Yıl: 2016 Cilt: 46 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 185 - 193 Metin Dili: İngilizce İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

The effect of proanthocyanidin on formaldehyde-induced toxicity in rat testes

Öz:
Background/aim: This study investigated the effect of proanthocyanidin (PA) against formaldehyde (FA)-induced lipid peroxidation damage and morphological changes in rat testes. Materials and methods: Twenty-one Wistar albino rats were randomized into 3 groups: control, FA, and FA + PA groups. Plasma and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and total sialic acid (TSA) levels were measured. Testes tissues were observed by light and electron microscopy. Results: TSA (plasma and tissue) levels decreased and MDA (plasma) significantly increased (P < 0.05) in rats treated with FA compared to the controls. Tissue MDA levels were not significantly different. Several necrotic changes were observed in testes tissues by light and electron microscopy. Disordering in epithelia of seminiferous tubules, vacuolization between germinal epithelium cells, and separated basement membranes were observed by light microscope. Immunopositivity in Leydig cells decreased in the FA group (P < 0.05). In the FA + PA group there were more immune Leydig cells reacting immune-positively than in the FA group (P < 0.05). Ultrastructurally, FA also caused disorganization and loss of mitochondrial cristae, and dilatation in endoplasmic reticulum in testes. Conclusion: The results suggest that PA has a protective effect on FA toxicity in testes.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Cerrahi
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • 1. Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Stohs S, Ray SD, Sen CK, Preuss HG. Cellular protection with proanthocyanidins derived from grape seeds. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002; 957: 260–270.
  • 2. Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Stohs SJ, Das DK, Ray SD, Kuszynski CA, Joshi SS, Pruess HG. Free radicals and grape seed proanthocyanidin extract: importance in human health and disease prevention. Toxicology 2000; 148: 187–197.
  • 3. Fine AM. Oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexes: history, structure, and phytopharmaceutical applications. Altern Med Rev 2000; 5: 144–151.
  • 4. Nassiri-Asl M, Hosseinzadeh H. Review of the pharmacological effects of Vitis vinifera (Grape) and its bioactive compounds. Phytother Res 2009; 23: 1197–1204.
  • 5. Yanarates O, Guven A, Sizlan A, Uysal B, Akgul O, Atim A, Ozcan A, Korkmaz A, Kurt E. Ameliorative effects of proanthocyanidin on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Ren Fail 2008; 30: 931–938.
  • 6. Cheng M, Gao HQ, Xu L, Li BY, Zhang H, Li XH. Cardioprotective effects of grape seed proanthocyanidins extracts in streptozocin induced diabetic rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2007; 50: 503–509.
  • 7. Chen Q, Zhang R, Li WM, Niu YJ, Guo HC, Liu XH, Hou YC, Zhao LJ. The protective effect of grape seed procyanidin extract against cadmium-induced renal oxidative damage in mice. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 36: 759–768.
  • 8. Zayachkivska OS, Gzhegotsky MR, Terletska OI, Lutsyk DA, Yaschenko AM, Dzhura OR. Influence of Viburnum opulus proanthocyanidins on stress-induced gastrointestinal mucosal damage. J Physiol Pharmacol 2006; 57 (Suppl. 5): 155–167.
  • 9. Aslan H, Songur A, Tunc AT, Ozen OA, Bas O, Yagmurca M, Turgut M, Sarsilmaz M, Kaplan S. Effects of formaldehyde exposure on granule cell number and volume of dentate gyrus: a histopathological and stereological study. Brain Res 2006; 1122: 191–200.
  • 10. Gulec M, Gurel A, Armutcu F. Vitamin E protects against oxidative damage caused by formaldehyde in the liver and plasma of rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 290: 61–67.
  • 11. Gurel A, Coskun O, Armutcu F, Kanter M, Ozen OA. Vitamin E against oxidative damage caused by formaldehyde in frontal cortex and hippocampus: biochemical and histological studies. J Chem Neuroanat 2005; 29: 173–178.
