KOAH ve astımda atak

Kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (KOAH) ve astım, ataklarla seyreden hava yollarının hastalıklarıdır. Ataklar her iki hastalıkta da hastalığın doğal seyrini etkilemektedir. KOAH atakları infeksiyonlar ve infeksiyon dışı nedenlere bağlı olarak gelişebilir. İnfeksiyon dışınedenler; başlıca çevresel faktörler (iç ve dış ortam hava kirliliği, mevsimsel değişiklikler), kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, astım-KOAHoverlap sendrom varlığı, KOAH-obstrüktif uyku apne overlap sendrom varlığı, pulmoner emboli, gastro-özefageal reflü, anksiyetedepresyon, pulmoner hipertansiyon olması gibi diğer faktörlerdir. Astım atakları, tetikleyen etkenlere maruziyet, viral infeksiyonlar, tedavinin hasta veya hekim tarafından aksatılması veya yetersiz verilmesi ile ortaya çıkar. Sigaranın bırakılması, infeksiyonların önlenmesi, uzun etkili antikolinerjik, uzun etkili β2 agonist, inhaler kortikosteroidler, fosfodiesteraz-4 inhibitörleri, mukolitikler, profilaktik antibiyotikler KOAH akut ataklarının önlenmesinde etkili olabilir. Astımda tetikleyen allerjen, viral infeksiyonlardan korunma, mesleki ajanlar, çevre kirliliğinden sakınma, komorbit hastalıkların tedavisi ile atak oranlarında azalmalar sağlanabilmektedir. Etkin tedaviler verilmesi; inhaler steroidler ve kombine tedaviler atakların önlenmesinde en etkin tedavi ajanlarıdır. Hasta eğitimi ve hasta ile işbirliği; etkin bir tedavi verilerek hastaya düzgün tedavisinin kullanımının gereği, inhaler tekniği öğretilmeli ve eline yazılı eylem planı verilerek yakınmaları başlayınca yapması gerekenler yazılarak aktarılmalıdır. KOAH ve astım atak tedavisinin temeli yoğun bir bronkodilatör tedavidir. Buna paralel olarak, atakta yangıya yönelik steroid tedavileri de, hastanın durumuna göre, devreye sokulur. Ayrıca atağa neden olan soruna (infeksiyon, hava kirliliği, emboli vb.) özgül tedavi ve uygulanmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Solunum Sistemi

Acute exacerbation in COPD and asthma

Öz:

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are airway diseases with acute exacerbations. Natural course of both disease are affected by exacerbations. COPD exacerbations may be caused by infections and other causes; indoor and outdoor pollution, cardiovascular diseases, asthma-COPD overlap syndrome, COPD- obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, pulmonary embolism, gastro-oesophageal reflux, anxiety-depression, pulmonary hypertension. Exposure to triggering factors, viral infections, treatment insufficiency may cause asthma exacerbations. Smoking cessations, prevention of infections, long-acting anticholinergics, long-acting β2 agonists, inhaled corticosteroids, phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors, mucolytics, prophilactic antibiotics can be effective on the prevention of COPD exacerbations. Asthma exacerbations may be decreased by the avoidance of allergens, viral infections, occupational exposures, airpollution, treatment of comorbid diseases. Effective treatment of asthma is required to prevent asthma exacerbations. Inhaled steroids and combined treatments are the most effective preventive therapy for exacerbations. Patient education and cooperation is an element of the preventive measures for asthma attacks. Compliance to therapy, inhalation techniques, written asthma plans are required. The essential of COPD and asthma exacerbation treatment is bronchodilator therapy. Steroids are also implemented to the therapy, targeting the inflammation. Specific treatments of the cause (infection, airpollution, pulmonary embolism etc.) should be administered.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Solunum Sistemi

