ABS TRACT Objective: It is not easy to establish ideal neural regeneration after peripheral nerve repair.Various types of microsurgical techniques, tools, pharmacological and chemical agents wereused to increase the quality of the neural regeneration process. However, we are still far from theperfect neural repair. In this study; it was aimed to investigate the effect of fat graft, wrapped aroundsciatic nerve repair coaptation zone, in neural regeneration. Material and Methods: Twenty fourSprague-Dawley rats were chosen and separated into two groups equally. In the first twelve rats,skin incision was made in the right gluteal area, after blunt muscle dissection sciatic nerve was exposed.Full thickness nerve cut was performed and primary nerve repair was also performed in thesame session. The first group was addressed as normal neural regeneration model. In the othertwelve rats, same processes were performed in order to expose sciatic nerve. After nerve repair, fatgraft harvested from the right posterior popliteal area was wrapped around the nerve coaptationzone. All the rats were sacrificed 3 weeks post-operatively, nerve segments were removed and sentfor histopathological evaluation. Results: Our study demonstrated that macrophage migration andlymphocyte infiltration rates were significantly higher in experimental group. Conclusion: It wasobserved that wrapping fat graft around the nerve coaptation zone had a positive effect on neuralregeneration by increasing macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration to the repair zone.