Poverty, Hunger and Inequality in the Context of Zakat and Waqf
Yıl: 2019 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 49 - 64 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.26650/di.2019.30.1.0005 İndeks Tarihi: 17-02-2020
Poverty, Hunger and Inequality in the Context of Zakat and Waqf
Öz: The purpose of this paper is to clarify the differing roles of zakat and waqf in poverty alleviation, hunger, and inequality.It aims to provide a blueprint for harnessing zakat and waqf as alternatives to remedy these social ills. The paper isa qualitative research project, performed through analysis of literature regarding current confusion points pertainingto the areas of infaq, sadaqah, zakat, cash waqf, corporate waqf, and traditional waqf. An ideal social safety net isattainable by focusing on poverty, giving special attention to economic empowerment programs. Zakat should play asupporting role in abating hunger for people in the transition while counterbalancing inequalities created by marketimperfections. Since zakat funds cannot be used for social infrastructure development, traditional waqf should fulfilthese needs among vulnerable people. Additionally, contemporary forms of cash waqf and corporate waqf are essentialin mobilizing resources for social infrastructure development. In contrast to existing literature, this paper provides analternative blueprint for Islamic social investment and transfer, clearly delineating the roles of infaq, sadaqah, zakat, andwaqf. Different Islamic social investment and transfer tools should function like prongs, each acting in a separate sphere,working to serve the same ultimate purpose.
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Zekât ve Vakıf Bağlamında Yoksulluk, Açlık ve Eşitsizlik
Öz: Bu çalışmanın amacı, yoksullukla mücadele, açlık ve eşitsizlik konularında Zekat ve Vakıf kurumlarının üstlendiği farklı rolleri değerlendirmektir. Bu çalışma ile Zekat ve Vakfın söz konusu sosyal yaraları sarmak maksadı ile alternatif olarak kullanıldığı bir plan sunulması amaçlanmıştır. Makale; İnfak, Sadaka, Zekat, Para Vakfı, Kurumsal Vakıf ve Geleneksel Vakıf alanlarına ilişkin mevcut literatürde bulunan çelişkili noktaları da açıklığa kavuşturan nitel bir araştırma projesidir. İdeal bir sosyal güvenlik ağına; yoksulluğa odaklanılarak ve ekonomik olanak sağlama programlarına özel önem gösterilerek ulaşılabilir. Zekat, piyasa mükemmeliyetsizliklerinin yarattığı eşitsizlikleri dengelerken geçiş sürecindeki insanların açlık sorununu hafifletmede destekleyici bir rol oynamalıdır. Zekat fonları İslami açıdan sosyal altyapı projeleri için kullanılamadığından, geleneksel vakıf, ekonomik olarak savunmasız insanlar için sosyal altyapı ihtiyaçlarının karşılanmasında kullanılmalıdır. Buna ek olarak, çağdaş Para Vakfı ve Kurumsal Vakıf formları sosyal altyapı projeleri için kaynak mobilizasyonu için ehemmiyet arz etmektedir. Mevcut literatürden farklı olarak, bu makale İslami sosyal yatırım ve sosyal transfer için alternatif bir taslak sunmakta olup infak, sadaka, zekat ve vakf’ın bu bağlamdaki farklı rollerini açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Farklı İslami sosyal yatırım ve sosyal transfer araçları, her biri ayrı bir alanda hareket eden ve aynı nihai amaca hizmet eden çatal dişleri gibi işlev görmelidir.
Anahtar Kelime: Konular:
Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- Ahmed, Habib. Role of Zakat and Awqaf in Poverty Alleviation. Jeddah: Islamic Research and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank Group, 2004.
- Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf. Fiqh al-Zakat. Cairo: Maktabah Wahbah, 1994.
- Anwar, Muhammad. “Financing Socio-Economic Development with Zakat Funds.” Journal of Islamic Economics 4, no.1&2 (1995): 15-32.
- Cizakca, Murat. History of Philanthropic Foundations. Istanbul: Bogazici University Press, 2000.
- Gundogdu, Ahmet Suayb. “An Inquiry into Islamic Finance from the Perspective of Sustainable Development Goals.” European Journal of Sustainable Development 7, no.4 (2018): 381-390. https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2018.v7n4p381.
- Gundogdu, Ahmet Suayb. A Modern Perspective of Islamic Economics and Finance. Bigley: Emerald Publishing, 2019.
- Hafidhuddin, Didin, and Syauqi Beik. “Zakat Development: Indonesia’s Experience.” Jurnal Ekonomi Islam Al Infaq 1, no.1 (2010): 40-52.
- Hashim, M.A. “The Corporate Waqaf: A Malaysian Experience in Building Sustainable Business Capacity.” paper delivered at Dubai International Conference on Endowments, 16-17 February 2010, Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Accessed January 13, 2019. https://www.unescwa.org/events/ dubai-international-conference-endowments-innovative-sources-finance-small-and-medium-sized
- Hassan, M.K. “An Integrated Poverty Alleviation Model Combining Zakat, Awqaf and Micro- Finance.” Seventh International Conference: The Tawhidi Epistemology: Zakat and Waqf Economy, 6-7 January 2010, Bangi, Malaysia, Accessed January 13, 2019. http://www. ukm.my/hadhari/publication/proceedings-of-seventh-international-conference-the-tawhidi- epistemology-zakat-and-waqf-economy.