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	YILDIRIM N, DEMİR T, Gemicioglu B, KIYAN E, OĞUZÜLGEN İ, POLATLI M, SARYAL S, Sayiner A, yorgancıoglu a, Bavbek S, ÇELİK G, Gunen H, MUNGAN V, SEN E, TÜRKTAŞ H, Yildiz F (2015). KOAH ve astımda atak. , 111 - 131.
Chicago	YILDIRIM Nurhayat,DEMİR Tunçalp,Gemicioglu Bilun,KIYAN Esen,OĞUZÜLGEN İPEK KIVILCIM,POLATLI MEHMET,SARYAL SEVGI BEHIYE,Sayiner Abdullah,yorgancıoglu arzu,Bavbek Sevim,ÇELİK Gülfem E.,Gunen Hakan,MUNGAN VESİLE DİLŞAD,SEN ELIF,TÜRKTAŞ HALUK ŞABAN,Yildiz Fusun KOAH ve astımda atak. (2015): 111 - 131.
MLA	YILDIRIM Nurhayat,DEMİR Tunçalp,Gemicioglu Bilun,KIYAN Esen,OĞUZÜLGEN İPEK KIVILCIM,POLATLI MEHMET,SARYAL SEVGI BEHIYE,Sayiner Abdullah,yorgancıoglu arzu,Bavbek Sevim,ÇELİK Gülfem E.,Gunen Hakan,MUNGAN VESİLE DİLŞAD,SEN ELIF,TÜRKTAŞ HALUK ŞABAN,Yildiz Fusun KOAH ve astımda atak. , 2015, ss.111 - 131.
AMA	YILDIRIM N,DEMİR T,Gemicioglu B,KIYAN E,OĞUZÜLGEN İ,POLATLI M,SARYAL S,Sayiner A,yorgancıoglu a,Bavbek S,ÇELİK G,Gunen H,MUNGAN V,SEN E,TÜRKTAŞ H,Yildiz F KOAH ve astımda atak. . 2015; 111 - 131.
Vancouver	YILDIRIM N,DEMİR T,Gemicioglu B,KIYAN E,OĞUZÜLGEN İ,POLATLI M,SARYAL S,Sayiner A,yorgancıoglu a,Bavbek S,ÇELİK G,Gunen H,MUNGAN V,SEN E,TÜRKTAŞ H,Yildiz F KOAH ve astımda atak. . 2015; 111 - 131.
IEEE	YILDIRIM N,DEMİR T,Gemicioglu B,KIYAN E,OĞUZÜLGEN İ,POLATLI M,SARYAL S,Sayiner A,yorgancıoglu a,Bavbek S,ÇELİK G,Gunen H,MUNGAN V,SEN E,TÜRKTAŞ H,Yildiz F "KOAH ve astımda atak." , ss.111 - 131, 2015.
ISNAD	YILDIRIM, Nurhayat vd. "KOAH ve astımda atak". (2015), 111-131.

APA	YILDIRIM N, DEMİR T, Gemicioglu B, KIYAN E, OĞUZÜLGEN İ, POLATLI M, SARYAL S, Sayiner A, yorgancıoglu a, Bavbek S, ÇELİK G, Gunen H, MUNGAN V, SEN E, TÜRKTAŞ H, Yildiz F (2015). KOAH ve astımda atak. Tüberküloz ve Toraks, 63(2), 111 - 131.
Chicago	YILDIRIM Nurhayat,DEMİR Tunçalp,Gemicioglu Bilun,KIYAN Esen,OĞUZÜLGEN İPEK KIVILCIM,POLATLI MEHMET,SARYAL SEVGI BEHIYE,Sayiner Abdullah,yorgancıoglu arzu,Bavbek Sevim,ÇELİK Gülfem E.,Gunen Hakan,MUNGAN VESİLE DİLŞAD,SEN ELIF,TÜRKTAŞ HALUK ŞABAN,Yildiz Fusun KOAH ve astımda atak. Tüberküloz ve Toraks 63, no.2 (2015): 111 - 131.
MLA	YILDIRIM Nurhayat,DEMİR Tunçalp,Gemicioglu Bilun,KIYAN Esen,OĞUZÜLGEN İPEK KIVILCIM,POLATLI MEHMET,SARYAL SEVGI BEHIYE,Sayiner Abdullah,yorgancıoglu arzu,Bavbek Sevim,ÇELİK Gülfem E.,Gunen Hakan,MUNGAN VESİLE DİLŞAD,SEN ELIF,TÜRKTAŞ HALUK ŞABAN,Yildiz Fusun KOAH ve astımda atak. Tüberküloz ve Toraks, vol.63, no.2, 2015, ss.111 - 131.
AMA	YILDIRIM N,DEMİR T,Gemicioglu B,KIYAN E,OĞUZÜLGEN İ,POLATLI M,SARYAL S,Sayiner A,yorgancıoglu a,Bavbek S,ÇELİK G,Gunen H,MUNGAN V,SEN E,TÜRKTAŞ H,Yildiz F KOAH ve astımda atak. Tüberküloz ve Toraks. 2015; 63(2): 111 - 131.
Vancouver	YILDIRIM N,DEMİR T,Gemicioglu B,KIYAN E,OĞUZÜLGEN İ,POLATLI M,SARYAL S,Sayiner A,yorgancıoglu a,Bavbek S,ÇELİK G,Gunen H,MUNGAN V,SEN E,TÜRKTAŞ H,Yildiz F KOAH ve astımda atak. Tüberküloz ve Toraks. 2015; 63(2): 111 - 131.
IEEE	YILDIRIM N,DEMİR T,Gemicioglu B,KIYAN E,OĞUZÜLGEN İ,POLATLI M,SARYAL S,Sayiner A,yorgancıoglu a,Bavbek S,ÇELİK G,Gunen H,MUNGAN V,SEN E,TÜRKTAŞ H,Yildiz F "KOAH ve astımda atak." Tüberküloz ve Toraks, 63, ss.111 - 131, 2015.
ISNAD	YILDIRIM, Nurhayat vd. "KOAH ve astımda atak". Tüberküloz ve Toraks 63/2 (2015), 111-131.