Biyolojik Delillerin Tespitinde Kullanılan Tarama ve Doğrulama Testleri ve Bu Konudaki Son Gelişmeler

Karadayı, Şükriye; Sezgin, Nurdan; KARADAYI, Beytullah

doi:10.5336/forensic.2018-60269

Biyolojik Delillerin Tespitinde Kullanılan Tarama ve Doğrulama Testleri ve Bu Konudaki Son Gelişmeler

Beytullah KARADAYI, (İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Şükriye KARADAYI, (Altınbaş Üniversitesi, Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Nurdan SEZGİN (Aydın Üniversitesi, Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksek Okulu, İstanbul, Türkiye)

Türkiye Klinikleri Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Dergisi

47 12

Yıl: 2018 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2 Sayfa Aralığı: 80 - 92 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.5336/forensic.2018-60269 İndeks Tarihi: 11-09-2020

Biyolojik Delillerin Tespitinde Kullanılan Tarama ve Doğrulama Testleri ve Bu Konudaki Son Gelişmeler

Öz:

Olay yerinde bulunan biyolojik örnekler, çoğu zaman olayın tüm aşamalarının aydınlatılmasında ve suçlu veya suçluların identifikasyonunda en güçlü delillerden biridir. Olayın gerçekleştiği yerdeki vücut sıvılarının yerinin saptanması ve sonrasında orijininin belirlenmesi için adlilaboratuvarların rutin analizlerinde temeli mikroskobik, kimyasal, immünolojik ve spektroskopikyöntemlere dayalı olan bazı tarama ve doğrulama testleri uygulanmaktadır. Sonraki aşama ise gerekli görülen biyolojik deliller üzerinde kimliklendirme için DNA analizidir. Tarama ve doğrulamatestlerinin en önemli avantajı delilin yerinin belirlenmesinin yanında, delil niteliği taşımayan örneklerin eliminasyonu sağlanarak gereksiz DNA analizi yapılmasının önüne geçilmesi ve böylecezaman kaybının ve ekonomik kayıpların önlenmesidir. Olay yeri inceleme uzmanlarının, adli biyoloji laboratuvarı çalışanlarının ve çeşitli dava dosyalarında bu tür deliller ile ilgili laboratuvar sonuçlarını yorumlayan adli tıp uzmanlarının biyolojik delillerle ilgili bilgilerinin yeterli düzeydeolması önemlidir. Rutin uygulamalarda her bir vücut sıvısının saptanmasında kullanılan ayrı testler bulunmaktadır. Çünkü, aynı yöntemle az miktardaki biyolojik örnekten tüm vücut sıvılarınınsaptanmasına yönelik yüksek güvenirlilikte bir test henüz rutin uygulamalara girmemiştir. Son yıllarda bu konuda çalışan araştırıcılar tarafından, yeni tekniklerin geliştirilmesine ve mevcut tekniklerin iyileştirilmesine yönelik oldukça umut verici çalışmalar yayımlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, olayyerindeki biyolojik delillerin yerinin saptanması ve elde edilen biyolojik örneklerin orijininin belirlenmesi aşamalarında kullanılan mevcut tarama ve doğrulama testlerinin tanıtılması ile bu konudaki sorunların çözümüne yönelik yeni geliştirilmiş moleküler genetik (mRNA) ve spektroskopik(floresans, raman) temelli yöntemlerin tartışılması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelime:

Presumptive and Confirmatory Tests Used in Identification of Biological Evidence and the Latest Developments in This Topic

Öz:

Biological evidence at the crime scene is one of the most powerful proof for elucidation to all phases of the event and identification of the culprit. In routine forensic laboratory analysis, some presumptive and confirmatory tests based on microscopic, chemical, immunological and spectroscopic methods are used to determine the body fluids at the scene and identification of the origin. The next step is DNA analyzing for personalization of necessary biological evidence. The most important advantage of scanning and verification tests is to determine the location of the evidence and to prevent the unnecessary DNA analysis by eliminating the samples which cannot use as evidence, thus to prevent the time and economic loss. It is important for crime scene investigators, forensic biology laboratory assistants, and forensic medical experts who interpreting the laboratory results about this kind of evidence in various cases to have an adequate knowledge about biological evidence. There are different tests for the detection of each type of body fluids in routine applications. But there is no high reliability test into the routine applications yet, which can determine all the body fluids from the small amounts of biological samples with the same method. In recent years, encouraging researches about the development of new techniques and improvement of existing ones were published by researchers who work in this area. In this study, it is aimed to present the current screening and validation tests used to determine the site of the biological evidence at the scene and to determine the origin of the obtained biological samples. Additionally, it is aimed to discuss of the methods based on newly developed molecular genetics (mRNA) and spectroscopy (fluorescence, raman).

