Viral enfeksiyonlarda otofaji

OĞUZOĞLU, TUBA ÇİĞDEM; KOÇ, B. Taylan; ÜLGENALP, Onur

doi:10.5505/TurkHijyen.2018.79923

Viral enfeksiyonlarda otofaji

Onur ÜLGENALP, (Ankara Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Viroloji Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye)

Bahattin Taylan Koç, (Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Viroloji Anabilim Dalı, Aydın, Türkiye)

Tuba Çiğdem OĞUZOĞLU (Ankara Üniversitesi, Veteriner Fakültesi, Viroloji Anabilim Dalı, Ankara, Türkiye)

Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi

62 3

Yıl: 2018 Cilt: 75 Sayı: 3 Sayfa Aralığı: 291 - 304 Metin Dili: Türkçe DOI: 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2018.79923 İndeks Tarihi: 20-07-2020

Viral enfeksiyonlarda otofaji

Öz:

Viruslar hücre içi obligat parazit olmalarından vebirçok virus ailesinin farklı replikasyon stratejileriolmasından ötürü diğer mikroorganizmalara kıyaslahücre içi daha çok organel ve işlev ile yakın ilişkili olup bumekanizmalar üzerinde etkileri mevcuttur. Bu etkilerinbaşında da hiç şüphesiz hücre ölüm mekanizmaları yeralmaktadır. Viruslar ile yapılan replikasyon-patogenezçalışmalarında hücre ölümü olarak apoptoz ve nekrozüzerine pekçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Otofaji ise son yıllarakadar viral enfeksiyonlarda çok değerlendirilmemişama gündeme gelmesiyle viral enfeksiyonlarla ilişkisiaraştırılmaya başlanmıştır. Otofaji (“Auto” ve “Phagy”;kelime anlamı “kendi kendini yeme”); hücrelerin çeşitlistres durumlarında kendilerini yok olmaktan korumakve hemostazı devam ettirmek için kullandıklarıkatabolik bir süreç olup hücre bu süreçte ihtiyacı olanenerjiyi kendi öz kaynaklarını sindirerek elde eder.Otofaji; organizmada çift katlı membrana sahip veziküloluşumu ile şekillenen ve makro-, mikro-, şaperonilişkili- otofaji olmak üzere bugüne dek tanımlanmışüç çeşidi bulunan fizyolojik bir olaydır. Son yıllardaotofaji ve viral enfeksiyonlarla ilgili çalışmalarınsayısında hızlı bir artış yaşanmasının sonucu olarak;otofaji ve viruslar arasındaki karşılıklı etkileşim, DNAveya RNA virusu ailesinde bulunan birçok virus türü içinaraştırma konusu olarak ilgi çekmiştir. Virusların otofajimekanizmasını immünolojik yanıttan kaçabilmek veviral yaşam döngülerini devam ettirebilmek adınanasıl kullandıkları ve viral patogenezin molekülermekanizmalarında otofajinin yerinin sorgulanmasıtemel çalışma konularını oluşturmaktadır. Buaraştırmalar ışığında elde edilen bilgilere göre;otofaji ve viruslar arasında iki tarafı keskin bir bıçağabenzetilebilecek bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Hücre ölümmekanizmalarından olan apoptoz ve nekrozdan farklıolarak bu fizyolojik olay; hücrenin stres durumundaoluşan besin ihtiyacına bir cevap olarak ortayaçıkacağı gibi, konakçı hücrenin bazı patojenlerdenkurtulmak amacıyla başlattığı bir seri mekanizmayı datetiklemektedir. Hatta bu olay, viruslar tarafından kendilehlerine olacak şekilde replikasyonlarını başlatabilmekveya devam ettirebilmek ve viral zarflarının oluşumunayardımcı olarak da kullanılmaktadır. Bu fizyolojik olayile viruslar arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamaya yönelik bilgilerinsunulduğu bu derlemede; otofaji mekanizmaları,kullanılan yolaklar, otofajiyi uyaran ve başlatanproteinler, otofajinin çeşitli viruslar (tek başına birvirus veya aynı aileden iki virus arasındaki etkileşimdurumunda) tarafından nasıl kullanıldığına yönelikbilgiler bulunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelime:

Autophagy in viral infections

Öz:

