Amyotrophic neuralgia is an idiopathic and inflammmatory neuropathy characterizedby acute-subacute onset of pain and weakness. It can rarely occur in diabetic patients as a form ofdiabetic neuropathy. In this study, we aimed to present clinical, electromyographic and radiologicalfeatures of a case with diabetic amyotrophic neuralgia. A 58-years-old female patient was admittedto our department with low back pain. Her medical history revealed that the pain had startedone month ago and radiated from the low back to the bilateral hips and left lower extremity significantly.Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score of low back pain was 100 mm. She also reported thatshe had the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus for score ten years. On physical examination; the movementsof the lower back were decreased and painful. The muscle strength of lower extremities were1+/5 proximally and 2+/5 distally. Electromyographic assesment was compatible with sensory-motoraxonal polineuropathy on lower extremity and diabetic amyotrophic neuralgia. A medical treatmentconsisting of pregabalin as 150 mg daily was administered. Severity of low back pain decreased to 10mm after the treatment. Clinicians should take into consideration this pathology in patients with diabetesmellitus, pain and weakness. Electromyography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findingscan be useful in differential diagnosis.