- Heck, Paul. Taxation in Encyclopaedia of the Qurʾān. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2018.
- Heyneman, Stephen. Islam and Social Policy. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press, 2004.
- Kahf, Monzer. “Zakat: Unresolved Issues in the Contemporary Fiqh.” IIUM Journal of Economics and Management 2, no.1 (1989): 1-23.
- Qaradhawi, Yusuf. Fiqh Al-Zakah. Translated by Monzer Kahf. Jeddah: Center for Research in Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, 1995.
- Kister, Meir Jacob. “The Market of the Prophet.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, no.8 (1965): 272-276.
- Kuran, Timur. “The Provision of Public Goods under Islamic Law: Origins, Impact, and Limitations of the Waqf System.” Law & Society Review 35, no. 4 (2001): 841-898. https://doi. org/10.2307/3185418.
- Muhtada, Dani. “The Role of Zakat Organization in Empowering the Peasantry: A Case Study of the Rumah Zakat Yogyakarta Indonesia.” In The Islamic Finance for Micro and Medium Enterprises, edited by Mohammed Obaidullah, and Salma Abdullateef, 289–310. Jeddah: IRTI, Islamic Development Bank, 2008.
- Obaidullah, Mohammed, and Salma Abdullateef. Islamic Finance for Micro and Medium Enterprises. Jeddah: IRTI, 2011.
- Obaidullah, Mohammed. Awqaf Development and Management. Jeddah: Islamic Research and Training Institute, Islamic Development Bank, 2013.
- Obaidullah, Mohammed. “Revisiting Estimation Methods of Business Zakat and Related Tax Incentives.” Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, no.7 (2016): 349-364.
- Obaidullah, Mohammed. Zakat Management for Poverty Alleviation. Jeddah: Islamic Research and Training Institute, 2016.
- Salehi, Djavad. “Poverty and income inequality in the Islamic Republic of Iran.” Revue Internationale des Etudes du Développement 1, no. 229 (2017): 113-136. https://doi.org/10.3917/ried.229.0113.
- Siddiqui, Abdur Rashid. Qur’anic Key Words. Markfield: The Islamic Foundation. Markfield, 2008.
| APA | Gundogdu A (2019). Poverty, Hunger and Inequality in the Context of Zakat and Waqf. , 49 - 64. 10.26650/di.2019.30.1.0005 |
| Chicago | Gundogdu Ahmet Suayb Poverty, Hunger and Inequality in the Context of Zakat and Waqf. (2019): 49 - 64. 10.26650/di.2019.30.1.0005 |
| MLA | Gundogdu Ahmet Suayb Poverty, Hunger and Inequality in the Context of Zakat and Waqf. , 2019, ss.49 - 64. 10.26650/di.2019.30.1.0005 |
| AMA | Gundogdu A Poverty, Hunger and Inequality in the Context of Zakat and Waqf. . 2019; 49 - 64. 10.26650/di.2019.30.1.0005 |
| Vancouver | Gundogdu A Poverty, Hunger and Inequality in the Context of Zakat and Waqf. . 2019; 49 - 64. 10.26650/di.2019.30.1.0005 |
| IEEE | Gundogdu A "Poverty, Hunger and Inequality in the Context of Zakat and Waqf." , ss.49 - 64, 2019. 10.26650/di.2019.30.1.0005 |
| ISNAD | Gundogdu, Ahmet Suayb. "Poverty, Hunger and Inequality in the Context of Zakat and Waqf". (2019), 49-64. https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2019.30.1.0005 |
| APA | Gundogdu A (2019). Poverty, Hunger and Inequality in the Context of Zakat and Waqf. darulfunun ilahiyat, 30(1), 49 - 64. 10.26650/di.2019.30.1.0005 |
| Chicago | Gundogdu Ahmet Suayb Poverty, Hunger and Inequality in the Context of Zakat and Waqf. darulfunun ilahiyat 30, no.1 (2019): 49 - 64. 10.26650/di.2019.30.1.0005 |
| MLA | Gundogdu Ahmet Suayb Poverty, Hunger and Inequality in the Context of Zakat and Waqf. darulfunun ilahiyat, vol.30, no.1, 2019, ss.49 - 64. 10.26650/di.2019.30.1.0005 |
| AMA | Gundogdu A Poverty, Hunger and Inequality in the Context of Zakat and Waqf. darulfunun ilahiyat. 2019; 30(1): 49 - 64. 10.26650/di.2019.30.1.0005 |
| Vancouver | Gundogdu A Poverty, Hunger and Inequality in the Context of Zakat and Waqf. darulfunun ilahiyat. 2019; 30(1): 49 - 64. 10.26650/di.2019.30.1.0005 |
| IEEE | Gundogdu A "Poverty, Hunger and Inequality in the Context of Zakat and Waqf." darulfunun ilahiyat, 30, ss.49 - 64, 2019. 10.26650/di.2019.30.1.0005 |
| ISNAD | Gundogdu, Ahmet Suayb. "Poverty, Hunger and Inequality in the Context of Zakat and Waqf". darulfunun ilahiyat 30/1 (2019), 49-64. https://doi.org/10.26650/di.2019.30.1.0005 |
