The concept of security was redefined in a more comprehensive way after the end of the Cold War. In this context, climate change has turned into an issue covered under the international security. If the relevant measures to combat with the climate change aren’t taken, the future of the earth is under a great threat. There is a global effort taken under the United Nations framework to fight against the climate change since 1990. European Union has been one of the leading actors of the global efforts. This leadership of the Union was firstly observed during the talks paving way to the Kyoto Protocol in 1997. European Union also contributed actively to the formation of the current international climate change regime formalized in 2015 with the Paris Agreement. The study aims to provide an account of the role and effectiveness of the European Union in the universal efforts paid for combatting climate change. Initially, the development path of the universal climate change regime in the historical context is provided. Afterwards, the European Union’s involvement to the formation of the universal climate regime is evaluated. The last part of the study provides an analysis of the role and effectiveness of the European Union by considering its weaknesses and strengths. The study concludes that the European Union has played an undeniable leadership role in the universal efforts targeting the climate change in the last two decades and this leadership has gained a widespread international recognition.