Early childhood is the period in which learning is most intense, cultural norms are developed and basic habits are formed in children. As a result of the fast development in the brain in early ages, foundations that will affect the lifelong health, learning skills and behaviours of the individual are laid. Children are open to all positive and negative effects of the environment as they are recipients in this period in which learning is most intense. Thus, the physical environment plays an important role in the child’s development. For this reason, this period must be lived with appropriate experiences and under good conditions. Researches on this subject have clearly revealed the effect of the physical and social environment on the success of children. In early childhood, the learning environments must be designed for children so as to maximise the development and learning capacity of children (social, emotional, intellectual and physical). Based on the importance of the subject, the effects of learning environments in early childhood on the development and learning of children have been discussed in this study. Present studies on the subject have been examined and attention has been drawn to the subject by focusing on the characteristics of the buildings and structures and particulars of the interior and exterior locations.