Objective: Residual kidney function (RKF) is a strong marker of the remaining capacity of the kidneys in patients withend-stage renal disease (ESRD). The fact that RKF declines in the first year of hemodialysis (HD) has drawn more attentionrecently. The aim of this study was to determine and analyze the current RKF level and related factors in patients undergoingHD treatment.Materials and Methods: The study was performed at Kars State Hospital with 73 HD patients. Residual renal urea clearance (KRU) was measured to determine RKF. Patient urine volume was determined during the period between the end of thefirst HD session of the week and the beginning of the next HD session. The patients were classified into 3 groups accordingto KRU level: <1, 1-2, and >2 mL/minute. The duration of HD treatment, biodemographic characteristics, biochemical andhormonal analyses, HD adequacy, ESRD etiology, and co-morbidities were compared between groups. A p value of less than0.05 was considered statistically significant (confidence interval: 95%).Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the KRU value and the duration of HD treatment(p<0.001), ESRD etiology (p=0.037), serum potassium level (p=0.028), phosphorus level (p=0.036), urine volume(p<0.001), ultrafiltration (UF) volume (p=0.002), and body mass index (p=0.002). Patients with a urine volume of <100mL/day had a longer duration of HD treatment of 6.9±4.2 years (p=0.021), as well as a greater quantity of UF administered 723±230 mL/hour (p<0.001).Conclusion: Rather than provide an explanation of a cause-effect relationship for RKF loss, the findings of this study maycontribute to the monthly interpretation and regulation of HD therapy. Additional studies that include RKF measurement atcertain time intervals and long-term observation are needed.