orff (1895-1982) are considered two of the most influential personalitiesin the arena of music education during the twentieth-century due to two distinct teaching methodsthat they developed under their own names. Kodály developed a hand-sign method (movable Do)for children to sing and sight-read while Orff s goal was to help creativity of children through theuse of percussive instruments. Although both composers focused on young children s musicaltraining the main difference between them is that Kodály focused on vocal/choral training withthe use of hand signs while Orff s main approach was mainly on movement, speech and makingmusic through playing (particularly percussive) instruments. Finally, musical creativity viaimprovisation is the main goal in the Orff Method; yet, Kodály s focal point was to dictate writtenmusic.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: İşletme İktisat
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Banhalmi, George (1968), ―The Kodály Lesson‖, Clavier, Vol. 2, Evanston, Illinois, Instrumentalist Co, September 1968.
  • Böszörmenyi-Nagy, Bela (1968), ―The Kodály Legacy‖, Clavier, Vol. 2, Evanston, Illinois, Instrumentalist Co, September 1968.
  • Choksy, Lois (1974), The Kodály Method: Comprehensive Music Education from Infant to Adult, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
  • Choksy, Lois et al. (2001), Teaching Music in the Twenty-First Century, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
  • Daniel, Katinka (1968), ―The Kodály Method‖, Clavier, vol. 2, issue 6, Evanston, Illinois, Instrumentalist Co, September 1968.
  • Fassone, Alberto (2001), ―Carl Orff‖, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, (ed. Stanley Sadie), Vol. 18, W. W. Norton, New York.
  • Grout, Donald J. and Palisca, Claude V. (2001), A History of Western Music, W. W. Norton, New York.
  • Hall, Doreen (1960), Music for Children: Teacher’s Manual, Schott, New York.
  • Hegyi, Erzsébet (1975), Solfege According to the Kodály-Concept, Translated by Fred Macnicol. Kecskemét, Zoltán Kodály Pedagogical Institute of Music.
  • Houlahan, Micheál and Tacka, Philip (1998), Zoltán Kodály: A Guide to Research, Garland Publishing, New York.
  • Kodály, Zoltán (1969), Choral Method, Pentatonic Music: 100 Hungarian Folksongs, Boosey & Hawkes, London.
  • Liess, Andreas (1966), Carl Orff, Translated by Adelheid & Herbert Parkin, Calder & Boyars, London.
  • Madden, James A. (1983), Zoltán Kodály and Carl Orff: Implications for Program Development in Elementary Instrumental Music Education, Unpublished Doctor of Education thesis, Temple University.
  • Morgan, Robert P. (1991), Twentieth-Century Music, W. W. Norton, New York.
  • Nash, Grace (1968), ―Kodály and Orff‖, Clavier, Vol. 2, September 1968, 18-19, Evanston, Illinois, Instrumentalist Co.
  • Orff, Carl (1977), Music for Children: Orff-Schülwerk American Edition, Vol. 2 primary, Schott Music Corp, U. S. A.
  • Richards, Mary Helen (1966), Hand Singing and Other Techniques, Fearon Publishers, Belmont.
  • Saliba, Konnie K. (1991), Accent on Orff: An Introductory Approach, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
  • Some Great Music Educators: A Collection of Essays (1976), (ed. Kenneth Simpson), Novello, Kent.
  • Strunk’s Source Readings in Music History: The Twentieth Century (1998), Vol. 7, (ed. Robert P. Morgan), W. W. Norton, New York.
  • Szönyi, Erzsébet (1973), Kodály’s Principles in Practice: An Approach to Music Education through the Kodály Method, Boosey & Hawkes, London.
  • The Eclectic Curriculum in American Music Education: Contributions of Dalcroze, Kodály, and Orff (1990), (ed. Polly Carder), Music Educators National Conference, Virginia.
  • Wade-Matthews, Max (2003), The Encyclopedia of Music: Instruments of the Orchestra and the Great Composers, Anness Publishing, London.
