Sociology is a major social science examining the social structure. Max Weber is an important sociologist who draws a conceptual framework for sociology. He is known as the founder of modern sociology. Weber qualifies the issue of sociology as a social action. According to Weber, sociology aims to interpret the meaning of social actions. Sociology is a science of social action. Social actions include rational, traditional and emotional behaviours. Weber aims to grasp social actions through the method of understanding. He uses two methods to understand and explain the concepts of social issues: Ideal type analysis and historical type analysis. Ideal types are not real, but they have relationships with the reality. Ideal types are an imaginary product of rationalization. Historical analysis argues that the history and sociology have common study subjects. Weber also prohibits the description of sociological views on the political and moral values. According to him, the sociology should act in objectivity and valueneutrality. Weber argues that the human behaviours exhibit different characteristics from a sociological perspective. For this reason, he asserts that there are no general laws about human behaviours. In his sociological views, Weber establishes a link between religious events and economic events. According to him, the Protestant ethic encourages individualism, hard work and discipline, rational behaviours and selfreliance. This situation plays an important role in the development of capitalism. This study examines the theoretical aspects of the methodology of Weber’s sociology and social action theory. In this context, this study is based on the review of the literature.