Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium
Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 26 - 31 Metin Dili: İngilizce DOI: 10.14744/bej.2019.18853 İndeks Tarihi: 19-06-2020
Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium
Öz: Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the Schirmer II test (ST2) results, tear breakup time (TBUT) findings,and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores of pterygium patients under 30 years of age, and to compare the resultswith pterygium patients aged 30 years and older and healthy controls.Methods: Eighty-four eyes of 60 patients who had primary pterygium and were younger than 30 years of age (Group1), 79 eyes of 53 patients who had primary pterygium and were 30 years of age and older (Group 2), and 64 eyes of 64healthy controls (Group 3) were included in the study. The results of ST2 and TBUT tests and the OSDI questionnairescores were recorded and compared.Results: Group 1 had lower TBUT values compared to Group 2 and the control group (p= 0.03 and p<0.001, respectively). Group 1 had lower ST2 values than the control group (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the ST2results between Group 1 and Group 2 (p=0.08). Group 1 had higher OSDI scores than the control group (p=0.003). Therewas no significant difference in the OSDI scores between Group 1 and Group 2 (p=0.7).Conclusion: The results indicated that young patients with pterygium had lower ST2 results, lower TBUT values, andhigher OSDI scores compared to the control group, and lower TBUT values compared to older patients with pterygium.Tear film abnormality may be a factor in the pterygium pathogenesis, especially in young patients, and may increase thevulnerability of the ocular surface of young people to environmental factors, leading to pterygium formation.
Anahtar Kelime: Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
- 1. Liu L, Wu J, Geng J, Yuan Z, Huang D. Geographical prevalence and risk factors for pterygium: a systematic review and metaanalysis. BMJ Open 2013;3:e003787.
- 2. Droutsas K, Sekundo W. Epidemiology of pterygium. A review. [Article in German] Ophthalmologe 2010;107:511–2.
- 3. Liu T, Liu Y, Xie L, He X, Bai J. Progress in the pathogenesis of pterygium. Curr Eye Res 2013;38:1191–7.
- 4. Bradley JC, Yang W, Bradley RH, Reid TW, Schwab IR. The science of pterygia. Br J Ophthalmol 2010;94:815–20.
- 5. Di Girolamo N, Chui J, Coroneo MT, Wakefield D. Pathogenesis of pterygia: role of cytokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2004;23:195–228.
- 6. Taylor HR, West SK, Rosenthal FS, Munoz B, Newland HS, Emmett EA. Corneal Changes Associated With Chronic UV Irradiation. Arch Ophthalmol 1989;107:1481–4.
- 7. Oliva MS, Taylor H. Ultraviolet radiation and the eye. Int Ophthalmol Clin 2005;45:1–17.
- 8. Sherwin JC, Hewitt AW, Kearns LS, Griffiths LR, Mackey DA, Coroneo MT. The association between pterygium and conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence: the Norfolk Island Eye Study. Acta Ophthalmol 2013;91:363–70.
- 9. McKnight CM, Sherwin JC, Yazar S, Forward H, Tan AX, Hewitt AW, et al. Pterygium and conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence in young Australian adults: the Raine study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015;43:300–7.
- 10. Fotouhi A, Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Mohammad K. Prevalence and risk factors of pterygium and pinguecula: the Tehran Eye Study. Eye (Lond) 2009;23:1125–9.
- 11. Jiao W, Zhou C, Wang T, Yang S, Bi H, Liu L, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for pterygium in rural older adults in Shandong Province of China: a cross-sectional study. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:658648.
- 12. Fernandes M, Sangwan VS, Bansal AK, Gangopadhyay N, Sridhar MS, Garg P, et al. Outcome of pterygium surgery: analysis over 14 years. Eye (Lond) 2005;19:1182–90.
- 13. Kadayifçilar SC, Orhan M, Irkeç M. Tear functions in patients with pterygium. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1998;76:176–9.
- 14. Ishioka M, Shimmura S, Yagi Y, Tsubota K. Ptyerygium and Dry Eye Ophthalmologica 2001;215:209–11.
- 15. Wang S, Jiang B, Gu Y. Changes of tear film function after pterygium operation. Ophthalmic Res 2011;45:210–5.
- 16. Ye F, Zhou F, Xia Y, Zhu X, Wu Y, Huang Z. Evaluation of meibomian gland and tear film changes in patients with pterygium. Indian J Ophthalmol 2017;65:233–7.
- 17. Detorakis ET, Spandidos DA. Pathogenetic mechanisms and treatment options for ophthalmic pterygium: trends and perspectives (Review). Int J Mol Med 2009;23:439–47.
- 18. Coroneo MT. Pterygium as an early indicator of ultraviolet insolation: a hypothesis. Br J Ophthalmol 1993;77:734–9.
- 19. Islam SI, Wagoner MD. Pterygium in Young Members of One Family. Cornea 2001;20:708–10.
- 20. Gazzard G, Saw SM, Farook M, Koh D, Widjaja D, Chia SE, et al. Pterygium in Indonesia: prevalence, severity and risk factors. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:1341–6.
- 21. Rezvan F, Khabazkhoob M, Hooshmand E, Yekta A, Saatchi M, Hashemi H. Prevalence and risk factors of pterygium: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surv Ophthalmol 2018;63:719–35.
- 22. Song P, Chang X, Wang M, An L. Variations of pterygium prevalence by age, gender and geographic characteristics in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017;12:e0174587.
- 23. Ozsutcu M, Arslan B, Erdur SK, Gulkilik G, Kocabora SM, Muftuoglu O. Tear osmolarity and tear film parameters in patients with unilateral pterygium. Cornea 2014;33:1174–8.