  • 12. Kuş İ, Zararsız İ, Ögetürk M, Yılmaz HR, Sarsılmaz M. Testicular SOD, GSH-Px and MDA levels in experimental toxicity of formaldehyde and protective effect of ω-3 fatty acids. Fırat Tıp Dergisi 2008; 13: 1–4 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
  • 13. Zhou DX, Qiu SD, Zhang J, Tian H, Wang HX. The protective effect of vitamin E against oxidative damage caused by formaldehyde in the testes of adult rats. Asian J Androl 2006; 8: 584–588.
  • 14. Zhang FY, Wan Y, Zhang ZK, Light AR, Fu KY. Peripheral formalin injection induces long-lasting increases in cyclooxygenase 1 expression by microglia in the spinal cord. J Pain 2007; 8: 110–117.
  • 15. Gutteridge JM. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue damage. Clin Chem 1995; 41: 1819–1828.
  • 16. Jacob RA, Burri BJ. Oxidative damage and defense. Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 63: 985–990.
  • 17. MacNee W, Rahman I. Oxidants and antioxidants as therapeutic targets in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 1999; 160: 58–65.
  • 18. Rahman I, van Schadewijk AA, Hiemstra PS, Stolk J, van Krieken JH, MacNee W, de Boer WI. Localization of gammaglutamylcysteine synthetase messenger RNA expression in lungs of smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2000; 28: 920–925.
  • 19. Sakrak O, Kerem M, Bedirli A, Pasaoglu H, Akyurek N, Ofluoglu E, Gultekin FA. Ergothioneine modulates proinflammatory cytokines and heat shock protein 70 in mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion injury. J Surg Res 2008; 144: 36–42.
  • 20. Kelm S, Schauer R. Sialic acids in molecular and cellular interactions. Int Rev Cytol 1997; 175: 137–240.
  • 21. Schauer R. Sialic acids: fascinating sugars in higher animals and man. Zoology 2004; 107: 49–64.
  • 22. Stringer MD, Gorog PG, Freeman A, Kakkar VV. Lipid peroxides and atherosclerosis. BMJ 1989; 298: 281–284. 23. Varki A. Diversity in the sialic acids. Glycobiology 1992; 2: 25–40.
  • 24. Idiz N, Guvendik G, Bosgelmez II, Soylemezoglu T, Dogan YB, Ilhan I. Serum sialic acid and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels in alcohol-dependent individuals. Forensic Sci Int 2004; 146 (Suppl.): S67–70.
  • 25. Crook M, Constable S, Lumb P, Rymer J. Elevated serum sialic acid in pregnancy. J Clin Pathol 1997; 50: 494–495.
  • 26. Serdar Z, Serdar A, Altin A, Eryilmaz U, Albayrak S. The relation between oxidant and antioxidant parameters and severity of acute coronary syndromes. Acta Cardiol 2007; 62: 373–380.
  • 27. Ozen OA, Akpolat N, Songur A, Kus I, Zararsiz I, Ozacmak VH, Sarsilmaz M. Effect of formaldehyde inhalation on Hsp70 in seminiferous tubules of rat testes: an immunohistochemical study. Toxicol Ind Health 2005; 21: 249–254.
  • 28. Zararsiz I, Kus I, Ogeturk M, Akpolat N, Kose E, Meydan S, Sarsilmaz M. Melatonin prevents formaldehydeinduced neurotoxicity in prefrontal cortex of rats: an immunohistochemical and biochemical study. Cell Biochem Funct 2007; 25: 413–418.
  • 29. Marciniak A, Szpringer E, Lutnicki K, Beltowski J. Influence of thymus extract (TFX) on lipid peroxidation in the plasma of rats following thermal injury. B Vet I Pulawy 2003; 47: 231– 238.
  • 30. Basaran UN, Dokmeci D, Yalcin O, Inan M, Kanter M, Aydogdu N, Turan N. Effect of curcumin on ipsilateral and contralateral testes after unilateral testicular torsion in a rat model. Urol Int 2008; 80: 201–207.
