This study examines the concepts of speaking, writing, reading and listening called as basiclanguage skills in mother tongue education in regard to the relationship of deep structure andsurface structure. The first chapter provides information on the concepts of deep structure andsurface structure originally developed by Port Royal Grammar School and brought to the agendaby the theory of Transformational Generative Grammar put forward by Noam Chomsky in 1960s.The second chapter analysed the skills of speaking, writing, reading and listening in the context ofthe relationship of deep structure and surface structure. The purpose of the study is todetermine the decisive elements in the process of the training of basic language skills within thecontext of meaning and form relationships, which are two fundamental dimensions of thelanguage, and to develop proposals for scheduling the process. In the analyses of the study, it hasbeen revealed that the concepts of articulation, prosody phenomena, body language, productivevocabulary, receptive vocabulary, fluency, text type, spelling and punctuation, coherence,consistency, prior knowledge, word recognition, word discrimination ability, acquired knowledge,presupposition, implication are the elements that have an impact on the development of basiclanguage skills within the context of deep structure and surface structure relationships. The concepts of articulation, prosody phenomena, body language, fluency, coherence, text type,word recognition, word discrimination ability, spelling and punctuation are directly linked tosurface structure. On the other hand, the concepts of productive vocabulary, receptivevocabulary, consistency, prior knowledge, acquired knowledge, presupposition and implicationare related to deep structure. It has been determined that the concept of fluency is related to alllanguage skills.