  • Warner, Brigitte (1991), Orff-Schulwerk: Applications for the Classroom, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
  • Wheeler, Lawrence and Raebeck, Lois (1977), Orff and Kodály Adapted for the Elementary School, Wm. C. Brown Company, Iowa.
  • Young, Percy M. (1964), Zoltán Kodály: A Hungarian Musician, Connecticut, Greenwood Press.
  • Zemke, Lorna (1974), The Kodály Concept: Its History, Philosophy and Development, Mark Foster, Champaign.
  • ―Zoltán Kodály‖ (2001), The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, (ed. Stanley Sadie), Vol. 13, W. W. Norton, New York, 716-726.
  • http://www.arts.jrank.org/pages/6845/Tonic-Sol-fa.html, (Retrieved: 30.07.2010).
  • http://w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de/cmp/kodaly.html, (Retrieved: 08.07.2004).
  • http://w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de/cmp/orff.html, (Retrieved: 20.07.2004).
  • http://www.classicalarchives.com/bios/codm/orff.html, (Retrieved: 20.07.2004).
  • http://www.classicsforkids.com/teachers/training/orff101.asp, (Retrieved: 20.07.2004).
  • http://www.classicsforkids.com/teachers/images/handsigns.gif, (Retrieved: 25.08.2010).
  • http://www.fuguemasters.com/kodaly.html, (Retrieved: 08.07.2004).
  • http://www.kodaly.org.au/zoltan_kodaly.html, (Retrieved: 08.07.2004).
  • http://musicbeat.searchbeat.com/classical/carl-orff.htm, (Retrieved: 20.07.2004).
  • http://www.naxos.com/composer/orff.htm, (Retrieved: 20.07.2004).
  • http://www.citychoir.org.uk/Orff.htm, (Retrieved: 20.07.2004).
  • http://www.public.asu.edu/~jwang2/portfolio/methods/kodaly/rhythm.jpg, (Retrieved: 30.08.2010).
  • http://www.rainbowsongs.com, (Retrieved: 20.08.2010).
  • http://www.sfsymphony.org/templates/composer.asp?nodeid=598&strchar=M, (Retrieved: 20.07.2004).
APA CARY GÖKTÜRK D (2012). Kodály and orff: A comparison of two approaches in early music education. , 179 - 194.
Chicago CARY GÖKTÜRK Dilek Kodály and orff: A comparison of two approaches in early music education. (2012): 179 - 194.
MLA CARY GÖKTÜRK Dilek Kodály and orff: A comparison of two approaches in early music education. , 2012, ss.179 - 194.
AMA CARY GÖKTÜRK D Kodály and orff: A comparison of two approaches in early music education. . 2012; 179 - 194.
Vancouver CARY GÖKTÜRK D Kodály and orff: A comparison of two approaches in early music education. . 2012; 179 - 194.
IEEE CARY GÖKTÜRK D "Kodály and orff: A comparison of two approaches in early music education." , ss.179 - 194, 2012.
ISNAD CARY GÖKTÜRK, Dilek. "Kodály and orff: A comparison of two approaches in early music education". (2012), 179-194.
APA CARY GÖKTÜRK D (2012). Kodály and orff: A comparison of two approaches in early music education. Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(15), 179 - 194.
Chicago CARY GÖKTÜRK Dilek Kodály and orff: A comparison of two approaches in early music education. Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 8, no.15 (2012): 179 - 194.
MLA CARY GÖKTÜRK Dilek Kodály and orff: A comparison of two approaches in early music education. Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, vol.8, no.15, 2012, ss.179 - 194.
AMA CARY GÖKTÜRK D Kodály and orff: A comparison of two approaches in early music education. Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2012; 8(15): 179 - 194.
Vancouver CARY GÖKTÜRK D Kodály and orff: A comparison of two approaches in early music education. Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2012; 8(15): 179 - 194.
IEEE CARY GÖKTÜRK D "Kodály and orff: A comparison of two approaches in early music education." Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8, ss.179 - 194, 2012.
ISNAD CARY GÖKTÜRK, Dilek. "Kodály and orff: A comparison of two approaches in early music education". Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 8/15 (2012), 179-194.