  • 31. Camuesco D, Comalada M, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Nieto A, Lorente MD, Concha A, Zarzuelo A, Galvez J. The intestinal anti-inflammatory effect of quercitrin is associated with an inhibition in iNOS expression. Br J Pharmacol 2004; 143: 908– 918.
  • 32. Aktac T, Kaboglu A, Kizilay G, Bakar E. The short-term effects of single toxic citric acid doses on mouse tissues - histopathological study. Fresen Environ Bull 2008; 17: 311– 315.
  • 33. Ozen OA, Kus MA, Kus I, Alkoc OA, Songur A. Protective effects of melatonin against formaldehyde-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in rat testes: an immunohistochemical and biochemical study. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2008; 54: 169– 176.
  • 34. Asha Devi S, Sagar Chandrasekar BK, Manjula KR, Ishii N. Grape seed proanthocyanidin lowers brain oxidative stress in adult and middle-aged rats. Exp Geront 2011; 46: 958–964.
  • 35. Castrillejo VM, Romero MM, Esteve M, Ardevol A, Blay M, Blade C, Arola L, Salvado MJ. Antioxidant effects of a grapeseed procyanidin extract and oleoyl-estrone in obese Zucker rats. Nutrition 2011; 27: 1172–1176.
  • 36. Guler A, Sahin MA, Yucel O, Yokusoglu M, Gamsizkan M, Ozal E, Demirkilic U, Arslan M. Proanthocyanidin prevents myocardial ischemic injury in adult rats. Med Sci Monit 2011; 17: BR326–331.
  • 37. Sizlan A, Guven A, Uysal B, Yanarates O, Atim A, Oztas E, Cosar A, Korkmaz A. Proanthocyanidin protects intestine and remote organs against mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion injury. World J Surg 2009; 33: 1384–1391.
  • 38. Ulusoy S, Ozkan G, Yucesan FB, Ersoz S, Orem A, Alkanat M, Yulug E, Kaynar K, Al S. Anti-apoptotic and anti-oxidant effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in preventing cyclosporine A-induced nephropathy. Nephrology (Carlton) 2012; 17: 372–379.
  • 39. Janega P, Cerna A, Kholova I, Brabencova E, Babal P. Sialic acid expression in autoimmune thyroiditis. Acta Histochem 2002; 104: 343–347.
  • 40. Karapehlivan M, Atakisi E, Citil M, Kankavi O, Atakisi O. Serum sialic acid levels in calves with pneumonia. Vet Res Commun 2007; 31: 37–41.
  • 41. Manju V, Balasubramanian V, Nalini N. Oxidative stress and tumor markers in cervical cancer patients. J Biochem Mol Biol Biophys 2002; 6: 387–390.
  • 42. Babal P, Janega P, Cerna A, Kholova I, Brabencova E. Neoplastic transformation of the thyroid gland is accompanied by changes in cellular sialylation. Acta Histochem 2006; 108: 133–140.
  • 43. Raval GN, Parekh LJ, Patel DD, Jha FP, Sainger RN, Patel PS. Clinical usefulness of alterations in sialic acid, sialyl transferase and sialoproteins in breast cancer. Indian J Clin Biochem 2004; 19: 60–71.
  • 44. Choudhary N, Goyal R, Joshi SC. Effect of malathion on reproductive system of male rats. J Environ Biol 2008; 29: 259– 262.
  • 45. Joshi SC, Mathur R, Gulati N. Testicular toxicity of chlorpyrifos (an organophosphate pesticide) in albino rat. Toxicol Ind Healt 2007; 23: 439–444.
  • 46. Thrasher JD, Kilburn KH. Embryo toxicity and teratogenicity of formaldehyde. Arch Environ Health 2001; 56: 300–311.
  • 47. Golalipour MJ, Azarhoush R, Ghafari S, Gharravi AM, Fazeli SA, Davarian A. Formaldehyde exposure induces histopathological and morphometric changes in the rat testis. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2007; 66: 167–171.
  • 48. Zhou D, Zhang J, Wang H. Assessment of the potential reproductive toxicity of long-term exposure of adult male rats to low-dose formaldehyde. Toxicol Ind Healt 2011; 27: 591– 598.
