Yıl: 1999 Cilt: 23 Sayı: 4 Sayfa Aralığı: 401 - 411 Metin Dili: Türkçe İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Effects of Different Irrigation Programs on Fruit, Trunk Growth Rates, Quality and Yield of Grapefruit Trees

Öz:
Deneme, Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesinde, farklı sulama aralıkları ve pan katsayılarının meyve ve gövde gelişim ile verim üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla, kumlu-tınlı topraklarda, 1985-1988 yılları arasında, yürütülmüştür. İki farklı sulama aralığı (I1=15 ve I2= 25 gün) ve pan katsayıları (k1=0.60 ve K2=1.00) kullanılmıştır. Sulama aralıklarında en yüksek evapotranspirasyon değerleri, k2 katsayısının kullanıldığı konudan elde edilmiştir. Konulara uygulanan ortalama sulama suyu miktarı (IR) ve evapotranspirasyon (Et) değerleri, I1k2 konusunda, 796 mm ve 1039 mm, I2k2 konusunda ise 782 mm ve 988 mm olarak saptanmıştır. Deneme yıllarında altıntop ağaçlarında peryodisite görülmüştür. Sulama programlarının altıntop verimi üzerine istatistiksel anlamda etkisi olmamıştır. Bununla birlikte, I1k1 konusundan elde edilen verim değerleri, 67.3±0.164 t/ha, diğer konulardan daha yüksektir. Peryodisite yıllarında verim ve meyve sayısı deneme konularına bağlı olarak sırasıyla 45-52% ve 77-85% oranında azalmıştır. Ortalama meyve ağırlığı ve çapı, normal verim yıllarında peryodisite yılına oranla, sırasıyla, 32% ve 20% düzeylerinde daha düşük bulunmuştur. Çekirdek sayısı ise peryodisite yıllarında 2-4 kat artmıştır. Usare miktarları ile toplam kuru madde miktarları arasında önemli ilişki saptanmıştır. Normal verim yıllarında, toplam kuru madde miktarları, %11.1 düzeyinde azalırken, usare miktarları %41.9 oranında artmıştır. Usare miktarları ve kabuk kalınlıkları normal ve peryodisite yıllarına bağlı olarak değişim göstermiştir. Peryodisite yıllarında, ortalama usare miktarı yaklaşık %17, düşük kabuk kalınlığı ise %18 daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Meyve ve ağaç gövde çap gelişimi, diğer konulara kıyasla, I1k1 konusunda daha hızlı olmuştur. Maksimum gövde çapının olduğu I1k1 konusunda, aşı yerinin üzerinde %23; aşı yerinin altında %28 ve meyva çapında %35 gelişme olduğu belirlenmiştir. Verim ve kimi kalite özellikleri ilişkileri, toplam verim kestiriminde kullanılmıştır. Farklı öğelerin verim üzerine etkileri, çoklu doğrusal analizlerle belirlenmiştir. Hasattaki verim değerlerinin belirlenmesinde meyve ve dilim sayısı ilişkilerini veren Y=-141.518+0.058FN-10.359NS eşitliği elde edilmiştir. Diğer yandan, gelişme dönemi boyunca ölçülen meyve çap gelişimi de, verimin kestiriminde kullanılmıştır. Sonuçta farklı zamanlarda, (X16: 15 Ağustos; X19:30 Eylül ve X20: 15 Ekim), ölçülen meyve çapı-verim ilişkisini veren Y=162.681+56.819(X16)-17.650(X19) -41.100(X20), eşitliği bulunmuştur.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Orman Mühendisliği

Farklı Sulama Programlarının Altıntop Bitkisinde Meyve, Gövde Gelişim Oranları, Kalite ve Verim Üzerine Etkileri

