Yıl: 2018 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 276 - 295 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.14686/buefad.365218 İndeks Tarihi: 15-01-2019

Learning Strategies Predicting the Perception of Social Presence of Distance Education Students

Öz:
This research was planned to reveal the relationship between social presence and self-regulation in e-learning process, which is very important for distance education students. In this context, it was tried to determine the learning strategies that predict students' social presence perceptions. The research carried out according to the survey model, was carried out with the data obtained from 61 students giving appropriate answers to the questions in data collection tools. In the process of collecting the data; motivation and learning strategies scale, social presence scale and personal information form developed by the authors were used. For analyzing the data; descriptive statistics, stepwise regression analysis and one way ANOVA were used. Results of the study showed that students’ common presence perceptions could be predicted with organization and help seeking, e-learners perceived influence could be predicted with three variables; organization, help seeking and effort regulation, e-learners perceived cohesiveness could be predicted with three variables; help seeking, organization and effort regulation, and e-learners perceived social presence could be predicted with three variables; organization, help seeking and effort regulation. In addition, the social presence perceptions of the students do not show a significant difference in terms of variables including gender, class level and department.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Eğitim, Eğitim Araştırmaları Eğitim, Özel

Uzaktan Eğitim Öğrencilerinin Sosyal Bulunuşluk Algılarını Yordayan Öğrenme Stratejileri

Öz:
Bu araştırma uzaktan eğitim öğrencileri için oldukça önemli olan sosyal bulunuşluk ve öz-düzenlemenin e-öğrenme sürecinde bir biri ile ilişkisini ortaya koymak amacıyla planlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda öğrencilerin sosyal bulunuşluk algılarını yordayan öğrenme stratejileri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Tarama modeline göre yürütülen araştırma, kullanılan veri toplama araçlarındaki sorulara uygun şekilde yanıtlar veren 61 öğrenciden elde edilen veriler ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında; güdülenme ve öğrenme stratejileri ölçeği, sosyal bulunuşluk ölçeği ve yazarlar tarafından geliştirilen kişisel bilgi formu kullanılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde ise; betimsel istatistikler, adımsal regresyon analizi ve ilişkisiz örneklemler için tek faktörlü varyans analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçları öğrencilerin ortak bulunuşluk algılarının; düzenleme ve yardım isteme ile, etkileme algılarının; düzenleme, yardım isteme ve emek yönetimi ile, kaynaştırma algılarının; yardım isteme, düzenleme ve emek yönetimi ile ve son olarak sosyal bulunuşluk algılarının ise; düzenleme, yardım isteme ve emek yönetimi ile yordanabileceğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin sosyal bulunuşluk algıları; cinsiyet, sınıf ve bölüm değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemiştir.
Anahtar Kelime:

