ABD’nin Irak Müdahalesinde Güvenliğin Özelleşmesi: Sözleşmeli Personel ve Özel Askeri ve Güvenlik Şirketlerinin Rolü ve Etkileri

Yıl: 2020 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1 Sayfa Aralığı: 143 - 163 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.26650/siyasal.2020.29.1.0027 İndeks Tarihi: 29-09-2020

ABD’nin Irak Müdahalesinde Güvenliğin Özelleşmesi: Sözleşmeli Personel ve Özel Askeri ve Güvenlik Şirketlerinin Rolü ve Etkileri

Öz:
ABD’nin 2003 yılında Irak’a müdahalesi ile birlikte özel askeri ve güvenlik şirketleri, ABD’nin en önemli ortaklarından biri olmuşve hatta sözleşmeli personel, Irak’ta koalisyon güçleri içerisinde ABD’den sonraki en büyük grup haline gelmiştir. 2003 yılı sonrasıABD yönetimleri, Irak Savaşı’nın artan ekonomik, insani ve siyasi maliyetlerini sözleşmeli personel üzerinden dışsallaştırmayaçalışmıştır. 2011 yılı öncesi Irak’ta ABD askerlerinin yanında yer alan sözleşmeli personel, 2011 yılı sonrası ABD askerlerinin yerinegörev almaya başlamıştır. ABD yönetimleri, özel şirketler aracılığıyla bazı maliyetleri dışsallaştırabilse de sözleşmeli personelininsan hakları ihlalleri, ABD’nin Irak ve bölgedeki ününe zarar vermiştir. Sözleşmeli personel ayrıca Irak’ta şiddet uygulayan veşiddete maruz kalan aktörlerin başında gelmiş ve ülke içerisindeki şiddetin yükselmesinde rol oynamıştır. Irak’ta ABD aracılığıylagüvenliğin özelleşmesi ise Irak’taki güvenlik kavramını dönüştürmüştür. Özel askeri ve güvenlik şirketleri ve çalışanlarının hukukistatüleri ve denetimleri, güvenlik kavramının dışlayıcı bir hale gelmesi ve güvenliğin piyasalaşması, Irak gibi kırılgan bir ülkedeyeni güvenlik sorunlarına yol açmıştır. Özel askeri ve güvenlik şirketlerinin Irak Savaşı boyunca oynadığı roller ise gelenekselgüvenlik anlayışı ve şiddet kullanma tekelinin devriyle ilgili Uluslararası İlişkilerde yeni tartışmalara sebep olmuştur.
Anahtar Kelime:

Privatization of Security in Iraq with Us Intervention: The Role and Effects of Contracted Personnel and Private Military and Security Companies

