Herder and Brothers Grimm has been recognized as the founderof the folkloristics. On the other hand, interest in the their folklore ofEuropeans was started after the conquest of the Americas. At the end ofthe 15th century some travellers, clerics, traders went to America andthey did compilation about social lives of American natives. Europeanswere very interested in lifestyle of primitive people living far fromcivilization. In the following years European humanist intellectualsfocused on their folk culture. Marc Lescarbot (1580-1630) wrote the“History of New France” (Histoire de la nouvelle-France) and Jesuitpriest Lafitau wrote the “Customs of the American Indians ComparedWith the Customs of Primitive Times” (Moeurs des SauvagesAmériquains, Comparées aux Moeurs des Premiers Temps). Thesestudies affected the philosophers of Age of Enlightenment and blazed atrail for new comparative researches of folklore and ethnography. JamesMacpherson published “Fragments of Ancient Poetry, Collected in theHighlands of Scotland and Translated from the Gaelic or Erse Languagein 1760, “Fingal” in 1762, and “Temora” in 1763. His poems hadwidespread influence of European literature and started literarymovement before the Romantic era. Thomas Percy published theReliques of Ancient English Poetry and his works gave impetus theOssianism.German poet, philosopher and thelogian Johann GottfriedHerder’s (1744-1803) works were extremely important for folkloristicstudies. His aim was purification to German language and culture. Atthe same time, in the Herder’s period, Germany was divided into a lot ofstates and he were desiring to merge Germany and his ideas andstudies was used to identity constuction.At the beginning of the 19th century, Carl Ludvig Jacop Grimmand Wilhemm Grimm (known as the Brothers Grimm) established amethodology for collecting and analysing German folk tales. Wilhemmand Jacop Grimm traveled a lot of German country and collected morethan 200 folk tales. They published this folk tales “Children’s andHousehold Tales” (Kinder und Hausmärche), in five volumes between1812-1822. Grimm’s studies were accepted pioneer of folkloristicsbecause of their methodology.After the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars, Europeansfocused on their national identity. Folkloristic and linguistic studieswere used to construction of national identity. Especially inSwitzerland, Finland, Bulgaria, Greece and Algeria, some academiciansstudied on their national epics. (For example in Finland, Elias Lönnrotstudied on the Kalevela; in Swedish, Johann Jakob Bodmer studiedNibelungenlied and Percival). In these countries, peoples united onthese epic heroes and fought to build their own nation states by the aidof national heroes. During the 19th century, dissolution of Ottoman Empire gainedspeed. Nationalism rose in the Balkan countries Greece, Bulgaria andSerbia and Ottoman Empire began to disintegrate because of nationalistmovements. During the Tanzimat period, some of Ottoman intellecuals,(known as Tanzimatçilar), believed that the reason of the problem was“cultural”. They tried to illuminate their people with literary as Age ofEnlightenment philosophers did. But there was a trouble reaching thepeople. Ottoman Turkish was a written language used only by theOttoman aristocracy. Ordinary people could not understand this ornatelanguage. Because of this problem, Ottoman writers strained at simplifytheir style and tried to use types of folk literature. But folkloristicstudies didn’t gain strenght until the World War I ended. After thecollapsed of Ottoman Empire, Turkey Republic was born from the ashesand Turkism became dominant ideology of republic. Ziya Gökalp wasfather of Turkish nationalism. He searched for Turkish identity innational history, literature and language. According to Gökalp, Turkishintellectuals should go toward ordinary people to learn real Turkishculture and teach them to Western Civilization. In line with Gökalpsideals, Turkish Studies Institute, Turkish Language Association,Turkish Historical Society were founded in the early years of theTurkish Republic.In August 1552, Russian army defeated the Tatar army and theKazan Khanate captured by Tsardom of Russia. In the following years,Russia seized all of Turkistan and Siberia and Russia became a globalpower and this counquests transformed Russia into a multi-confessioanand multi-ethnic country. After the conquest of Kazan, Tsardom ofRussia began to dominate Turkic peoples. There were a great number ofTurkic tribes in Turkistan and Siberia and many of them were muslim.Tsars imposed administrative measures on non-Russian communitiesbut these policies were insufficient. In the second half of the 19thcentury, Russian missionary Nikolai Ivanovic Il’minskiy developed aneducation method to Russification of the non-Russian commities. Hewas against to linguistic Russification. The key factor of the Il’minskiy’smethod was the “mother tongue”. Different Cyrillic alphabets andwritten languages were created for each minority and the religiouseducation was tried to be given in their mother tongues. During theSoviet Period, Bolsheviks used the Il’minskiy method with somearrangements in the nationalities policy. As a part of this policy,folklorists used the folk tales, folk songs and epics for communistpropaganda. Lenin and Stalin became cult. In folk songs, Lenin andStalin were hero, great leaders and all the people of Soviet Union werehappy thank to the Revolution leaders.Etnho-pedagogy was introduced by Chuvas scientist G. N. Volkov.This branch of science aims to transmit the national culture to newgenerations via teaching. Ethno-pedagogy researches mother tongue,ethnic culture, religion and customs. Every nation has rich and oldculture and all nations developed a cultural pedagogy in their historical