Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline

ORAL, MURAT; BOSTANCI, Seda H.

Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline

Seda H. BOSTANCI, (Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Department of Political Science and Public Administration, Tekirdağ, Turkey. E.mail: Orcid.ID:.http://orcid.org/0000-0002-35592224)

Murat ORAL (Assist. Prof. Dr. Selçuk University, Department of Architecture, Konya, Turkey. E.mail: Orcid.ID:.http://orcid.org/0000-0002-12463278)

ICONARP International Journal Of Architecture And Planning

6 0

Yıl: 2017 Cilt: 5 Sayı: Özel Sayı Sayfa Aralığı: 45 - 59 Metin Dili: İngilizce İndeks Tarihi: 29-07-2022

Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline

Öz:

In a lifetime, human brain constitutes cognitive models for various conditions and events in order to be able to adapt to the environment and lead a life based on experiences. Based on multidimensional sensory experiences, people create an internal model of a city and they use this model as a mental sketch in their new urban space experiences. Cognitive mapping methods create qualified data for way-finding and the process of classifying the stimuli of the living area and carrying out spatial designs that promote quality of life. Aesthetic perception of the urban pattern consists of keeping the skylines of a city in memory and being able to create an image in mind. Skylines are three dimensional urban landscapes which has a prime role in urban design studies. Urban skylines are the reference points for the historical perception of the environmental image. Urban skylines can be classified basically in three categories as the historical skyline, complex skyline in which new and higher structures are dominant and mixed skyline which is a combination of these two situations. The postcards and information guides for cities are important references in representing the identity for historical cities. The photographs seen in information guide books and postcards are attractive points for citizens and visitors of the cities. The fact that cities are changing constantly shows that cities like İstanbul, which are famous for their coastal skyline can protect the holisticaesthetic value of their very limited textures but cause a dramatic changeand a chaotic visual effects within their urban transformation process.One of the major fundamental research areas of this study is todetermine how these changes affect the memory.The aim of the study is to investigate how the image created by theskylines of historical cities can be expressed by drawing. The basicdifferences among the cognitive mapping techniques and the cognitiveperception and the schematic display of a skyline can be discussedthrough this experimental approach. This study aims to do experimentalresearch among a group of architecture students who are strong atdrawing and schematic expressions. The selected group of samples willbe asked to draw (1) the schematic skyline images of the city they live inand a city they have visited as far as they remember, (2) examined howthey draw a skyline and how much time it takes after they are shown askyline of a historical city chosen in a certain time, (3) watch a video onthe streets of two different cities they have seen or haven't seen before,and asked to draw a skyline of the city based on what they have watched.Finally, these different situations will be analyzed. In the experimentalstudy, After 3 days, drawing the best remembered skyline image will berequested from students. And what the sample group have thought inthis selection in terms of aesthetics will be measured with the semanticdifferential and the adjective pairs. Participants will be asked to draw thecatchy image of the skyline shown in order to compare the experimentalmethods and the subjective aesthetic evaluation methods. Observationbaseddeterminations will be realized by the analysis of these drawingsand the adjective pairs. In this way, the relation between the skylineperception and the aesthetic experience in urban life will be discussed.

Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Mimarlık Kentsel Çalışmalar

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

Alexander, C. (2002). The Nature of Order: The Process of Creating Life, Taylor and Francis.
Altman, I & Chemers, M.M. (1984). Culture and Environment, Cambridge University Press.
Arnheim, R. (1969). Visual Thinking, University of California Press. Appleyard, D. (1969). “Why buildings are known a predictive tool for architects and planners”, Environment and Behavior, 1(2): 131-156.
Assmann, J. (2008). Communicative and Cultural Memory, chapter in Erll A. and Nünning A. (Eds.), Cultural Memory Studies: An Interdisciplinary Handbook, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, pp.109-118.
Berlyne D.E. (1973). The Vicissitudes of Aplomathematic and Thelematoscopic Pneumatology, chapter in Berlyne, D.E., and Madsen, K.B. (Eds.). Pleasure, Reward, Preference: Their Nature, Determinants, and Role in Behavior: Academic Press.
Cullen, G. (1971). The concise townscape. Routledge. Çubukçu, E. and Nasar, J.L. (2005). “Relation of physical form to spatial knowledge in largescale virtual environments”, Environment and Behavior, 37(3):397-417.
Çubukçu, E. and Ekşioğlu Çetintahra, G. (2016). “The influence of planning education on cognitive map development: an empirical study via virtual environments”, TMD International Refered Journal of Design and Architecture, 9: 73-87.
Downs, R.M. and Stea, D. (1973). Image and Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Spatial Behavior, Transaction Publishers.
Dewey, J. (1958). Experience and Nature, 1: Courier Corporation. Eagleman, D. (2015). The Brain: The Story of You, Pantheon. Halbwachs, M. and Coser, L. A. (1992). On Collective Memory, University of Chicago Press.
Hillier, B. and Hanson, J. (1989). The Social Logic of Space, Cambridge University Press.
Lang, J.T. (1987). Creating Architectural Theory: The Role of the Behavioural Sciences in Environmental Design, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Lynch, K. (1960). The Image of the City, 11: MIT Press. Jacobsen, T. (2010). “Beauty and the brain: culture, history and individual differences in aesthetic appreciation”, Journal of Anatomy, 216(2): 184-191.
Krampen, M. (2013). Meaning in the Urban Environment, Routledge.
Madanipour, A. (1996). Design of Urban Space: An Inquiry into a Socio-spatial Process, John Wiley & Son Ltd.
Minai, A.T. (1993). Aesthetics, Mind, and Nature: A Communication Approach to the Unity of Matter and Consciousness, London: Preager.
Nasar, J.L. (1989). Perception, Cognition and Evaluation of Urban Places, In I. Altman and E.H. Zube (Eds.) Public Places and Spaces. Human Behaviour and Environment. (Vol.10). Plenum Press, New York and London.
Nasar, J.L. (1994). “Urban design aesthetics the evaluative qualities of building exteriors”, Environment and Behavior, 26(3): 377-401.
Nasar, J.L. (1998). The Evaluative Image of the City, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Neto, P.L. (2001). “Evaluation of an urban design project: imagery and realistic computer models”, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 28(5): 671-686.
Oc, T. and Tiesdell, S. (1999). “The fortress, the panoptic, the regulatory and the animated: planning and urban design approaches to safer city centres”, Landscape Research, 24(3): 265-286.
Parsons, R. and Daniel, T.C. (2002). “Good looking: in defense of scenic landscape aesthetics”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 60(1): 43-56.
Portugali, J. (2004). “Toward a cognitive approach to urban dynamics”, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 31(4): 589-613.
Rapoport, A. (1983). “Environmental quality, metropolitan areas and traditional settlements”, Habitat International, 7(3-4): 37-63.
Stamps, A.E. (2002). “Fractals, skylines, nature and beauty”, Landscape and Urban Planning, 60(3): 163-184.
Stamps, A.E., Nasar, J.L. and Hanyu, K. (2005). “Using preconstruction validation to regulate urban skylines”, Journal of the American Planning Association, 71(1): 73-91.
Taşkıran, H.İ. (1997). Yazı ve Mimari, Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık.
Tolman, E.C. (1948). “Cognitive maps in rats and men”, Psychological Review, 55(4): 189-208.

APA	BOSTANCI S, ORAL M (2017). Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline. , 45 - 59.
Chicago	BOSTANCI Seda H.,ORAL MURAT Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline. (2017): 45 - 59.
MLA	BOSTANCI Seda H.,ORAL MURAT Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline. , 2017, ss.45 - 59.
AMA	BOSTANCI S,ORAL M Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline. . 2017; 45 - 59.
Vancouver	BOSTANCI S,ORAL M Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline. . 2017; 45 - 59.
IEEE	BOSTANCI S,ORAL M "Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline." , ss.45 - 59, 2017.
ISNAD	BOSTANCI, Seda H. - ORAL, MURAT. "Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline". (2017), 45-59.

APA	BOSTANCI S, ORAL M (2017). Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline. ICONARP International Journal Of Architecture And Planning, 5(Özel Sayı), 45 - 59.
Chicago	BOSTANCI Seda H.,ORAL MURAT Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline. ICONARP International Journal Of Architecture And Planning 5, no.Özel Sayı (2017): 45 - 59.
MLA	BOSTANCI Seda H.,ORAL MURAT Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline. ICONARP International Journal Of Architecture And Planning, vol.5, no.Özel Sayı, 2017, ss.45 - 59.
AMA	BOSTANCI S,ORAL M Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline. ICONARP International Journal Of Architecture And Planning. 2017; 5(Özel Sayı): 45 - 59.
Vancouver	BOSTANCI S,ORAL M Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline. ICONARP International Journal Of Architecture And Planning. 2017; 5(Özel Sayı): 45 - 59.
IEEE	BOSTANCI S,ORAL M "Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline." ICONARP International Journal Of Architecture And Planning, 5, ss.45 - 59, 2017.
ISNAD	BOSTANCI, Seda H. - ORAL, MURAT. "Experimental Approach on the Cognitive Perception of Historical Urban Skyline". ICONARP International Journal Of Architecture And Planning 5/Özel Sayı (2017), 45-59.