Öz:
Long-term field experiments were carried out between 1985 and 1988 to determine the effect of different irrigation intervals and pan coefficients on the fruit and trunk growth rates and yield of mature grapefruit trees grown in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey in a medium-light textured soil. Two different irrigation intervals (I1=15 and I2=25 days), and pan coefficients (k1=0.60 and k2=1.00) were used. Higher evapotranspiration values were obtained from the treatments with k2 coefficient in the two irrigation regimes. The average irrigation water (IR) and evapotranspiration (Et) values were 796 mm and 1039 mm for I1k2, and 782 mm and 988 mm for I2k2, respectively. The grapefruit trees exhibited periodicity during the period of study. Results indicate that the effects of the irrigaiton programs on grapefruit yield were not significantly different. However, slightly higher yields were obtained from the frequently irrigated trees with an average of 67.3±0.164 t/ha for I1k1. In periodicity years, the yield and the number of fruits harvested decreased by 45-52% and 77-85% with respect to irrigation treatments. In normal-yield years, the average fruit weight and diameter were nearly 32% and 20% lower than in the periodicity years, and the seed number was two to four times greater than in the periodicity years. It was found that there was an inverse relationship between fruit extract and TSS (total soluble solid percentage). The fruit extract content increased to 41.9%, whereas TSS decreased to 11.1% in normal-yield years. Fruit extract and peel thickness varied during the experimental period. In the periodicity years, the average fruit extract was about 17% lower and the peel thickness was 18% higher than in normal-yield years. Both the fruit and trunk-diameter growth rates were higher in treatment I1k1 than the o hers. The maximum development in trunk diameters was observed in I1k1, with 23% (above the graft) and 28% (below the graft), and 35% in terms of fruit diameter. The relationship between yield and some quality characteristics in the estimation of the yield was analyzed. The effects of various factors on the yield were determined using multiple regression analysis. The equation Y=-141.518+0.058FN-10.359NS can be used to estimate the final yield o grapefruit where FN is the fruit number, and NS is the number of segments. However, it was shown that measurement of fruit diameter during certain periods of the year can be used to predict grapefruit yield. For this purpose, the equation Y=162.681+56.819(X16)-17.650(X19)-41.100(X20) can be used, where X16, X19, and X20 are the fruit diameters observed on August 15, September 30, and October 15, respectively
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Orman Mühendisliği
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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APA Kanber R, KÖKSAL H, YAZAR A, Ozekici B, ÖNDER S (1999). Effects of Different Irrigation Programs on Fruit, Trunk Growth Rates, Quality and Yield of Grapefruit Trees. , 401 - 411.
Chicago Kanber Rıza,KÖKSAL Harun,YAZAR Atilla,Ozekici Bulent,ÖNDER Samet Effects of Different Irrigation Programs on Fruit, Trunk Growth Rates, Quality and Yield of Grapefruit Trees. (1999): 401 - 411.
MLA Kanber Rıza,KÖKSAL Harun,YAZAR Atilla,Ozekici Bulent,ÖNDER Samet Effects of Different Irrigation Programs on Fruit, Trunk Growth Rates, Quality and Yield of Grapefruit Trees. , 1999, ss.401 - 411.
AMA Kanber R,KÖKSAL H,YAZAR A,Ozekici B,ÖNDER S Effects of Different Irrigation Programs on Fruit, Trunk Growth Rates, Quality and Yield of Grapefruit Trees. . 1999; 401 - 411.
Vancouver Kanber R,KÖKSAL H,YAZAR A,Ozekici B,ÖNDER S Effects of Different Irrigation Programs on Fruit, Trunk Growth Rates, Quality and Yield of Grapefruit Trees. . 1999; 401 - 411.
IEEE Kanber R,KÖKSAL H,YAZAR A,Ozekici B,ÖNDER S "Effects of Different Irrigation Programs on Fruit, Trunk Growth Rates, Quality and Yield of Grapefruit Trees." , ss.401 - 411, 1999.
ISNAD Kanber, Rıza vd. "Effects of Different Irrigation Programs on Fruit, Trunk Growth Rates, Quality and Yield of Grapefruit Trees". (1999), 401-411.
APA Kanber R, KÖKSAL H, YAZAR A, Ozekici B, ÖNDER S (1999). Effects of Different Irrigation Programs on Fruit, Trunk Growth Rates, Quality and Yield of Grapefruit Trees. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23(4), 401 - 411.
Chicago Kanber Rıza,KÖKSAL Harun,YAZAR Atilla,Ozekici Bulent,ÖNDER Samet Effects of Different Irrigation Programs on Fruit, Trunk Growth Rates, Quality and Yield of Grapefruit Trees. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 23, no.4 (1999): 401 - 411.
MLA Kanber Rıza,KÖKSAL Harun,YAZAR Atilla,Ozekici Bulent,ÖNDER Samet Effects of Different Irrigation Programs on Fruit, Trunk Growth Rates, Quality and Yield of Grapefruit Trees. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, vol.23, no.4, 1999, ss.401 - 411.
AMA Kanber R,KÖKSAL H,YAZAR A,Ozekici B,ÖNDER S Effects of Different Irrigation Programs on Fruit, Trunk Growth Rates, Quality and Yield of Grapefruit Trees. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 1999; 23(4): 401 - 411.
Vancouver Kanber R,KÖKSAL H,YAZAR A,Ozekici B,ÖNDER S Effects of Different Irrigation Programs on Fruit, Trunk Growth Rates, Quality and Yield of Grapefruit Trees. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 1999; 23(4): 401 - 411.
IEEE Kanber R,KÖKSAL H,YAZAR A,Ozekici B,ÖNDER S "Effects of Different Irrigation Programs on Fruit, Trunk Growth Rates, Quality and Yield of Grapefruit Trees." Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 23, ss.401 - 411, 1999.
ISNAD Kanber, Rıza vd. "Effects of Different Irrigation Programs on Fruit, Trunk Growth Rates, Quality and Yield of Grapefruit Trees". Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 23/4 (1999), 401-411.