Endolaryngeal surgery, which is performed for the diagnosis and treatment of the benign and malignant lesions of the larynx, requires that the anesthetist and surgeon work in the same area during the procedure. During the endoscopic microsurgical procedures of the larynx (direct examination-biopsy, microlaryngeal resection, laser cordectomy), small-diameter endotracheal tubes are preferred for the better visualization of the surgical field while providing ventilation. Nevertheless, sometimes conventional endotracheal tubes with such diameter may also block vision and complicate the surgery. In this situation, jet ventilation option with a thin cannula should be considered. Today, jet ventilation is used in trachea and larynx surgery, bronchoscopy, pneumonectomy and bronchopleural fistulas. In this review, we evaluated the jet ventilation technique, the advantages and disadvantages of this technique compared to conventional methods, principles of application and the anesthesia management during jet ventilation.