Öz:
With the US intervention in Iraq in 2003, private military and security companies (PMSCs) became one of the most important partners of the United States and contractor personnel even became the second largest group within the coalition forces. After 2003, US administrations tried to externalize the increasing economic, humanitarian and political costs of the Iraq War through contractor personnel. While the contracted personnel fought in Iraq alongside the US forces before 2011, they replaced the US forces in the country after 2011. Although US administrations could offload some of the burden of their work through the PMSCs and their contracted personnel, human rights violations of contracted personnel undermined the reputation of the US in Iraq and the region. Contractor personnel also became a part of the increasing violence in Iraq as they themselves became targets and responded in turn and thus they became an important party of the increasing violence in the country. The privatization of security in Iraq through the US also transformed the concept of security and caused new security problems that are still being discussed. The legal status of and control over the PMSCs and their personnel, the exclusionary understanding about security and the marketization of security led to new security problems in Iraq, which was becoming an increasingly fragile country. The roles played by the PMSCs during the Iraq War also led to new theoretical and practical discussions in International Relations regarding the transformation of traditional security understanding and the monopoly on force.
Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık
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APA ÇAĞLAR t (2020). ABD’nin Irak Müdahalesinde Güvenliğin Özelleşmesi: Sözleşmeli Personel ve Özel Askeri ve Güvenlik Şirketlerinin Rolü ve Etkileri. , 143 - 163. 10.26650/siyasal.2020.29.1.0027
Chicago ÇAĞLAR turancaglar ABD’nin Irak Müdahalesinde Güvenliğin Özelleşmesi: Sözleşmeli Personel ve Özel Askeri ve Güvenlik Şirketlerinin Rolü ve Etkileri. (2020): 143 - 163. 10.26650/siyasal.2020.29.1.0027
MLA ÇAĞLAR turancaglar ABD’nin Irak Müdahalesinde Güvenliğin Özelleşmesi: Sözleşmeli Personel ve Özel Askeri ve Güvenlik Şirketlerinin Rolü ve Etkileri. , 2020, ss.143 - 163. 10.26650/siyasal.2020.29.1.0027
AMA ÇAĞLAR t ABD’nin Irak Müdahalesinde Güvenliğin Özelleşmesi: Sözleşmeli Personel ve Özel Askeri ve Güvenlik Şirketlerinin Rolü ve Etkileri. . 2020; 143 - 163. 10.26650/siyasal.2020.29.1.0027
Vancouver ÇAĞLAR t ABD’nin Irak Müdahalesinde Güvenliğin Özelleşmesi: Sözleşmeli Personel ve Özel Askeri ve Güvenlik Şirketlerinin Rolü ve Etkileri. . 2020; 143 - 163. 10.26650/siyasal.2020.29.1.0027
IEEE ÇAĞLAR t "ABD’nin Irak Müdahalesinde Güvenliğin Özelleşmesi: Sözleşmeli Personel ve Özel Askeri ve Güvenlik Şirketlerinin Rolü ve Etkileri." , ss.143 - 163, 2020. 10.26650/siyasal.2020.29.1.0027
ISNAD ÇAĞLAR, turancaglar. "ABD’nin Irak Müdahalesinde Güvenliğin Özelleşmesi: Sözleşmeli Personel ve Özel Askeri ve Güvenlik Şirketlerinin Rolü ve Etkileri". (2020), 143-163. https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2020.29.1.0027
APA ÇAĞLAR t (2020). ABD’nin Irak Müdahalesinde Güvenliğin Özelleşmesi: Sözleşmeli Personel ve Özel Askeri ve Güvenlik Şirketlerinin Rolü ve Etkileri. Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences (Online) , 29(1), 143 - 163. 10.26650/siyasal.2020.29.1.0027
Chicago ÇAĞLAR turancaglar ABD’nin Irak Müdahalesinde Güvenliğin Özelleşmesi: Sözleşmeli Personel ve Özel Askeri ve Güvenlik Şirketlerinin Rolü ve Etkileri. Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences (Online) 29, no.1 (2020): 143 - 163. 10.26650/siyasal.2020.29.1.0027
MLA ÇAĞLAR turancaglar ABD’nin Irak Müdahalesinde Güvenliğin Özelleşmesi: Sözleşmeli Personel ve Özel Askeri ve Güvenlik Şirketlerinin Rolü ve Etkileri. Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences (Online) , vol.29, no.1, 2020, ss.143 - 163. 10.26650/siyasal.2020.29.1.0027
AMA ÇAĞLAR t ABD’nin Irak Müdahalesinde Güvenliğin Özelleşmesi: Sözleşmeli Personel ve Özel Askeri ve Güvenlik Şirketlerinin Rolü ve Etkileri. Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences (Online) . 2020; 29(1): 143 - 163. 10.26650/siyasal.2020.29.1.0027
Vancouver ÇAĞLAR t ABD’nin Irak Müdahalesinde Güvenliğin Özelleşmesi: Sözleşmeli Personel ve Özel Askeri ve Güvenlik Şirketlerinin Rolü ve Etkileri. Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences (Online) . 2020; 29(1): 143 - 163. 10.26650/siyasal.2020.29.1.0027
IEEE ÇAĞLAR t "ABD’nin Irak Müdahalesinde Güvenliğin Özelleşmesi: Sözleşmeli Personel ve Özel Askeri ve Güvenlik Şirketlerinin Rolü ve Etkileri." Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences (Online) , 29, ss.143 - 163, 2020. 10.26650/siyasal.2020.29.1.0027
ISNAD ÇAĞLAR, turancaglar. "ABD’nin Irak Müdahalesinde Güvenliğin Özelleşmesi: Sözleşmeli Personel ve Özel Askeri ve Güvenlik Şirketlerinin Rolü ve Etkileri". Siyasal: Journal of Political Sciences (Online) 29/1 (2020), 143-163. https://doi.org/10.26650/siyasal.2020.29.1.0027