Because of the fact that viruses are intracellular obligatory parasites and many virus families have different replication strategies, their intracellular interactions are more closely related to organelles and function than other microorganisms and they have effects on these functions. Undoubtedly, cell death mechanisms are located at the top of these effects. Many studies have been carried out on apoptosis and necrosis as cell death in replication-pathogenesis studies performed with viruses. Autophagy has not been evaluated in viral infections until recent years, however, by the fact that autophagy has become a popular topic in biotechnology, investigation of the relationship between autophagy and viral infections has been begun.Autophagy (“Auto” and “Phagy”, meaning “self-eating”); is a catabolic process that cells use to protect themselves from extinction in various stress situations and to maintain hemostasis, and the cell obtains the energy it needs by digesting its own resources. Autophagy; the organism is a physiological phenomenon with two types of membrane-shaped vesicle formation and three types of macro-, micro-, and chaperone-related autophagy up-to-date. As a result of a rapid increase in the number of studies on autophagy and viral infections in recent years, the interaction between autophagy and viruses has attracted interest as a research topic for many types of viruses in the family of DNA or RNA viruses. The fact of how viruses use the autophagy mechanism to avoid immunological response and maintain viral life cycles and to question the location of autophagy in the molecular mechanisms of viral pathogenesis constitute main study subjects. According to the obtained information in the context of these studies; there is a relationship between autophagy and viruses that can be likened to a sharp blade on both sides. Unlike apoptosis and necrosis, this physiological event; it also triggers a series of mechanisms initiated by the host cell to get rid of some pathogens, as will the response of the cell to the need for nutrients in the event of stress. In fact, this incident will be in their favor by the viruses; replication can be initiated or sustained and used to assist in the formation of viral envelopes. In this review in which present information on relation between viruses and this physiological pathway; there are the knowledge that autophagy mechanism, pathways, proteins stimulating and starting autophagy, how to use autophagy by various viruses.

Anahtar Kelime:

Belge Türü: Makale Makale Türü: Derleme Erişim Türü: Erişime Açık

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APA	ÜLGENALP O, KOÇ B, OĞUZOĞLU T (2018). Viral enfeksiyonlarda otofaji. , 291 - 304. 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2018.79923
Chicago	ÜLGENALP Onur,KOÇ B. Taylan,OĞUZOĞLU TUBA ÇİĞDEM Viral enfeksiyonlarda otofaji. (2018): 291 - 304. 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2018.79923
MLA	ÜLGENALP Onur,KOÇ B. Taylan,OĞUZOĞLU TUBA ÇİĞDEM Viral enfeksiyonlarda otofaji. , 2018, ss.291 - 304. 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2018.79923
AMA	ÜLGENALP O,KOÇ B,OĞUZOĞLU T Viral enfeksiyonlarda otofaji. . 2018; 291 - 304. 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2018.79923
Vancouver	ÜLGENALP O,KOÇ B,OĞUZOĞLU T Viral enfeksiyonlarda otofaji. . 2018; 291 - 304. 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2018.79923
IEEE	ÜLGENALP O,KOÇ B,OĞUZOĞLU T "Viral enfeksiyonlarda otofaji." , ss.291 - 304, 2018. 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2018.79923
ISNAD	ÜLGENALP, Onur vd. "Viral enfeksiyonlarda otofaji". (2018), 291-304. https://doi.org/10.5505/TurkHijyen.2018.79923

APA	ÜLGENALP O, KOÇ B, OĞUZOĞLU T (2018). Viral enfeksiyonlarda otofaji. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 75(3), 291 - 304. 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2018.79923
Chicago	ÜLGENALP Onur,KOÇ B. Taylan,OĞUZOĞLU TUBA ÇİĞDEM Viral enfeksiyonlarda otofaji. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 75, no.3 (2018): 291 - 304. 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2018.79923
MLA	ÜLGENALP Onur,KOÇ B. Taylan,OĞUZOĞLU TUBA ÇİĞDEM Viral enfeksiyonlarda otofaji. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, vol.75, no.3, 2018, ss.291 - 304. 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2018.79923
AMA	ÜLGENALP O,KOÇ B,OĞUZOĞLU T Viral enfeksiyonlarda otofaji. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi. 2018; 75(3): 291 - 304. 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2018.79923
Vancouver	ÜLGENALP O,KOÇ B,OĞUZOĞLU T Viral enfeksiyonlarda otofaji. Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi. 2018; 75(3): 291 - 304. 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2018.79923
IEEE	ÜLGENALP O,KOÇ B,OĞUZOĞLU T "Viral enfeksiyonlarda otofaji." Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi, 75, ss.291 - 304, 2018. 10.5505/TurkHijyen.2018.79923
ISNAD	ÜLGENALP, Onur vd. "Viral enfeksiyonlarda otofaji". Türk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi 75/3 (2018), 291-304. https://doi.org/10.5505/TurkHijyen.2018.79923