Objective: Hemodialysis (HD) requires a well-functioning temporary or permanent vascular access. Arteriovenous fistula(AVF) is frequently used in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients for vascular access. Cytokines direct inflammation andimmune response. Inflammation is one of the prevalent risk factors in renal patients. Inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphismshave an effect on vascular access. Therefore, we aimed to investigate a cytokine gene, IL-1α -889 C>T, promoterpolymorphism in HD patients with and without AVF thrombosis.Materials and Methods: Eighty-one HD patients and 62 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Polymorphism wasstudied using a polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The Mann–Whitney U test andPearson chi-square analysis were used for statistical analysis.Results: There was no significant difference between the groups. However, the wild genotype was found to be much higherin the group without thrombosis compared to the thrombosis group (59.1% versus 48.6%). This difference was not statisticallysignificant. In the patients’ group, the heterozygous genotype was found to be more prevalent (37.8% versus 27.3%).Conclusions: Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the genes affect the transcriptional activity and also the gene products.According to our results, the IL-1α -889 C>T gene promoter polymorphism is not associated with a risk of thrombosisin HD patients