Background and Aims: Methods such as guaiac fecal occult blood-screening test, fecal immunological test, colonoscopy, and sigmoidoscopy are generally used in colorectal screening programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the colonoscopic and pathological findings of patients with a g-fecal occult blood-screening test-positive result. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between June 2014 and October 2016 on patients who were referred to Ahi Evran University Training and Research Hospital endoscopy unit after a positive stool blood test and then underwent colonoscopy. The exclusion criteria were inadequate colon cleansing, active hematochezia, a history of colonic surgery, inflammatory bowel disease, or any lesion that may lead to hemorrhage in the upper gastrointestinal system. Age, sex, and colonoscopic and pathological findings of the study participants were recorded. Patients with three or more polyps, an adenomatous polyp measuring >1 cm in diameter, pathological examination involving the villous component, or high-grade dysplasia were evaluated as the high-risk group. These patients attended the colon cancer screening program. Results: A total of 225 patients, including 111 (49.3%) males, were recruited in the study. The mean age was 58.52 (range: 24-90) years. Mean hemoglobin levels were 13.63 (range: 7.2-18) g/dl. Endoscopic findings of these patients included normal colonoscopy [86 patients (38.2%)], polyps [59 patients (26.2%)], perianal disease [27 patients (12%)], diverticulum [16 patients (7.1%)], colon cancer [14 patients (6.2%)], inflammatory bowel disease [14 patients (6.2%)], infectious colitis [6 patients (2.7%)], and angiodysplasia [3 patients (1.3%)]. Pathological findings of 73 (32.4%) patients who were diagnosed with colon cancer and polyps through endoscopy were as follows: tubular adenoma [31 patients (42.5%)], adenocarcinoma [17 patients (23.3%)], hyperplastic polyps [16 patients (21.9%)], tubulovillous adenoma [7 patients (9.6%)], and serrated adenoma [2 patients (2.7%)]. Early-stage carcinoma was diagnosed in the pathology of 3 (5.08%) patients who had colonoscopically detected polyps. Of the 59 patients who were diagnosed with polyps, 30 (50.8%) patients were at high risk and 29 (49.2%) were at low risk. Conclusion: Colonic pathology was detected in about half of the patients positive for g-fecal occult blood-screening test. This test is not only an inexpensive and easily applicable method for colon cancer screening, but it is also helpful for the detection of pathologies that could lead to chronic blood loss, such as subclinical inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, and angiodysplasia.