Objective (Background): To investigate whether experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) could induce histopathologic changes and inflammatory response in thegastrointestinal system, and if this response may be attenuated by the potential effects ofhyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT).Methods: Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. Group I was not subjectedto SAH or sham operation. Group II were subjected to a sham operation. Group III weresubjected to SAH and did not receive HBOT after SAH. Group IV were subjected to SAH andreceived five sessions of HBOT. Animals were euthanized through perfusion and fixation 72h after the procedures. Four-millimeter tissue sections were obtained from the liver andterminal ileum and were examined microscopically. Arteriolar diameters were measuredunder light microscopy in five different examples taken randomly from each tissue. Statisticalcomparisons were performed using the Mann- Whitney U test.Results: Increased inflammation was seen in the liver and terminal ileum in the SAH groupcompared with the sham and control groups. Inflammation in the SAH group was highcompared with the HBOT group, but it did not reach significance. There were no differencesbetween groups regarding edema.Conclusions: We showed that HBOT performed after induced SAH was ineffective in theattenuation of inflammation in the liver and ileum tissues that occurred after SAH.