  • 49. Aydıner A, Aytekin Y, Sayın Ü, Kuntsal L, Topuz E. Cisplatin’in testis dokusuna etkisi: ultrastrüktürel ve biyokimyasal bir çalışma. Türk Patoloji Dergisi 1995; 11: 5–9 (in Turkish with a summary in English).
  • 50. Alberts B, Bray D, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Watson JD. Cell junctions, cell adhesion and the extracellular matrix. In: Alberts B, Bray D, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Watson JD, editors. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th ed. New York, NY, USA: Garland Science; 2002. pp. 1065–1126.
  • 51. Dym M. Basement membrane regulation of Sertoli cells. Endocr Rev 1994; 15: 102–115.
  • 52. Diaz ES, Pellizzari E, Meroni S, Cigorraga S, Lustig L, Denduchis B. Effect of extracellular matrix proteins on in vitro testosterone production by rat Leydig cells. Mol Reprod Dev 2002; 61: 493–503.
  • 53. Siu MK, Cheng CY. Extracellular matrix: recent advances on its role in junction dynamics in the seminiferous epithelium during spermatogenesis. Biol Reprod 2004; 71: 375–391.
  • 54. Lehmann D, Temminck B, Da Rugna D, Leibundgut B, Sulmoni A, Muller H. Role of immunological factors in male infertility. Immunohistochemical and serological evidence. Lab Invest 1987; 57: 21–28.
  • 55. Salomon F, Hedinger CE. Abnormal basement membrane structures of seminiferous tubules in infertile men. Lab Invest 1982; 47: 543–554.
APA ULUÇAM E, BAKAR E (2016). The effect of proanthocyanidin on formaldehyde-induced toxicity in rat testes. , 185 - 193.
Chicago ULUÇAM Enis,BAKAR Elvan The effect of proanthocyanidin on formaldehyde-induced toxicity in rat testes. (2016): 185 - 193.
MLA ULUÇAM Enis,BAKAR Elvan The effect of proanthocyanidin on formaldehyde-induced toxicity in rat testes. , 2016, ss.185 - 193.
AMA ULUÇAM E,BAKAR E The effect of proanthocyanidin on formaldehyde-induced toxicity in rat testes. . 2016; 185 - 193.
Vancouver ULUÇAM E,BAKAR E The effect of proanthocyanidin on formaldehyde-induced toxicity in rat testes. . 2016; 185 - 193.
IEEE ULUÇAM E,BAKAR E "The effect of proanthocyanidin on formaldehyde-induced toxicity in rat testes." , ss.185 - 193, 2016.
ISNAD ULUÇAM, Enis - BAKAR, Elvan. "The effect of proanthocyanidin on formaldehyde-induced toxicity in rat testes". (2016), 185-193.
APA ULUÇAM E, BAKAR E (2016). The effect of proanthocyanidin on formaldehyde-induced toxicity in rat testes. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 46(1), 185 - 193.
Chicago ULUÇAM Enis,BAKAR Elvan The effect of proanthocyanidin on formaldehyde-induced toxicity in rat testes. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 46, no.1 (2016): 185 - 193.
MLA ULUÇAM Enis,BAKAR Elvan The effect of proanthocyanidin on formaldehyde-induced toxicity in rat testes. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, vol.46, no.1, 2016, ss.185 - 193.
AMA ULUÇAM E,BAKAR E The effect of proanthocyanidin on formaldehyde-induced toxicity in rat testes. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2016; 46(1): 185 - 193.
Vancouver ULUÇAM E,BAKAR E The effect of proanthocyanidin on formaldehyde-induced toxicity in rat testes. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2016; 46(1): 185 - 193.
IEEE ULUÇAM E,BAKAR E "The effect of proanthocyanidin on formaldehyde-induced toxicity in rat testes." Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 46, ss.185 - 193, 2016.
ISNAD ULUÇAM, Enis - BAKAR, Elvan. "The effect of proanthocyanidin on formaldehyde-induced toxicity in rat testes". Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences 46/1 (2016), 185-193.