Konular: Eğitim, Eğitim Araştırmaları Eğitim, Özel
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
  • Zimmerman, B. J. (2002). Becoming a self-regulated learner: An overview. Theory into Practice, 41, 64-72.
  • Zimmerman, B. J. (2001). Achieving academic excellence: A Self-regulatory perspective. In M. Ferrari (Ed.), The pursuit of excellence through education (pp. 85-110). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 451-502). San Diego, CA: Academic Press
  • Zimmerman, B. J. (1998). Developing self-fulfilling cycles of academic regulation: An analysis of exemplary instructional model. In D. H. Schunk, & B. J. Zimmerman (Eds.), Self-regulated learning: From teaching to self-reflective practice (pp. 1-19). New York: Guilford.
  • Zimmerman, B. J. (1990). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview. Educational Psychologist, 25(1), 3–17.
  • Winne, P. H. (1995). Inherent details in self-regulated learning. Educational Psychologist, 30, 173-187.
  • Winn, W. (1999). Learning in virtual environments: A theoretical framework and considerations for design. Education Media International, 36(4), 271–279.
  • Whiteman, J. A. M. (2002). Interpersonal communication in computer mediated learning. Retrieved from http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue _0=ED465997&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED465997
  • Weinstein, C. E., & Mayer, R. E. (1986). The teaching of learning strategies. In M. C. Wittrock (Ed.), Handbook of research on teaching (3rd ed.), (pp. 315-327). New York: MacMillan Company.
  • Weinstein, C. E., Husman, J., & Dierking, D. R. (2000). Self-regulation interventions with a focus on learning strategies. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 728-748), San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Vrasidas, C., & McIsaac, M. S. (2000). Principles of pedagogy and evaluation for web-based learning. Educational Media International, 37(2), 105–111.
  • Tu, C.-H., & McIsaac, M. (2002). The relationship of social presence and interaction in online classes. American Journal of Distance Education, 16(3), 131–150.
  • Swan, K., & Shih, L. F. (2005). On the nature and development of social presence in online course discussions. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 9(3), 115–136.
  • Soo, K. S., & Bonk, C. J. (1998). Interaction: What does it mean in online distance education?. Retrieved from http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/recordDetail?accno=ED428724
  • Short, J., Williams, E., & Christie, B. (1976). The social psychology of telecommunications. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Shen, D., Nuankhieo, P., Huang, X., Amelung, C., & Laffey, J. (2008). Using social network analysis to understand sense of community in an online learning environment. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 39, 17–36.
  • Schunk, D. H., & Zimmerman, B. J. (2008). Motivation and self-regulated learning: Theory, research and applications. New York: Routledge.
  • Saba, F., & Shearer, R. L. (1994). Verifying key theoretical concepts in a dynamic model of distance education. American Journal of Distance Education, 8(1), 36–59.
  • Rovai, A. P. (2002). Building sense of community at a distance. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 3(1).
  • Rovai, A. P. (2000). Building and sustaining community in asynchronous learning networks. Internet and Higher Education, 3(4), 285–297.
  • Rourke, L., Anderson, T., Garrison, D. R., & Archer, W. (2001). Assessing social presence in asynchronous textbased computer conferencing. The Journal of Distance Education / Revue de l’Éducation À Distance, 14(2), 50–71.
  • Richardson, J. C., & Swan, K. (2003). Examining social presence in online courses in relation to students’ perceived learning and satisfaction. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 7(1), 68–88.
  • Pintrich, P. R., Smith, D. A. F., Garcia, T., & McKeachie, W. J. (1991). A manual for the use of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ). Retrieved from http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED338122
  • Pintrich, P. R., & De Groot, E. V. (1990). Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(1), 33–40.
  • Pintrich, P. R. (2000). The role of goal orientation in self-regulated learning. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 451-502). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  • Pintrich, P. R. (1995). Understanding self-regulated learning. In P. R. Pintrich (Ed.), Understanding selfregulated learning (pp. 3-12). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  • Oxford, R. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. Boston. Heinle & Heinle Publishing.
  • Olpak, Y. Z., & Kılıç Çakmak, E. (2009). E-öğrenme ortamları için sosyal bulunuşluk ölçeğinin uyarlama çalışması [Assessing social presence in e-learning environments: Validity and reliability analysis]. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi [Yüzüncü Yıl University Journal of Education Faculty], 6(1), 142– 160.
  • Moore, M. G., & Kearsley, G. (1996). Distance Education: A Systems View of Online Learning, 3rd ed.: A Systems View of Online Learning. Toronto:Wadsworth.
  • Moore, M. G., & Anderson, W. G. (2003). Handbook of distance education. Routledge.
  • Moore, M. G. (1993). Theory of transactional distance. In D. Keegan (Ed.), Theoretical Principles of Distance Education (pp. 20–35). Routledge.
  • Montalvo, F. T., & Torres, M. C. G. (2004). Self-regulated learning: Current and future directions. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 2(1), 1–34.
  • Lu, Y., Huang, W., Ma, H., & Luce, T. (2007). Interaction and social presence in technology-mediated learning: A partial least squares model. In In Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, 2007. WiCom 2007. International Conference on (pp. 4411-4414). IEEE.
