Introduction: The person who is giving the first-hand care to hospitalised children and mostly is being affected by the child’s disease is generally the mother. It is inevitable for the children not to be affected by the fear and anxiety of their mothers. Materials and Methods: This study has been carried out with the purpose of identifying the level of depression and anxiety of the mothers whose 7-12 years of age children hospitalised due to an acute or a chronic disease between 28 October 2014 and 16 January 2015 in the State Hospital of Eskisehir. The first 100 voluntary mothers whose children were diagnosed with an acute disease and the first 100 voluntary mothers whose children were diagnosed with a chronic disease and who were on the third day of hospitalization were all included in the study. The necessary approval from the Ethics Committee of the Hospital has been received before beginning the study. Descriptive features have been collected through the “Descriptive Information Form” which was developed by the researchers. All the mothers have been applied to “Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI)” and “StateTrait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)”. The data have been analysed through IBM SPSS Version 21. Results and Conclusions: At the end of the study, the mean depression score of mothers has been identified as 21.58, mean score of state anxiety has been 49.66, and mean score of trait anxiety has been identified as 47.30. When the scores of Beck’s Depression Inventory have been grouped into 3 categories as mild, moderate, and severe, a considerable statistical significance has been found between the score distributions of mothers who have an acute and chronic disease (p=0.03*). Similarly, when the scores of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory have been grouped into 3 categories as lower, intermediate, and higher, a considerable statistical significance has been found between the score distributions of mothers who have an acute and chronic disease (p=0.038*, p=0.004**). It is recommended that nurses and other healthcare personnel should accept the mothers whose children have been hospitalised as risky groups and should carry out appropriate practices in order to alleviate the anxiety of mothers.