- 24. Julio G, Lluch S, Pujol P, Alonso S, Merindano D. Tear osmolarity and ocular changes in pterygium. Cornea 2012;31:1417–21.
- 25. Li N, Deng XG, He MF. Comparison of the Schirmer I test with and without topical anesthesia for diagnosing dry eye. Int J Ophthalmol 2012;5:478–81.
- 26. Li M, Zhang M, Lin Y, Xiao Q, Zhu X, Song S, et al. Tear function and goblet cell density after pterygium excision. Eye (Lond) 2007;21:224–8.
- 27. Tan J, Vollmer-Conna U, Tat L. Coroneo M. Dry-Eye Disease in Recurrent Pterygium. Ophthalmic Res 2019;61:199–203.
- 28. Shah SI, Shah SA, Rai P. Factors associated with pterygium based on history and clinical examination of patients in Pakistan. J Curr Ophthalmol 2016;28:91–2.
- 29. Ergin A, Bozdoğan O. Study on tear function abnormality in pterygium. Ophthalmologica 2001;215:204–8.
- 30. Taylor HR. Studies on the tear film in climatic droplet keratopathy and pterygium. Arch Ophthalmol 1980;98:86–8.
- 31. Lemp MA, Bron AJ, Baudouin C, Benítez Del Castillo JM, Geffen D, Tauber J, et al. Tear osmolarity in the diagnosis and management of dry eye disease. Am J Ophthalmol 2011;151:792–8.e1.
- 32. Mathers WD, Lane JA, Zimmerman MB. Tear film changes associated with normal aging. Cornea 1996;15:229–34.
- 33. Patel S, Boyd KE, Burns J. Age, stability of the precorneal tear film and the refractive index of tears. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2000;23:44–7.
- 34. Maïssa C, Guillon M. Tear film dynamics and lipid layer characteristics--effect of age and gender. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2010;33:176–82.
- 35. Sweeney DF, Millar TJ, Raju SR. Tear film stability: a review. Exp Eye Res 2013;117:28–38.
- 36. Farrand KF, Fridman M, Stillman IÖ, Schaumberg DA. Prevalence of Diagnosed Dry Eye Disease in the United States Among Adults Aged 18 Years and Older. Am J Ophthalmol 2017;182:90–8.
- 37. Schiffman RM, Christianson MD, Jacobsen G, Hirsch JD, Reis BL. Reliability and validity of the Ocular Surface Disease Index. Arch Ophthalmol 2000;118:615–21.
- 38. Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Kheirkhah A, Emamian MH, Mehravaran S, Shariati M, et al. Prevalence of dry eye syndrome in an adult population. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014;42:242–8.
- 39. Lee AJ, Lee J, Saw SM, Gazzard G, Koh D, Widjaja D, et al. Prevalence and risk factors associated with dry eye symptoms: a population based study in Indonesia. Br J Ophthalmol 2002;86:1347–51.
| APA | KÜÇÜK E, YILMAZ U, ZOR K (2020). Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium. , 26 - 31. 10.14744/bej.2019.18853 |
| Chicago | KÜÇÜK Erkut,YILMAZ UĞUR,ZOR Kürşad Ramazan Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium. (2020): 26 - 31. 10.14744/bej.2019.18853 |
| MLA | KÜÇÜK Erkut,YILMAZ UĞUR,ZOR Kürşad Ramazan Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium. , 2020, ss.26 - 31. 10.14744/bej.2019.18853 |
| AMA | KÜÇÜK E,YILMAZ U,ZOR K Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium. . 2020; 26 - 31. 10.14744/bej.2019.18853 |
| Vancouver | KÜÇÜK E,YILMAZ U,ZOR K Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium. . 2020; 26 - 31. 10.14744/bej.2019.18853 |
| IEEE | KÜÇÜK E,YILMAZ U,ZOR K "Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium." , ss.26 - 31, 2020. 10.14744/bej.2019.18853 |
| ISNAD | KÜÇÜK, Erkut vd. "Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium". (2020), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.14744/bej.2019.18853 |
| APA | KÜÇÜK E, YILMAZ U, ZOR K (2020). Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium. BEYOGLU EYE JOURNAL, 5(1), 26 - 31. 10.14744/bej.2019.18853 |
| Chicago | KÜÇÜK Erkut,YILMAZ UĞUR,ZOR Kürşad Ramazan Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium. BEYOGLU EYE JOURNAL 5, no.1 (2020): 26 - 31. 10.14744/bej.2019.18853 |
| MLA | KÜÇÜK Erkut,YILMAZ UĞUR,ZOR Kürşad Ramazan Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium. BEYOGLU EYE JOURNAL, vol.5, no.1, 2020, ss.26 - 31. 10.14744/bej.2019.18853 |
| AMA | KÜÇÜK E,YILMAZ U,ZOR K Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium. BEYOGLU EYE JOURNAL. 2020; 5(1): 26 - 31. 10.14744/bej.2019.18853 |
| Vancouver | KÜÇÜK E,YILMAZ U,ZOR K Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium. BEYOGLU EYE JOURNAL. 2020; 5(1): 26 - 31. 10.14744/bej.2019.18853 |
| IEEE | KÜÇÜK E,YILMAZ U,ZOR K "Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium." BEYOGLU EYE JOURNAL, 5, ss.26 - 31, 2020. 10.14744/bej.2019.18853 |
| ISNAD | KÜÇÜK, Erkut vd. "Tear Film Functions and Dry Eye Symptoms in Young Patients with Pterygium". BEYOGLU EYE JOURNAL 5/1 (2020), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.14744/bej.2019.18853 |