  • Lowenthal, P. R., & Dunlap, J. C. (2010). From pixel on a screen to real person in your students’ lives: Establishing social presence using digital storytelling. Internet and Higher Education, 13(1), 70–72.
  • Lehman, R. M., & Conceição, S. C. O. (2010). Creating a sense of presence in online teaching: How to“ be there” for distance learners. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.
  • Kim, J., Kwon, Y., & Cho, D. (2011). Investigating factors that influence social presence and learning outcomes in distance higher education. Computers & Education, 57(2), 1512–1520.
  • Katz, Y. J. (2000). The comparative suitability of three ICT distance learning methodologies for college level instruction. Educational Media International, 57(1), 25–30.
  • Kang, M., Choi, H., & Park, S. (2007). Construction and validation of a social presence scale for measuring online learners’ involvement. In World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications, 2007(1), 1829–1833.
  • Holmberg, B. (1991). The feasibility of a predictive theory of distance education: What are we allowed to expect. In B. Holmberg & G.Ortner (Eds.), Research Into Distance Education.
  • Henri, F., & Rigault, C. R. (1996). Collaborative distance learning and computer conferencing. In In Advanced Educational Technology: Research Issues and Future Potential (pp. 45–76). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
  • Harasim, L. M. (1990). Online education: Perspectives on a new environment. Greenwood Publishing Group Inc..
  • Gunawardena, C. N., & Zittle, F. J. (1997). Social presence as a predictor of satisfaction within a computermediated conferencing environment. American Journal of Distance Education, 11(3), 8–26.
  • Garrison, D. R. (2009). Communities of inquiry in online learning. In P. Rogers (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Distance Learning (2nd ed., pp. 352–360). IGI Global.
  • Garrison, D. R. (2000). Theoretical challenges for distance education in the 21st century: A shift from structural to transactional issues. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 1(1).
  • Garrison, D. R. (1991). Critical thinking and adult education: A conceptual model for developing critical thinking in adult learners. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 10(4), 287–303.
  • Corno, L. (2001). Volitional aspects of self-regulated learning. In B. J. Zimmerman, & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Self-regulated learning academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives (pp. 191-225). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş., Akgün, Ö. E., Özkahveci, Ö., & Demirel, F. (2004). Güdülenme ve öğrenme stratejileri ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [The validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire]. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri[Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice], 4(2), 207–239.
  • Anderson, T., & Garrison, D. R. (1995). Critical thinking in distance education: Developing critical communities in an audio teleconference context. Higher Education, 29(2), 183–199.
APA Kılıç Çakmak E, Olpak Y (2018). Learning Strategies Predicting the Perception of Social Presence of Distance Education Students. , 276 - 295. 10.14686/buefad.365218
Chicago Kılıç Çakmak Ebru,Olpak Yusuf Ziya Learning Strategies Predicting the Perception of Social Presence of Distance Education Students. (2018): 276 - 295. 10.14686/buefad.365218
MLA Kılıç Çakmak Ebru,Olpak Yusuf Ziya Learning Strategies Predicting the Perception of Social Presence of Distance Education Students. , 2018, ss.276 - 295. 10.14686/buefad.365218
AMA Kılıç Çakmak E,Olpak Y Learning Strategies Predicting the Perception of Social Presence of Distance Education Students. . 2018; 276 - 295. 10.14686/buefad.365218
Vancouver Kılıç Çakmak E,Olpak Y Learning Strategies Predicting the Perception of Social Presence of Distance Education Students. . 2018; 276 - 295. 10.14686/buefad.365218
IEEE Kılıç Çakmak E,Olpak Y "Learning Strategies Predicting the Perception of Social Presence of Distance Education Students." , ss.276 - 295, 2018. 10.14686/buefad.365218
ISNAD Kılıç Çakmak, Ebru - Olpak, Yusuf Ziya. "Learning Strategies Predicting the Perception of Social Presence of Distance Education Students". (2018), 276-295. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.365218
APA Kılıç Çakmak E, Olpak Y (2018). Learning Strategies Predicting the Perception of Social Presence of Distance Education Students. Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 276 - 295. 10.14686/buefad.365218
Chicago Kılıç Çakmak Ebru,Olpak Yusuf Ziya Learning Strategies Predicting the Perception of Social Presence of Distance Education Students. Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 7, no.1 (2018): 276 - 295. 10.14686/buefad.365218
MLA Kılıç Çakmak Ebru,Olpak Yusuf Ziya Learning Strategies Predicting the Perception of Social Presence of Distance Education Students. Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, vol.7, no.1, 2018, ss.276 - 295. 10.14686/buefad.365218
AMA Kılıç Çakmak E,Olpak Y Learning Strategies Predicting the Perception of Social Presence of Distance Education Students. Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018; 7(1): 276 - 295. 10.14686/buefad.365218
Vancouver Kılıç Çakmak E,Olpak Y Learning Strategies Predicting the Perception of Social Presence of Distance Education Students. Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018; 7(1): 276 - 295. 10.14686/buefad.365218
IEEE Kılıç Çakmak E,Olpak Y "Learning Strategies Predicting the Perception of Social Presence of Distance Education Students." Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 7, ss.276 - 295, 2018. 10.14686/buefad.365218
ISNAD Kılıç Çakmak, Ebru - Olpak, Yusuf Ziya. "Learning Strategies Predicting the Perception of Social Presence of Distance Education Students". Bartın Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 7/1 (2018), 276-295. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.365218