The first quarter of the 20th century is described as an era with a productive and rich content when innovation, experimentation, interdisciplinary collaboration and mutual interaction came to the forefront. This spirit of Europe was shaped as a result of the Europeans travelling the world by means of developing technologies; with an attitude of creativity, openness and curiosity to other cultures. Two of the prominent values of this era were oriantalism and modern art. In this period consisting of a dynamic and rich mixture of diverse cultures and ideas; the Russian art director Sergei Diaghilev established the Ballets Russes in Paris. The performances of this ballet company not only reflected the cultural and artistic atmosphere of the era by its stage decors, dances, music and particulary the costume; but also it formed and passed this on to the audience. For this reason, examining and analysing this ballet from multiple perspectives, most especially its costumes, would be a guiding light for understanding the Europe of 1910s and 1920s