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	KARADAYI B, Karadayı Ş, Sezgin N (2018). Biyolojik Delillerin Tespitinde Kullanılan Tarama ve Doğrulama Testleri ve Bu Konudaki Son Gelişmeler. , 80 - 92. 10.5336/forensic.2018-60269
Chicago	KARADAYI Beytullah,Karadayı Şükriye,Sezgin Nurdan Biyolojik Delillerin Tespitinde Kullanılan Tarama ve Doğrulama Testleri ve Bu Konudaki Son Gelişmeler. (2018): 80 - 92. 10.5336/forensic.2018-60269
MLA	KARADAYI Beytullah,Karadayı Şükriye,Sezgin Nurdan Biyolojik Delillerin Tespitinde Kullanılan Tarama ve Doğrulama Testleri ve Bu Konudaki Son Gelişmeler. , 2018, ss.80 - 92. 10.5336/forensic.2018-60269
AMA	KARADAYI B,Karadayı Ş,Sezgin N Biyolojik Delillerin Tespitinde Kullanılan Tarama ve Doğrulama Testleri ve Bu Konudaki Son Gelişmeler. . 2018; 80 - 92. 10.5336/forensic.2018-60269
Vancouver	KARADAYI B,Karadayı Ş,Sezgin N Biyolojik Delillerin Tespitinde Kullanılan Tarama ve Doğrulama Testleri ve Bu Konudaki Son Gelişmeler. . 2018; 80 - 92. 10.5336/forensic.2018-60269
IEEE	KARADAYI B,Karadayı Ş,Sezgin N "Biyolojik Delillerin Tespitinde Kullanılan Tarama ve Doğrulama Testleri ve Bu Konudaki Son Gelişmeler." , ss.80 - 92, 2018. 10.5336/forensic.2018-60269
ISNAD	KARADAYI, Beytullah vd. "Biyolojik Delillerin Tespitinde Kullanılan Tarama ve Doğrulama Testleri ve Bu Konudaki Son Gelişmeler". (2018), 80-92. https://doi.org/10.5336/forensic.2018-60269

APA	KARADAYI B, Karadayı Ş, Sezgin N (2018). Biyolojik Delillerin Tespitinde Kullanılan Tarama ve Doğrulama Testleri ve Bu Konudaki Son Gelişmeler. Türkiye Klinikleri Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Dergisi, 15(2), 80 - 92. 10.5336/forensic.2018-60269
Chicago	KARADAYI Beytullah,Karadayı Şükriye,Sezgin Nurdan Biyolojik Delillerin Tespitinde Kullanılan Tarama ve Doğrulama Testleri ve Bu Konudaki Son Gelişmeler. Türkiye Klinikleri Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Dergisi 15, no.2 (2018): 80 - 92. 10.5336/forensic.2018-60269
MLA	KARADAYI Beytullah,Karadayı Şükriye,Sezgin Nurdan Biyolojik Delillerin Tespitinde Kullanılan Tarama ve Doğrulama Testleri ve Bu Konudaki Son Gelişmeler. Türkiye Klinikleri Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Dergisi, vol.15, no.2, 2018, ss.80 - 92. 10.5336/forensic.2018-60269
AMA	KARADAYI B,Karadayı Ş,Sezgin N Biyolojik Delillerin Tespitinde Kullanılan Tarama ve Doğrulama Testleri ve Bu Konudaki Son Gelişmeler. Türkiye Klinikleri Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Dergisi. 2018; 15(2): 80 - 92. 10.5336/forensic.2018-60269
Vancouver	KARADAYI B,Karadayı Ş,Sezgin N Biyolojik Delillerin Tespitinde Kullanılan Tarama ve Doğrulama Testleri ve Bu Konudaki Son Gelişmeler. Türkiye Klinikleri Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Dergisi. 2018; 15(2): 80 - 92. 10.5336/forensic.2018-60269
IEEE	KARADAYI B,Karadayı Ş,Sezgin N "Biyolojik Delillerin Tespitinde Kullanılan Tarama ve Doğrulama Testleri ve Bu Konudaki Son Gelişmeler." Türkiye Klinikleri Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Dergisi, 15, ss.80 - 92, 2018. 10.5336/forensic.2018-60269
ISNAD	KARADAYI, Beytullah vd. "Biyolojik Delillerin Tespitinde Kullanılan Tarama ve Doğrulama Testleri ve Bu Konudaki Son Gelişmeler". Türkiye Klinikleri Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Dergisi 15/2 (2018), 80-92. https://doi.org/10.5336/forensic.2018-60269