Pulmoner embolizm spesifik olmayan semptomatoloji ve laboratuvar bulguları nedeniyle bazen tanı konulması zor olan, yaşamı tehdit eden acil bir durumdur. Stabil angina pektoris öyküsü olan 65 yaşındaki bir kadın, acil servisimize ciddi akut nefes darlığı ve göğüs ağrısı nedeniyle başvurdu. EKG'de V1'den V6'ya kadar T negatifliği saptandı ve ilk troponin değeri 16.8 ng/ml, D-dimer 897?g/L idi. Laboratuvar ve ekokardiyografik bulgular, klinik tablo kesin tanıyı koymada yetersiz kaldığı için hastayı koroner ve pulmoner anjiyografi yapmak maksatlı kateter laboratuvarına gönderdik. Kateter laboratuvarında sol ön inen koroner arter proksimal-orta kısmında ciddi daralma ve sol ana pulmoner arterde geniş bir trombo-emboli nedeniyle kısmi tıkanıklık saptadık ve başarılı bir şekilde tedavi ettik.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening emergency that is sometimes difficult to diagnose due to nonspecific symptomatology and laboratory findings. A 65 years old women who has past stable angina pectoris history was admitted to the our emergency department with severe acute dyspnea and chest pain. The ECG revealed negative T waves in leads V1 through V6 and initial troponin was 16.8 ng/ml and Ddimer 897?g/L. Since these both laboratory and echocardiographic findings and clinical presentation did not let us establish a definite diagnosis, we sent the patient to the catheterization laboratory in order to perform both coronary and pulmonary angiography. We detected severe stenosis of proximal-mid left anterior descending artery and partially occluded left main pulmonary artery by large thrombo-emboli at the catheterization laboratory and treated successfully.

Objective: Relevancy of the reference genes have not been investigated in crayfish tissue samples. Various genes have been proposed for establishing a reference level to analyze qPCR results obtained in different tissue samples. However, majority of those genes have been investigated solely in mammalian species. There is no report related to the relevancy and the efficiency of those common reference genes in crayfish tissue samples yet. The primary aim of the present work is to compare the expression level of a set of reference genes in various crayfish tissue samples to establish a reliable reference gene for quantitative expression level comparisons.Methods: cDNA copies were synthesized by RT-PCR from equalised total RNA samples of nine different tissue samples. qPCR were performed on cDNA samples by using four different primer pairs specific for ?-actin, Peptidylprolyl Isomerase B, Sarcoplasmic Calcium Binding Protein and 18S ribosomal RNA genes.Results: qActin2 amplified gene fragments for ?-actin in all samples. Cycle time of the amplification reaction differed substantially between the investigated tissue types. A similar difference was observed between the melting curves of the products. The primer pair PPIB amplified gene fragments for Peptidylprolyl Isomerase B only in heart, muscle and intestine samples but not in the rest of the tissue samples. Further, both amplification and melting curves for heart, muscle and intestine were different. qSCP. amplified some gene fragments for Sarcoplasmic ReticulumBinding Protein only in muscle, heart and ganglionsamples. The 18S_1 amplified fragments for 18S. Amplificationcurves the samples superimposed on each other.Melting curves of the products were very similar. Varianceof the obtained data was the lowest for 18S ribosomal RNA.Conclusion: In refer to present results; it is conceivableto propose that among all the genes investigated in thepresent study, expression level of ribosomal 18S RNA isthe most homogeneously distributed one within the bodyparts of the crayfish. Further, it is minimally affected byextreme biological changes such as molting. Thus, 18SRibosomal RNA would be suggested as a reference geneto be used when investigating tissue specific expressionlevel of a gene in the crayfish.