Yıl: 2017 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 53 - 57 Metin Dili: İngilizce İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

The carbon monoxide measurements’ effect on smokers to give cessation decision in primary care

Öz:
The aim of this study was to investigate the levels of ExpCO and its effect on giving decision to stop smoking in primary care. The study was held in Tekkeköy Family Health Center. A total of 853 current smokers (391 in study group and 462 in control group) included into the study. Both group of smokers got first two steps of “5 A” method (Ask, Advice, Assist, Assess and Arrange) for smoking cessation however the ExpCO levels were measured only in the study group. CO levels in expiratory air were measured by the single breath method using a calibrated carbon monoxide monitor and the time of the last smoked cigarette (TLC) of the participants were examined. The mean ExpCO level was 16.9±7.7 ppm in study group. The mean Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependency Test (FNDT) score was 5.0±2.7 in both groups. The mean package/year value in the both participants were 16.0±14.8 (min=1, max=100) and the mean Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Test (FNDT) score was 5.0±2.7. The mean ExpCO level was 15.7±8.7 ppm in study group. A significant positive correlation was determined between FTND score and ExpCO. TLC values in males were significantly lower than females (p<0.001) in both groups. In a linear regression model it was seen that age, package/year value, FNTD scores and TLC are independent risk factors for elevation of ExpCO values. 23 (5%) smokers in the control group and 47 (12%) in the study group decided to quit smoking (x2=15.412, p<0.001). This measurement might have an effect on motivating smokers to quit smoking
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Tıbbi Araştırmalar Deneysel
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Alwan, A., 2011. Global status report on non-communicable diseases 2010 Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Chatkin, J., Fritscher, L., de Abreu, C., Cavalet-Blanco, D., Chatkin, G., Wagner, M., Fritscher, C., 2007. Exhaled carbon monoxide as a marker for evaluating smoking abstinence in a Brazilian population sample. Prim. Care Respir. J. 16, 36-40.
  • Crowley, T.J., Andrews, A.E., Cheney, J., Zerbe, G., Petty, J.L., 1989. Carbon monoxide assessment of smoking in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Addict. Behav. 14, 493-502.
  • Deveci, S.E., Deveci, F., Acik, Y., Ozan, A.T., 2004. The measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide in healthy smokers and nonsmokers. Respir. Med. 98, 551-556.
  • Hatsukami, D.K., Stead, L.F., Gupta, P.C., 2008. Tobacco Addiction: Diagnosis and Treatment. Lancet. 14, 2027-2038.
  • Doruk, S., Demirtaş, İ., Akşit, H., Erkorkmaz, U., Seyfkli, Z., 2012. Assessment of exposure to tobacco smoke: Measurement of exhaled carbon monoxide and hair nicotine. Turk J. Med. Sci. 42, 739-745.
  • Fagerström, K.O., Kunze, M., Schoberberger, R., Breslau, N., Hughes, J.R., Hurt, R.D., Puska, P., Ramström, L., Zatoríski, W., 1996. Nicotine dependence versus smoking prevalence: Comparisons among countries and categories of smokers. Tobacco Control. 5, 52-56.
  • Hung, J., Lin C., Wang J., Chan, C., 2006. Exhaled carbon monoxide level as an indicator of cigarette consumption in a workplace cessation program in Taiwan. J. Formos. Med. Assoc. 105, 210-213.
  • Lindson-Hawley, N., Hartmann-Boyce, J., Fanshawe, T.R., Begh, R., Farley, A., Lancaster, T., 2016. Interventions to reduce harm from continued tobacco use. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 13;10.
  • Low, E.C., Ong, M.C., Tan, M., 2004. Breath carbon monoxide as an indication of smoking habit in the military setting. Singapore Med. J. 45, 578.
  • Mala, R., and Pilot, E., 2014. The missing link-the role of primary care in global health. Glob. Health Action. 7, 10.
  • Margolis, K.A., Bernat, J.K., Keely O’Brien, E., Delahanty, J.C., 2016. Online information about harmful tobacco constituents: A Content Analysis. Nicotine Tob. Res. 30. pii: ntw220.
  • Middleton, E.T., Morice, A.H., 2000. Breathe carbon monoxide as an indication of smoking habit. Chest. 117, 758-763. McClure, J.B., 2001. Are biomarkers a useful aid in smoking cessation? A review and analysis of the literature. Behav Med. 27, 37-41.
  • Okutan, O., Taş, D., Kaya, H., Kartaloğlu, Z., 2007. Sigara içen sağlık personelinde nikotin bağımlılık düzeyini etkileyen faktörler (Turkish). Tüberküloz ve Toraks Dergisi. 55, 356-363.
  • Peterson J.E., Stewart R.D., 1970. Absorption and elimination of carbon monoxide by inactive young men. Arch. Environ. Health. 21, 165-171.
  • Piñeros. M., Sierra, M.S., Forman, D., 2016. Descriptive epidemiology of lung cancer and current status of tobacco control measures in Central and South America. Cancer Epidemiol. 44 Suppl 1, S90-S99.
  • Ripoll, J., Girauta, H., Ramos, M., Medina-Bombardó, D., Pastor, A., Alvarez-Ossorio, C., Gorreto, L., Esteva, M., García, E., Uréndez, A., Buades, A., Torres, E., 2012. Clinical trial on the effcacy of exhaled carbon monoxide measurement in smoking cessation in primary health care. BMC Public Health. 12, 322.
  • Temel, O., Coşkun, A.Ş., Gök, Ş., Celik, P., Yorgancıoğlu, A., 2009. The effect of nicotine among active, passive smoker health personel (Turkish). Tüberküloz ve Toraks Dergisi. 10, 107-111.
  • Terao, A., Konishi, M., Baba, S., Mannami, T., 1998. Exposure to tobacco smoke in a Japanese urban population. An analysis using biochemical markers of smoking [Japanese]. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 45, 3-14.
  • Quinn, V.P., Hollis, J.F., Smith, S.K., Rigotti, N.A., Solberg, L.I., Hu, W., Stevens, V.J., 2009. Effectiveness of the 5-A’s Tobacco Cessation Treatments in Nine HMOsJ. Gen. Intern. Med. 2, 149-154.
  • Weinberger, M., Green, J.Y., Hamlin, J.J., Jerin, M.J., 1981. Health beliefs and smoking behavior. Am. J. Public Health. 7, 1251- 1255.
  • WHO. 2008. Report On the global tobacco epidemic (MPOWER), WHO, Geneva Zayasu, K., Sekizawa, K., Okinaga, S., Yamaya, M., Ohrui, T., Sasaki H., 1997. Increased carbon monoxide in exhaled air of asthmatic patients. Am J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 156, 1140-1143.
APA YALCİNA B, PİRDALB H (2017). The carbon monoxide measurements’ effect on smokers to give cessation decision in primary care. , 53 - 57.
Chicago YALCİNA Bektas Murat,PİRDALB Hasan The carbon monoxide measurements’ effect on smokers to give cessation decision in primary care. (2017): 53 - 57.
MLA YALCİNA Bektas Murat,PİRDALB Hasan The carbon monoxide measurements’ effect on smokers to give cessation decision in primary care. , 2017, ss.53 - 57.
AMA YALCİNA B,PİRDALB H The carbon monoxide measurements’ effect on smokers to give cessation decision in primary care. . 2017; 53 - 57.
Vancouver YALCİNA B,PİRDALB H The carbon monoxide measurements’ effect on smokers to give cessation decision in primary care. . 2017; 53 - 57.
IEEE YALCİNA B,PİRDALB H "The carbon monoxide measurements’ effect on smokers to give cessation decision in primary care." , ss.53 - 57, 2017.
ISNAD YALCİNA, Bektas Murat - PİRDALB, Hasan. "The carbon monoxide measurements’ effect on smokers to give cessation decision in primary care". (2017), 53-57.
APA YALCİNA B, PİRDALB H (2017). The carbon monoxide measurements’ effect on smokers to give cessation decision in primary care. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 34(1), 53 - 57.
Chicago YALCİNA Bektas Murat,PİRDALB Hasan The carbon monoxide measurements’ effect on smokers to give cessation decision in primary care. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 34, no.1 (2017): 53 - 57.
MLA YALCİNA Bektas Murat,PİRDALB Hasan The carbon monoxide measurements’ effect on smokers to give cessation decision in primary care. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, vol.34, no.1, 2017, ss.53 - 57.
AMA YALCİNA B,PİRDALB H The carbon monoxide measurements’ effect on smokers to give cessation decision in primary care. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine. 2017; 34(1): 53 - 57.
Vancouver YALCİNA B,PİRDALB H The carbon monoxide measurements’ effect on smokers to give cessation decision in primary care. Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine. 2017; 34(1): 53 - 57.
IEEE YALCİNA B,PİRDALB H "The carbon monoxide measurements’ effect on smokers to give cessation decision in primary care." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, 34, ss.53 - 57, 2017.
ISNAD YALCİNA, Bektas Murat - PİRDALB, Hasan. "The carbon monoxide measurements’ effect on smokers to give cessation decision in primary care". Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine 34/1 (2017), 53-57.